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Topic: Viking 1

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	Viking
		The Viking mission to Mars sent twin spacecraft to the Red Planet.
		This image shows a model of one of the Viking spacecraft, each of which was made of two parts: an orbiter and a lander.
		Once the Viking orbiters were attached to their lander pods they were positioned inside the nose cones of Titan Centaur launch vehicles.
	pds.jpl.nasa.gov /planets/welcome/viking.htm (369 words)

	Viking 1 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Viking 1 Orbiter was inserted into Mars orbit on 19 June 1976 and trimmed to a 1513 x 33,000 km, 24.66 h site certification orbit on 21 June.
		On 7 August 1980 Viking 1 Orbiter was running low on attitude control gas and its orbit was raised from 357 x 33943 km to 320 x 56000 km to prevent impact with Mars and possible contamination until the year 2019.
		The Viking 1 Lander was named the Thomas Mutch Memorial Station in January 1982 in honor of the leader of the Viking imaging team.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Viking_1 (736 words)

	Viking program - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Viking program grew from NASA's earlier, and more ambitious Voyager Mars program, which was not related to the successful Voyager deep space probes of the late 1970s.
		Viking 1 was launched on August 20, 1975, and the second craft, Viking 2, was launched on September 9, 1975, both riding atop Titan III-E rockets with Centaur upper stages.
		The primary objectives of the Viking orbiters were to transport the landers to Mars, perform reconnaissance to locate and certify landing sites, act as a communications relays for the landers, and to perform their own scientific investigations.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Viking_program (1367 words)

	Viking 1 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Viking 1 is a synthetic variety tracing to line crosses of two experimentals that had phenotypic recurrent selection for anthracnose, Fusarium wilt, Phytophthora root rot, and Verticillium wilt.
		Viking 1 is intended for use in and adapted to the Northeast, North Central, Central, and Pacific Northwest U.S. and E. Canada for hay, haylage, and dehydration purposes.
		Viking 1 has high resistance to Fusarium wilt and Verticillium wilt; resistance to anthracnose(race 1), bacterial wilt, and Phytophthora root rot; moderate resistance to pea aphid and blue aphid; and is susceptible to Aphanomyces(race 1).
	www.naaic.org /varietyaps/Viking1.HTML (266 words)

	NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
		The Viking project consisted of launches of two separate spacecraft to Mars, Viking 1, launched on 20 August 1975, and Viking 2, launched on 9 September 1975.
		The primary objectives of the Viking orbiters were to transport the landers to Mars, perform reconnaissance to locate and certify landing sites, act as a communications relays for the landers, and to perform their own scientific investigations.
		On 7 August 1980 Viking 1 Orbiter was running low on attitude control gas and its orbit was raised from 357 x 33943 km to 320 x 56000 km to prevent impact with Mars and possible contamination until the year 2019.
	nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov /database/MasterCatalog?sc=1975-075A (930 words)

	NASA - Viking
		The mission, which launched in 1975, was composed of two spacecraft, Viking 1 and Viking 2, each consisting of an orbiter and a lander.
		Viking 1 arrived at Mars on June 19, 1976.
		Viking 2 was launched Sept. 9, 1975 and entered Mars orbit on Aug. 7, 1976.
	www.nasa.gov /mission_pages/viking/index.html (417 words)

	MarsNews.com :: Viking (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Each of the two Viking spacecraft was composed an orbiter designed to map the entire surface of Mars, and a lander with a sophisticated biological laboratory onboard to search for evidence of biological activity in the soil.
		Viking 1 was launched on August 20, 1975 and Viking 2 on September 9, 1975, both using Titan III/Centaur launch vehicles.
		Viking 1 was scheduled to land on July 4, 1976 to help celebrate the nation’s bicentennial.
	www.marsnews.com /missions/viking (809 words)

	Exploring Mars: Viking 1 & 2 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Hence the first pair of orbiters and landers, Viking 1, were launched on August 20, 1975, followed on September 9 of that year by the second set, dubbed Viking 2.
		June 19, 1976, and the Viking 1 lander separated from the orbiter, and touched down in a moderately cratered, low-lying volcanic plain called Chryse Planitia, the drainage region of a large outflow channel.
		Likewise, Viking 2 separated from its lander on September 3, 1976, and landed 6,460 kilometers (4,014 miles) away in Utopia Planitia, another rock-strewn desert at 47.67 degrees north latitude and 225.74 degrees longitude.
	www.exploringmars.com /missions/viking (323 words)

	Viking 1, 2
		The Viking project consisted of launches of two separate spacecraft to Mars, Viking 1, launched on 20 August 1975, and Viking 2, launched on 9 September 1975.
		Normal operations called for the structure connecting the orbiter and lander (the bioshield) to be ejected after separation, but because of problems with the separation the bioshield was left attached to the orbiter.
		The Viking 2 Lander operated on the surface for 1281 Mars days and was turned off on April 11, 1980 when its batteries failed.
	www.skyrocket.de /space/doc_sdat/viking-1.htm (2132 words)

	Station Information - Viking 1
		The Viking 1 Orbiter was inserted into Mars orbit on 19 June 1976 and trimmed to a 1513 x 33,000 km, 24.66 hr site certification orbit on 21 June.
		Minor orbit adjustments were done occasionally over the course of the mission, primarily to change the walk rate - the rate at which the planetocentric longitude changed with each orbit, and the periapsis was raised to 357 km on 20 July 1979.
		It was determined that this would limit surface heating to no more than 1 degree C and that no more than 1 mm of the surface material would be stripped away.
	www.stationinformation.com /encyclopedia/v/vi/viking_1.html (538 words)

	Viking Mars Lander - Milestones of Flight
		Viking 1 began its 10-month journey to Mars on August 20, 1975.
		Viking 1 landed on July 20, 1976; Viking 2 landed on September 3.
		Biological experiments on the Viking landers did not detect signs of life or any of the organic compounds that are abundant on Earth.
	www.nasm.si.edu /exhibitions/GAL100/viking.html (294 words)

	Mars Missions: Viking 1 & 2 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Viking 1 arrived at Mars on June 19, 1976, entered orbit, and proceeded to take pictures of the surface.
		The Viking 1 lander separated from the orbiter and touched down successfully on the western slopes of Chryse Planitia on July 20, the seventh anniversary of the Apollo 11 moon landing.
		Viking 1 orbiter was deactivated two years later, when it ran out of altitude-control propellant.
	www.earthandspace.org /viking1.htm (579 words)

	Viking 1 - 1976
		The Viking 1 lander touchs down on Mars' Chryse Planitia (the Plains of Gold), becoming the first spacecraft to land safely on another planet.
		Viking 1 and Viking 2, which lands about 45 days later in a different location, take photographs and collect other science data on the Martian surface.
		Viking 1 orbiter also flies within 90 kilometers (56 miles) of Phobos to take images of this larger, inner moon of Mars.
	www.jpl.nasa.gov /history/70s/Viking1_1976.htm (145 words)

	Viking Embroidery
		In fact, eastern Viking embroidery (more properly, "textile surface decoration") involved only one or two techniques which are likely to have been worked with a needle, i.e., stemstitch, surface couching, and possibly some forms of ösenstich (mesh stitch), of which several varieties have been identified.
		Based on the survival in the grave of both wool and silk textiles, she concludes that the cloth was additionally embroidered with linen thread (166), which is especially prone to decay in burials.
		The most characteristically Viking of the lot is a running strip of stylized round human faces placed vertically; each face is executed in outline form, about three inches across, and they are interlaced with small hands and looping bits of what looks like vinework.
	www.cs.vassar.edu /~capriest/vikembroid.html (2881 words)

	Viking
		NASA's Viking Mission to Mars was composed of two spacecraft, Viking 1 and Viking 2.
		Viking 1 was launched on August 20, 1975 and arrived at Mars on June 19, 1976.
		Viking 2 entered Mars orbit on August 7, 1976 and the Viking Lander 2 touched down at Utopia Planitia on September 3, 1976.
	www.solarviews.com /eng/viking.htm (757 words)

	Viking -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		The Viking project was the first planetary exploration mission to transmit pictures from the Martian surface.
		Viking 1 and Viking 2, which lifted off on August 20 and September 9, 1975, respectively, each comprised an instrumented orbiter and lander.
		The Viking galley was built with overlapping planks (a type of construction called clinker-built), put together with iron nails and caulked with tarred rope to keep out water.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9075342?source=RSSOTD (785 words)

	Army Technology - Viking (BvS10) Armoured All Terrain Vehicle
		Viking (BvS10) is a fully amphibious armoured all-terrain vehicle, which consists of two tracked vehicle units linked by a steering mechanism.
		The Viking vehicle, which can operate in temperatures from —46°C to +46°C, was selected for its multi-role and world-wide operational capability in jungle, desert and Arctic conditions and for rapid deployment.
		The Viking's speed on flat terrain is comparable to that of a modern infantry fighting vehicle.
	www.army-technology.com /projects/viking (1340 words)

	The Surface of Mars as Seen by Viking
		The summer of 1976 was filled with excitement for planetary scientists as the Viking landers touched down upon the surface of the red planet.
		Viking Lander 2 used its sampler arm to dig these two trenches in the regolith.
		Viking Lander 2 is far enough north that frost deposits form on the surface during winter.
	www.solarviews.com /eng/marssurf.htm (1229 words)

	Mars - The Viking Mission - Exploring The Planets
		Viking Lander on display in the Milestones of Flight Gallery at the National Air and Space Museum.
		The Viking 1 and 2 Orbiters studied Mars from orbit for six and four years respectively, returning thousands of images of the planet.
		In 1980 Lander 1 was named the Mutch Memorial Station, in honor of Thomas A. Mutch, one of the chief scientists for the mission.
	www.nasm.si.edu /research/ceps/etp/mars/viking.html (179 words)

	Viking Costumes 1 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		As I have been working with Viking Age reconstructions and re-enactment for some years, I have taken a special interest in Viking costumes, as they are important for creating a feeling of a certain period.
		The Viking costume is a direct product of the technology, access to raw materials, aesthetic values, living conditions and ways of showing social rank and affiliation of this time.
		Judging from Viking Age depictions of women, and the fact that metal belt buckles are rarely found in female graves, I find it likey that an apron tied at the waist could have been worn together with the sleeveless garment.
	www.spirit-of-the-past.com /vikingcostumes1.html (2164 words)

	Viking Missions (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Viking 1 and 2 were two identical spacecraft launched on August 20, 1975 (Viking 1) and September 9, 1975 (Viking 2).
		Viking Lander 1 touched down on the Chryse Planitia, which is about 1300 kilometers north of the equator.
		Viking was designed with three different biology experiments: carbon assimilation, gas exchange, and label release.
	www-rohan.sdsu.edu /~gatto/mars/viking.htm (772 words)

	House and home
		In the Viking Age, as before and long after, the vast majority of people in northern Europe were farmers who lived by tilling the land and grazing livestock.
		Another type of Viking Age house is called the Trelleborg type after the houses found in the most famous of the circular forts in Denmark (no. 20).
		The most common fixtures within Viking houses were wide wooden benches along the walls for sitting or sleeping and, of course, the central hearth, the focal point of the house, which provided not only heat and light but also the means of cooking.
	viking.hgo.se /Files/VikHeri/Viking_Age/house.html (759 words)

	Catalog Page for PIA08616
		The initial observations of the location of Viking 1, as originally determined by members of the Viking science team based on sightlines to various crater rims seen in the lander images (fl lines), did not show the detailed features we knew from the lander pictures (middle) to be in the area.
		Using geodetic measurements, the late Merton Davies of the RAND Corporation, a MGS MOC Co-Investigator, suggested that we should image areas to the east and north of where Viking 1 was thought to be.
		The MOC image of the Viking 1 lander site (right) was acquired during a test of the MGS Pitch and Roll Observation (PROTO) technique conducted on 11 May 2003.
	photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov /catalog/PIA08616 (587 words)

	Mars Exploration: Missions
		NASA's Viking Project found a place in history when it became the first U.S. mission to land a spacecraft safely on the surface of Mars and return images of the surface.
		The Viking 1 lander touched down on the western slope of Chryse Planitia (the Plains of Gold), while the Viking 2 lander settled down at Utopia Planitia.
		Viking Orbiter 1 continued for four years and 1,489 orbits of Mars, concluding its mission August 7, 1980, while Viking Orbiter 2 functioned until July 25, 1978.
	marsprogram.jpl.nasa.gov /missions/past/viking.html (379 words)

	Mars overview
		The Viking Landers and the Surface of Mars
		Viking Lander 1, the Thomas Mutch Memorial station, resides on the south west slope of the large Chryse basin.
		On the Viking landers, similar atmospheric temperature measurement problems occurred even though the lander was painted white.
	www-k12.atmos.washington.edu /k12/resources/mars_data-information/mars_overview.html (1995 words)

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