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Topic: Vietnamese phonology

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	Vietnam culture links to food information, ingredients and oriental history from asia
		Vietnamese cooking is generally not as rich or heavy as the coconut milk curries, of, say, Thailand or India.
		Vietnamese culture, with the increasingly intensive integration into the world modern civilization and the preservation and enhancement of the national identity, promises to reach a new historical peak.
		The Vietnamese folk beliefs since the ancient time consist of belief in fecundity, worship of nature and worship of man. Human beings need to be reproduced, crops need to be lushly green for the nourishment and development of life, so belief in fecundity came into existence.
	asiarecipe.com /vieculture.html (5767 words)

	www.loveofasiavietnam.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		the most persuasive one argues that the vietnamese language previously belonged to the mon-khmer group of the southeast asian linguistic system, it was later transformed into viet-muong language (or old vietnamese language) and then separated to form the modern vietnamese language.
		the diverse development of the vietnamese language brought about the birth of a system of writing scripts transcribing the vietnamese language on the basis of the han characters in the 13th century, called the nom character.
		the vietnamese language is characterized by mono-phonology with a concrete, abundant acoustic and imaginary vocabulary and a proportionate, rhythmical, lively, flexible, symbolic and emotional way of statement, which tremendously facilitates artistic and literary creation.
	www.loveofasiavietnam.com /vietnam/vietnamese_languages.html (441 words)

	Mon-Khmer Languages
		Vietnamese was identified as an MK language more than 150 years ago, and there is now a solid body of work demonstrating its historical affinities.
		Vietnamese is normally described as a 6-tone language and on this basis it is often compared typologically to Chinese Min dialects and/or Tai languages.
		The explanation of the origin of Vietnamese tones was famously established by Haudricourt (1952, 1954) on the basis of comparison with Khmu, a northern MK language that preserves final stops and fricatives lost in Vietnamese.
	sealang.net /mk/vietic-intro.htm (1549 words)

	Vietnamese Information Center - vietnamese women
		Vietnamese is generally said to be part of the Viet-Muong (or Vietic) grouping of the Mon-Khmer branch of the Austroasiatic language family, a family that also includes Khmer, spoken in Cambodia, as well as various tribal and regional languages, such as the Munda languages, spoken in northeastern India, and others in southern China.
		As Chinese was, for vietnamese rap a prolonged period, the only medium of literature and government, as well as the primary language of the ruling class in Vietnam, much vietnamese weddings of the Vietnamese lexicon in all english to vietnamese realms consists of Hán Việt (Sino-Vietnamese) words.
		Vietnamese in the form of chữ nôm was used for administrative purposes vietnamese vietnamese songs culture during the brief Tay Son Dynasty.
	www.scipeeps.com /Sci-Official_Languages_T_-_Z/Vietnamese.html (3330 words)

	Vietic languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The problem is that Vietnamese emerged as a national language under circumstances of foreign domination - in 208 BC Han China made the small Mon-Khmer kingdom then located in the Red River Delta a tribute state, and later in 111 BC invaded, creating the province of "Viet Nam" or "Southern Province".
		Vietnamese is normally described as a 6 tone language, and on this basis it is often compared typologically to Chinese Min dialects and/or Tai languages.
		The explanation of the origin of Vietnamese tones was famously established by Haudricourt (1952, 1953, 1954) on the basis of comparison with Khmu, a northern MK language that preserves final stops and fricatives lost in Vietnamese.
	www.anu.edu.au /~a108009/languages/Vietic.html (1776 words)

	Vietnamese_language information. LANGUAGE SCHOOL EXPLORER
		In fact, as the vernacular language of Vietnam gradually grew in prestige toward the beginning of the second millennium, the Vietnamese language was written using Chinese characters (see Chá»¯ nÃ´m) adapted to write Vietnamese, in a similar pattern as used in Japan (kanji), Korea (hanja) and other countries in the sinosphere.
		Vietnamese in the form of chá»¯ nÃ´m was used for administrative purposes during the brief Ho and Tay Son Dynasties.
		Vietnamese vowels are all pronounced with an inherent tone (thanh or thanh Ä‘iá»u).
	www.school-explorer.com /Vietnamese (3724 words)

	Vietnamese language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Vietnamese (Vietnamese: ti&7871;ng Vi&7879;t, less commonly ti&7871;ng Vi&7879;t Nam or Vi&7879;t ng&x1EEF;), formerly known as Annamite, is the national and official language of Vietnam.
		Vietnamese is part of the Viet-Muong grouping of the Mon-Khmer branch of the Austroasiatic language family, a family that also includes Khmer, spoken in Cambodia, as well as various tribal and regional languages, such as the Munda languages, spoken in northeastern India, and others in southern China.
		In fact, as the vernacular language of Vietnam gradually grew in prestige toward the beginning of the second millennium, the Vietnamese language was written using Chinese characters (see Chu Nom) adapted to write Vietnamese, in a similar pattern as used in Japan (see kanji), Korea and other countries in the Chinese cultural sphere.
	vietnamese-language.mindbit.com (2681 words)

	Vietnamese language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Therefore Vietnamese has often been claimed to be a topic-prominent language (Thompson 1991).
		A type of assimilation known as tonal harmony is involved in Vietnamese reduplication.
		Vietnamese: Vietnamese alphabet and most frequently used one-for-one corresponding.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Vietnamese_language (3756 words)

	Tunguyen HanNom
		That is to say, a Chinese character that appears in a Vietnamese word may also serve as a syllabic stem in other word formation in Vietnamese, hence, its etymon, a Chinese cognate to those cited Vietnamese words despite of its re-occurrence frequency.
		Also, Vietnamese words displayed here are written in the new Vietnamese2020 writing system as proposed in Vietnamese2020 Writing Reform Proposal.
		[Vietnamese] may not be considered a Sinitic language or one of the Chinese dialects, but the Kinh have a lot in common with the Chinese culture, and the language leaves little to doubt.
	vny2k.com /hannom/tunguyen.asp (3403 words)

	Vietnamese
		Vietnamese is the mother tongue of sixty million people (1986 data) who call themselves nguoi Viet or nguoi kinh, and who occupy mainly the delta lowlands of their S-shaped country.
		There are also more than a million expatriate Vietnamese in Europe, North America, Australia, Japan, and elsewhere, who try to preserve their native language as part of their culture heritage.
		Genetically unrelated to Chinese, Vietnamese, belongs to the Mon-Khmer stock, which comprises Mon (spoken in Burma) and Khmer (the language of Cambodia), as well as Khmu, Bahnar, Bru and other languages of the highlands of Vietnam.
	www.saigon.com /~nguyent/hoa_04.html (507 words)

	Markedness and the Contrastive Hierarchy in Phonology
		Phonology is the study of phonemes and their phonetic realizations, and of how sounds pattern in languages.
		Third, we will extend the studies of markedness beyond the phonology, examining the relationship of markedness to both first and second language acquisition, as well as its role in language change.
		The proposal addresses issues of broad phonological significance, with consequences for the analysis of individual languages, as well as for general principles of phonology, the interfaces of phonology with syntax and phonetics, and the study of child phonology and learnability.
	www.chass.utoronto.ca /~contrast (1997 words)

	fle5795unlan.htm
		A /t/ sound in a language such as Vietnamese that is produced closer to the bottom of the upper teeth more closely approximates the English /th/ sound, the one you hear in think and three.
		For example, in Vietnamese 'cat' is 'con meo' and 'pig' is 'con heo,' 'con' being the classifier used with the names of certain animals.
		However, no such generic word as 'aunt' exists in Vietnamese, for there are different words for the various people standing in familial relationships according to the following criteria: the side of the family (mother's or father's), birth status in the parents' respective families (older or younger sibling of the parent), or relationships by marriage.
	garnet.acns.fsu.edu /~eplatt/fle5795unlan.htm (12758 words)

	Welcome to Vietnamese (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Vietnamese language has a rich development with influences from Chinese, French and other language groups, creating a diverse vocabulary for the Vietnamese language.
		The Vietnamese written language is based on the Latin alphabet, which makes Vietnamese relatively easy to learn how to read and to write.
		Vietnamese is a tonal language with different pitches.
	bama.ua.edu /~clc/vietnamese/vietnamese.htm (315 words)

	Contrast and Complexity Archive
		Kochetov, A. Phonology and phonetics of labial palatalization.
		Kochetov, A. Constraining surface variability: phonology and phonetics of labial palatalization in Polish dialects.
		Kochetov, A. Interaction of phonology and phonetics: A case of labial palatalization in Polish dialects.
	www.chass.utoronto.ca /~contrast/archive.html (1588 words)

	Phonology & Phonetics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Phonetics and Phonology are the branches of linguistics that are concerned with sounds made in the production of human language, looking at this phenomenon from different perspectives.
		A syllable is an important structural unit in phonology, with a word being organised in syllables.
		On the other hand, in so called tone-languages such as Mandarin Chinese, Vietnamese, or the African Bantu languages, tone patterns serve to express lexical distinctions, i.e.
	www2.rz.hu-berlin.de /angl/ling_pages/phonology_phonetics.html (2105 words)

	Chu Nom script
		As a result, the official written language was Classical Chinese, known as Chữ-nho (字儒) in Vietnamese, which continued to be used in Vietnam, in parallel with Chữ-nôm (字喃) and Quốc Ngữ, until about 1918.
		Sometime during the 10th century AD the Vietnamese adapted the Chinese script to write their own language and called their script 'Chữ-nôm' (southern script).
		Famous Vietnamese writers who wrote in the Chữ-nôm script include the poets Nguyen Thuyen and Nguyen Si Co (14th century) and Nguyen Trai (15th century), and HoQuy Ly (14th century) who translated Chinese textbooks into Vietnamese and wrote royal proclamations and ordinances.
	www.omniglot.com /writing/chunom.htm (465 words)

	Linguistics 30A \| Outline, 3/31/06
		Phonology is the study of sound patterns in language.
		One aspect of this is determining which sound categories in a language are cognitively distinct, and which are merely contextual variants.
		Other domains of phonology include: which sounds are changed into which other sounds under what conditions, and how a language puts consonants and vowels together into syllables.
	www.unc.edu /~jlsmith/ling30a/outlines/0331.html (549 words)

	Articles On Translation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		phonology, the morphology or even, in this case, the syntax.
		Vietnamese (tiếng Việt, or less commonly Việt ngữ[1]), formerly known under the French colonization as Annamese
		Vietnamese is generally said to be part of the Viet-Muong (or Vietic) grouping of the Mon-Khmer branch of the
	www.viettranslate.com /articles/article4.html (1810 words)

	Ethnologue report for language code:vie
		On the Shanxin, Wanwei, and Wutou peninsulas in the Jiangping Region of the Fangcheng Pan-Nationality Autonomous County on the south coast of Guangxi Province.
		Generative phonology as applied to Vietnamese dialects: a study based on Middle Vietnamese, comparing the three major dialects of Modern Vietnamese.
		O’Leary, Clare F. Language maintenance and shift in a Vietnamese refugee community: a study of attitudes and behaviors.
	www.ethnologue.com /show_language.asp?code=vie (622 words)

	James Kirby - Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Currently, I'm working on a database of reduplication in Vietnamese, and on a word-based analysis of Czech nominal morphology that takes as its point of departure some recent work by Jim Blevins.
		Vietnamese and similar languages again present a considerable challenge to traditional natural language processing because the notion of 'word', central to the Indo-European tradition upon which NLP is based, is still more or less undefined.
		There may well be some sort of phonetic metric by which we can distinguish possible phonological contrasts, and if things pattern phonologically on the basis of phonetic properties in spoken languages, we might do well to ask if they pattern phonologically on the basis of gestural properties in signed languages.
	home.uchicago.edu /~jkirby/research.html (952 words)

	Linguistics Courses
		Introductory Phonology (4) Introduction to the study of the sound patterns of language.
		These courses are designed for students with a background in the language who want to improve their oral and written expression.
		Linguistics Vietnamese: Advanced Linguistic Analysis (LIHL 134X) (2.5) Advanced structural analysis and history of Vietnamese; advanced reading and writing on a variety of topics; dialect differences and formal language styles (registers).
	www.ucsd.edu /catalog/courses/LING.html (8378 words)

	vietnamese
		A comparison is made between American and Vietnamese cultures with regard to: affection, celebrations, clothing, cooking, greetings, housing, sleeping, dating, philosophy, religion, and other topics.
		Also included is a table comparing Cambodian, Vietnamese, Lao, Hmong and American national idealistic, beliefs, families and children.
		Compiled to encourage the Vietnamese children to maintain their language, this is a tool to use for pronunciation, phonics and spelling.
	www.state.me.us /education/esl/vietnamese.htm (946 words)

	languagehat.com: VIETNAMESE NAMES.
		Vietnamese names put the family name first followed by the middle and given names.
		It is a bit heavy on diacritics and could jettison some (such as the high tone marker in syllables that end in -p, -t, -ch, -c) with no ill effect.
		Yes, Viet phonology is truly fiendish (hardest by far of any I've tackled).
	www.languagehat.com /archives/001912.php (1134 words)

	langpg4
		The Mon-Khmer languages are spoken in northeastern India, Burma, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia, Malaysia, two provinces of southern China, and the Nicobar Islands in the Indian Ocean (as well as in emigrant communities in a number of other countries across the world).
		As a result of such incursions, few nation states ever developed in the AA domain, the Khmer, Mon, and Vietnamese empires being the exceptions, and most of the AA speakers have lived and still live in small tribal groups.
		In short, the two AA subfamilies have been pulled and consequently have evolved in different directions, which makes reconstituting their original phonology and grammar a problem for historical linguists.
	home.att.net /~lvhayes/Langling/langpg4.htm (723 words)

	cv
		Vietnamese Tone: A New Analysis, New York: Routledge.
		Vietnamese tone: tone is not pitch, Ph.D. dissertation.
		Vietnamese learners: Markedness Differential Hypothesis and English consonants.
	plaza.ufl.edu /apham/cv.html (192 words)

	Review: Modern Cantonese Phonology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Modern Cantonese Phonology by Robert S. Bauer and Paul K. Benedict is the first comprehensive, English-language publication on Cantonese (Yue dialect) phonology since [Yue-] Hashimoto's Phonology of Cantonese (1972), published a quarter of a century ago and long out of print.
		Bauer and Benedict (hereafter B&B unless specific reference is to the first author) present a very detailed description of the phonetics and phonology of modern Cantonese, with "modern" to be broadly interpreted to cover the language over a fifty-year span; that is, changes since the early 1940's are chronicled in this book.
		CHAN, Marjorie K.M. Zhong-shan Phonology: A Synchronic and Diachronic Analysis of a Yue (Cantonese) Dialect.
	people.cohums.ohio-state.edu /chan9/pubn/bauer-rev.htm (3144 words)

	CV: William J. Idsardi
		Workshop on Constraints and Derivations in Phonology, University of Essex, 1995.
		Speech Perception is not Isomorphic to Phonology: The case of Perceptual Epenthesis.
		Workshop on Derivations and Constraints in Phonology, University of Essex, September 1995.
	www.ling.udel.edu /idsardi/cv.html (1820 words)

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