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	Vietnamese language, alphabet and pronunciation
		Vietnamese has been the official language of Vietnam since the country gained independence from France in 1954.
		Vietnamese was originally written with a Siniform (Chinese-like) script known as Chữ-nôm or Nôm.
		Vietnamese is a tonal language with 6 tones.
	www.omniglot.com /writing/vietnamese.htm (237 words)

	Vietnamese
		It is thought that the ancestor of the Vietnamese language (also known as Annamese) originated in the area of the Red River in what is now northern Vietnam and that it subsequently spread into central and southern portions of the area.
		Vietnamese is the official language of the Republic of Vietnam where it is spoken by 65 million, or 87% of the population.
		Vietnamese is a tonal language, i.e., the meaning of words is affected by the tone with which vowels are pronounced.
	www.nvtc.gov /lotw/months/april/Vietnamese.htm (907 words)

	Vietnamese Information Center - vietnamese women
		Vietnamese is generally said to be part of the Viet-Muong (or Vietic) grouping of the Mon-Khmer branch of the Austroasiatic language family, a family that also includes Khmer, spoken in Cambodia, as well as various tribal and regional languages, such as the Munda languages, spoken in northeastern India, and others in southern China.
		Vietnamese in the form of chữ nôm was used for administrative purposes vietnamese vietnamese songs culture during the brief Tay Son Dynasty.
		Vietnamese vowels are all pronounced with an inherent tone (thanh or thanh điệu).
	www.scipeeps.com /Sci-Official_Languages_T_-_Z/Vietnamese.html (3330 words)

	Rescribe: Vietnamese Translation
		Vietnamese script was written in modified Chinese characters from the second century BC to the tenth century AD while Vietnam was under Chinese rule.
		The Vietnamese language was romanized by French Missionaries in the seventeenth century in hopes of introducing and spreading the Christian faith amongst the Vietnamese people who mostly practiced Buddhism, Confucianism, and Taoism.
		The Vietnamese alphabet was later romanized into the Latin script and modified by diacritical marks to aid in pronunciation.
	www.rescribe.com /vietnamese_translation.html (211 words)

	Reading Vietnamese on the Braille Display
		The alphabet consists of 33 letters (12 vowels and 21 consonants), with upper and lower case forms.
		Seven accented Vietnamese alphabet letters (vowel no.2, 3, 5, 8, 9, 11 and consonant no.4) have also their own dot-combinations in one Braille cell.
		For reading Vietnamese on the Braille Display, it is necessary to set the user defined Braille Table (in our case bungsang) as the default braille table in the Configuration Manager of Jaws.
	www.bungsang.org /pro/product/brailledisplay.htm (998 words)

	BEAUTY & UNIQUENESS
		Vietnamese is a tonal language with six distinct tones: no tone (ngang), highest tone (sac), falling tone (huyen), falling and rising tone (nga), up rising tone (hoi), and lowest tone (nang).
		Vietnamese writing system is Latin-born using Latin alphabet and old Greek marks to express tonal characteristics and diacritical marks like French, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian and Spanish.
		Vietnamese words are up to six letters long, except the word "Nghieng", the one and only with seven letters.
	www.nyu.edu /classes/lap/beauty.htm (393 words)

	Dr. Alexandrowicz's ESL Web Site - USD
		While Vietnamese families place such a high value on education, Vietnamese families are not typically involved in a visible way at schools.
		Within the Vietnamese culture, family is the most important social unit, and it is the responsibility of every member to help the family survive.
		The Vietnamese alphabet consists of 12 vowel letters, 26 consonants or groups of consonant letters, and five tone marks.
	www.sandiego.edu /esl/cultures/vietnamese/teachingvietnamese.htm (860 words)

	Vietnamese Silk Paintings-Vietnam Silk Artwork-Oriental Asian Silk
		Two Vietnamese girls at the one pier temple, the temple was built with the lotus shape in the north of Vietnam.
		Vietnamese calligraphy written in the old vietnamese writting, "Han Nom", the vietnamese language originated from chinese language which was used as official language before the latin alphabet.
		Vietnamese Paintings - These paintings are created by the young artists in the north of Vietnam with the variety of material: water color on Dzo papers, white color on fl sand papers or just pencil or fl crayon.
	www.vietnameseartwork.com /Asian_Oriental/Art/VietnameseSilkPaintings.htm (2651 words)

	Learn Vietnamese Language - Free Conversational Vietnamese Lessons Online - Common Vietnamese Words and Phrases (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The key is to immerse yourself in the language and use it as often as possible in order to build up your skills of speaking it and listening to it, understanding and comprehending it...
		The Phrasebase website is the ultimate environment allowing you to read an Vietnamese Alphabet based phonetic spelling of common and useful everyday phrases in effort to memorize it and it's meaning.
		Vietnamese Language Exchange Pen-Pals - Community of people from around the world interested in teaching you their language and sharing their culture with you.
	www.phrasebase.com /learn/vietnamese.php (1866 words)

	Hitchhiking Vietnam: Travel Tips
		Vietnamese has no use for the letters F, J W and Z. Most letters in the Vietnamese alphabet are pronounced as though they were French.
		Dictionaries are alphabetical except that they treat each tone as a separate entity - for example, you'll be running through several iterations of MA depending on the accent mark over the A. I'd like to introduce here a useful language tool that I developed over the years on the road.
		Written Vietnamese using the Romanized alphabet is a relatively new innovation.
	www.pbs.org /hitchhikingvietnam/travel/lang.html (1180 words)

	Vietnamese Writing System
		For a Vietnamese native speaker, however, the difference is trivial -- imperceptible even -- and should not really be shown in the spelling.
		Partly as a result, Vietnamese speakers tend to believe that their language is made up of monosyllabic words.
		In fact, the practice of representing each syllable as one 'word', which is the common practice in modern Vietnamese, is actually a throwback to the old concept that each Chinese character is equivalent to one word.
	www.cjvlang.com /Writing/writviet.html (2047 words)

	Vietnamese - Cultural Diversity - St. Elizabeth Medical Center - Utica, New York
		The Vietnamese language is characterized by the use of different tones, similar to the Chinese language.
		This is extremely important for medical staff to keep in mind when questioning the Vietnamese about the reason for their visit and the symptoms they are experiencing, as well as questions regarding medication.
		The majority of the Vietnamese who have settled in Utica have become somewhat accustomed to the Western way of meeting and greeting people, however some of the older Vietnamese still hold traditional views.
	www.stemc.org /about_stemc/cultural_diversity/vietnamese.php?id=315 (1205 words)

	Edge Translation
		Vietnamese is also spoken in Australia, Cambodia, Canada, China, Côte d'Ivoire, Finland, France, Germany, Laos, Martinique, Netherlands, New Caledonia, Norway, Philippines, Senegal, Thailand, United Kingdom, USA and Vanuatu.
		Vietnamese is part of the Austro-Asiatic language family- of which it has the most speakers.
		The Vietnamese writing system in use today is an adapted Latin alphabet with additional letters plus diacritics for tones.
	www.edgetranslation.net /vietnamese1.htm (244 words)

	The Southern Mandarins : Asian Collections: An Illustrated Guide (Library of Congress - Asian Division)
		Vietnamese often speak of their thousand years under Chinese rule, emphasizing that they fought and won independence in 939 A.D. Although fiercely independent, Vietnam continued to follow the Chinese model of society and government.
		Until it fell under French colonial rule in the nineteenth century, Vietnam was ruled by an emperor and administered by a Confucian bureaucracy chosen through an examination system, while Chinese remained the official language of the court and the educated elite.
		Although many of the early Vietnamese books are reprints in modern Vietnamese, the Asian Division does have a small collection of important Vietnamese books in traditional format.
	www.loc.gov /rr/asian/guide/guide-southern.html (726 words)

	Intercultural Communication (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Because Vietnamese society values stability in social relations, relationships tend to be extremely intimate: between partners but also within the family and friends.
		The Vietnamese are profoundly romantic, not only in a sexual sense but also in their feeling towards their extended family, their ancestors, their home village and country.
		Vietnamese also tend to pick up their bowl and eat from it close to the mouth rather than bending over the bowl 'like an animal'.
	hsc.csu.edu.au /pta/scansw/intcultaustviet.html (2017 words)

	Vietnamese Translation and Localization Services - High Quality Vietnamese to English, English to Vietnamese ...
		With Vietnamese in particular, a deep understanding of Vietnamese culture, as well as the language, is needed for translation to be successful.
		Vietnamese belongs to the Mon-Khmer branch of within the Austro-Asiatic family of language.
		The current Vietnamese alphabet has 37 letters, and can easily be identified by the number of diacritics used.
	www.advancedlanguage.com /vietnamese.htm (1051 words)

	JAARS Museum of the Alphabet: Vietnamese Alphabet
		Qúoc Ngú: A New Dimension for the Roman Alphabet
		Only Chinese was written until, in the ninth century A.D., some Vietnamese wanted to write their literature in their own language.
		In the 1940s, there was a drive toward independence and literacy for everyone in the Vietnamese language.
	www.jaars.org /museum/alphabet/galleries/vietnamese.htm (237 words)

	Amazon.ca: Colloquial Vietnamese: Books: John Moore,Tuan Duc Vuong,C. Tuan Vng (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The alphabet and tone system are also broken down for the beginner.
		Secondly, although Vietnamese uses a variant of the Latin alphabet, the untrained English speaker cannot simply read a page of written Vietnamese and pronounce the language accurately.
		The Latinized writing system used in modern Vietnamese was devised by French-speaking clerics, who adapted the Roman alphabet to Vietnamese phonetics.
	www.amazon.ca /Colloquial-Vietnamese-John-Moore/dp/0415092078 (1622 words)

	Background Essay no. 97 \| Vietnamese Language \| AskAsia.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Like Chinese, the Vietnamese language is tonal; that is, the meaning of words is changed by inflection.
		Vietnamese was transcribed into the Roman alphabet by Bishop Alexandre de Rhodes, who added a series of diacritical marks to the alphabet to indicate the five tones that characterize the Vietnamese language.
		The Vietnamese alphabet has essentially the same alphabet as English.
	www.askasia.org /teachers/essays/essay.php?no=97 (216 words)

	vietnamese is related munda language of india - Asia Finest Discussion Forum
		Presently, the written language uses the Vietnamese alphabet (quốc ngữ or "national script"), based on the Latin alphabet.
		They also have alphabets system and their writting rule is logical, just it's not written like a b c d e as latin or а б с д; е as slav....
		he claims that vietnamese and khmer people are basically the same people and have the same origins.
	www.asiafinest.com /forum/index.php?showtopic=34824 (1070 words)

	VIETNAMESE WORDS/CUSTOMS By Minh TÂM Premo
		The Vietnamese alphabet was developed by a Frenchman, based on phonetic Chinese, and the French alphabet does not have a "Long E" either.
		The Vietnamese word for a "Gathering or Party" is ÐÁM and it is an interesting custom in Vietnam is that they celebrate by having parties for major occaisions during the year: ÐÁM CUOI "Wedding Party"
		It is interesting to note that teachers are considered Vietnamese government employees and, as such, are to set the example for the community.
	www.geocities.com /tom_premo/VNwords.html (1155 words)

	Pinyin news » Blog Archive » Vietnamese culture appears shallow without Chinese characters, says Chinese ...
		Once they were introduced to the Latin alphabet, the Vietnamese dropped the character system and used romanization to spread literacy faster and wider than previously.
		Thus, the foundation for Vietnamese culture appears to be extremely superficial.” speaks for the Chinese Writers Association, I am not surprised that Gao Xinjian has to escape China to become a real writer.
		This should be an eye opening call for all the Chinese Vietnameses who thought their Chinese fellowmen had any worthy education and any culture left.
	pinyin.info /news/?p=225 (1441 words)

	Hanoi Language and Culture Tours
		The best way to learn Vietnamese is with this Vietnamese language school.
		The Vietnamese alphabet is based on the Roman alphabet.
		I had tried to learn a couple of words and phrases in Vietnamese from a phrasebook, but it is virtually impossible to pronounce anything correctly without the help of a Vietnamese.
	www.hanoilanguagetours.com (1765 words)

	Minhâs Notes: The Alphabet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The Vietnamese alphabet consists of 24 letters, including most of the letters found in English.
		The Vietnamese also recognize other letters that are not found in the alphabet as letters.
		Another thing to keep in mind is that, while these are all the letters found in the Vietnamese alphabet, they are not all the Vietnamese letters that exist.
	mxn.f2o.org /archives/2002/10/18/viet_alphabet.html (625 words)

	Vietnamese Literature Books Biographies Fiction
		This is the rather sad story of a Vietnamese family who struggles to adjust to an isolated, impoverished life in California.
		This book features a "tri-graphic" presentation of English translations alongside both the modern Vietnamese alphabet and the nearly extinct calligraphic Nom writing system in which Ho Xuan Huong originally wrote her poems.
		It's the story of a young Vietnamese girl and her mother who come to the US as refugees after the war.
	www.adoptvietnam.org /books/books-vietnam-literature.htm (1064 words)

	LOTE Vietnamese: Level 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		At level 1 students understand and use Vietnamese in topics related to themselves, home and family, for example family members, classroom routines, colours, numbers and parts of the body.
		Listening and doing activities are central, with students imitating Vietnamese, playing with sound, repeating single vowels, consonants and syllables from words, simple phrases and sentences related to pictures, objects and actions, singing songs, mime and games.
		They understand that there are things that are different (for example, word order and ways of greeting people) and things that are the same (for example, special celebrations for special days, and special names for relatives).
	csf.vcaa.vic.edu.au /lv/lslv01.htm (195 words)

	OHCHR: Vietnamese () - Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Its linguistic affiliation, however is uncertain, and though it is sometimes thought to be distantly related to Chinese, this remains to be proven.
		Like Chinese, Vietnamese is a tonal language and it has borrowed nearly half of its vocabulary from the Chinese.
		The Vietnamese alphabet was devised in the 17th century by Catholic missionaries.
	www.unhchr.ch /udhr/lang/vie.htm (103 words)

	Vietnamese alphabet - UniLang Wiki
		The Vietnamese alphabet was introduced to Vietnam by missionaries in the 1600's.
		Because Vietnamese is a tonal language, graphs are used over (and under) the written vowels to indicate the six tones.
		The use of y as a consonant is actually a reflex of the vowel finals which normally begin with i.
	home.unilang.org /wiki3/index.php/Vietnamese_alphabet (384 words)

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