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Topic: Viking Age

	Viking Age Club & Society - Sons of Norway
		The Viking Age Club and Society-Sons of Norway was formed to study the history of the Vikings and to lecture to the public about the true facts of this era.
		The Viking Age Club and Society-Sons of Norway is a non-profit educational organization based out of Sons of Norway Lodge #1-517.
		The lounge was filled with Viking age motifs such as a horned helmet, a sword and an axe.
	www.vikingage.com (508 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Viking Age
		The term Viking commonly denotes the ship-borne warriors and traders of Norsemen (literally, men from the north) who originated in Scandinavia and raided the coasts of the British Isles and mainland Europe as far east as the Volga River in Russia from the late 8th-11th century.
		The name Viking is a loan from the native Scandinavian term for the Norse seafaring warriors who raided the coasts of Scandinavia, Europe and the British Isles from the late 8th century to the 11th century, the period of European history referred to as the Viking Age.
		The newly founded Viking settlement at Cork was destroyed and in 849 the Norse territory of Dublin was ravaged by Máel Seachnaill.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Viking-Age (851 words)

	Hurstwic: Viking History
		One of the missions of Hurstwic is to educate the public on topics related to the Viking Age.
		In addition, we have created a short reading list of introductory texts on Viking age topics, for both children and adults.
		We ask that any copyright holders who feel their intellectual property is being used improperly to contact us so that we can either make proper arrangements to use the material, or so that we can remove the material in question.
	www.hurstwic.org /history/text/history.htm (242 words)

	VIN - Centre for the Study of the Viking Age - The University of Nottingham
		The Viking Age is traditionally seen as the aggressive, militaristic expansion of a Scandinavian seafaring and warrior culture with imperialist ambitions.
		‘Viking’ women in particular could be of Scandinavian origin or from the receiving societies, and this raises questions of cultural and linguistic transmission and translation, acculturation and hybridisation.
		Both the Viking Age sculpture of the British Isles and medieval Icelandic literature represent the intercultural dialogue of the new Christian religion with the old pagan one.
	www.nottingham.ac.uk /english/csva/vin (841 words)

	Internet :: Recreation :: Living History :: By Historical Region :: Europe :: Viking Age - Tu Tiempo .net (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Fröjel Discovery Programme - A study of Viking Age harbours and trade, which includes the excavation of one of the largest and most important trading places on Gotland during the Viking era.
		Viking Resources for the Re-enactor - Historical and reenactment reference articles on the civil and military life of the classical Viking age, including introductory information, culture, textiles, clothing, and cooking.
		The Vikings - Society recreates an accurate portrayal of everyday and military Viking life in the Tenth Century, with some events between 790 to 1066 with appropriate modifications to dress and equipment, for reenactments, films, and educational programs.
	www.tutiempo.net /Internet/Directorio/Recreation/Living_History/By_Historical_Region/Europe/Viking_Age (475 words)

	The Mariners' Museum: Newport News, Virginia
		Viking ships are the earliest vessels known to have crossed the Atlantic.
		What we know of the explorations of Eric the Red and Leifr Eiriksson was written down centuries later in sagas (prose narratives recording the deeds of historic and legendary figures and events in the heroic age of Norway and Iceland) that were passed down from generation to generation.
		In time, the Skraelings became unfriendly and the Vikings were forced to abandon their colony and return to Greenland.
	www.mariner.org /educationalad/ageofex/viking_disc.php (452 words)

	Family Ancestry Vikings Viking Age
		Viking warriors are stereotyped as tall, blonde, dirty savages who pillaged, slain and raided villages and communities.
		However, the Vikings are actually pirates, raiders, tradesmen and seafarers of Scandinavian origin who proceeded to travel through different parts of Europe when they left their homeland.
		Although they did raid and pillage towns and villages during the Viking Age, they also contributed to the exploration of new land, as well as the development of towns and villages with their trading skills.
	www.family-ancestry.co.uk /history/vikings/viking_age (413 words)

	Vikings - A brief history
		Another theory is that the Vikings were just greedy and driven by oppertunism they took advantage of the instability of the rest of Europe to take over land and other properties.
		The Vikings that left Norway and Denmark moved to the south towards the British Isles and Ireland whereas the Swedish Vikings mainly traveled east into Russia and down Volga to the Black Sea and Constantinople.
		Vikings from Norway and Denmark colonized the Shetlands and Orkneys, the Isle of Man and conquered three of Englands four kingdoms.
	www.vikingart.com /Vikings.htm (463 words)

	Viking Longphorts in Ireland. (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Viking interaction in Ireland was therefore to be different to that in other areas of contact which had more developed political systems.
		Viking age silver occurs in Ireland either as single finds or as hoards containing coins, ornaments, ingots and hack silver.
		Viking Bases in the 830 and 840s at: Indber Dee (Arklow or Wicklow), Lough Neagh, Annagassan, Dublin, Narrow Water and Strangford Lough, Co. Down, Lough Ree on the Shannon, and at Cork and Limerick.
	www.ncte.ie /viking/vikarch.htm (1418 words)

	LEVS : Viking FAQs : Clothing
		The exact types of clothing that were worn during the Viking Age varied by region and season, but below is a general answer: Men and boys wore a tunic, trousers, shoes of leather (if wealthy enough), socks, and usually a belt.
		Vikings liked color and nearly every piece of clothing was dyed, which depended on what area they lived in and what plants were available to use for dyes.
		A wealthy Viking might have a chain mail jacket or headpiece to protect him in battle, but it was very costly, so not too many normal Vikings had it.
	www.vikingship.org /ourfaqs/clothing_1.html (1274 words)

	[No title]
		At the end of the Viking age, Christianity was generally accepted in the Nordic countries.
		This is even further from Vikings, because the story is a Celtic, not a Germanic, legend.
		The swords are considered based mostly on the shape and decoration of the pommels, hilts and handles, while other aspects, such as length, balance and weight of the blade, are touched upon lightly or not at all.
	www.lycos.com /info/vikings--viking-age.html (336 words)

	General information about Sweden.
		Vikings also founded kingdoms in Russia and built trade stations along the rivers all the way down to the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea.
		The Vikings, who from birth were taught how to fight well (and encouraged by their religion to do it) and how to manouvre a boat (which by the way was by far the best ever built in Europe by that time, possibly even the best in the world), were given rather easy targets.
		When they started to take horses on board the boats, the Vikings were more or less invincible when attacking a town, especially as the attacks came very suddenly and often from the open sea by boats which could travel at a good 15 knots all the way in to the shore.
	www.luth.se /luth/present/sweden/history/viking_age/Viking_age1.html (1697 words)

	[No title]
		The last of the Viking Age garments to be listed here is the Viborg linen smock dating to the eleventh century that was found at Viborg Søndersø, Denmark.
		This smock has the split sides of a type of Viking Age garment defined by Hägg (1984, 177) as an undergarment; it is...
		The earliest Viking Age find containing a rich trove of carved wood items, the Oseberg Ship Burial, did not suddently appear out of nothing as a full-blown art - instead, it is the result of a long tradition over time.
	www.lycos.com /info/viking--viking-age.html (598 words)

	Viking Answer Lady Webpage - Woodworking in the Viking Age
		The Viking Age draw knife could also be used as a gouge to remove wood from the inside of a trough or bowl, for instance.
		The Viking Age wood-carvers possessed this knowledge as appears, for instance, from the fact that maple was used for the animal head posts with the finest details.
		Surviving Viking Age beds can be divided into two broad categories: free-standing beds, and beds which have one or more sides attached to the wall of the room or structure in which the bed is built.
	www.vikinganswerlady.com /wood.shtml (11178 words)

	Mediaeval Sword - Virtual Museum (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Germanic Iron Age (Migration Period) ~ 400 to 700 AD The swords of this time evolved from the Teutonic swords in evidence in the later Roman Iron Age and average 33 to 37 inches in overall length including a 4 to 5 inch long tang.
		Viking Age ~ 700 to 1066 AD Viking swords average about 37 inches in length overall and will, especially toward the later part of the period, show increasing taper towards the point and a deeper central fuller in the center of each blade face.
		Behmer (1939) for the Migration Period, by the Petersen (1918) classification for Viking Age swords and by Oakeshott's classification for later swords.
	www.aiusa.com /medsword/virtmus.html (736 words)

	Viking Answer Lady Webpage - Viking Age Hairstyles, Haircare, and Personal Grooming
		Although the popular image of the people of the Viking Age is one of wild-haired, dirty savages, this is a false perception.
		Aside from Ibn Fadlan, almost all sources indicate that the Vikings were the among the cleanliest of all Europeans during the Middle Ages.
		Double-sided combs from the Viking Age, whether one piece or composite construction, usually have fine teeth on one side of the comb and coarser teeth on the other.
	www.vikinganswerlady.com /hairstyl.shtml (3794 words)

	Viking Shoe Pattern
		Viking shoes/footwear have the same problems in reconstruction as any other Viking artefact, in that, alot of them are from rich grave finds, so therefore, they probably belonged to rich Vikings and not your normal, `Viking in the Street'.
		A Viking shoe is typically made from two pieces of leather, a sole and an upper, with sometimes an insert of leather (if the shoemaker did not cut the pattern out correctly or the pattern does not allow for a certain shape of shoe, unless you have an insert).
		Viking shoes going baggy can be a pain, but it is extremely authentic, for more than just the reason of appearance.
	www.visi.com /~norseman/viking_shoe.html (1183 words)

	Vikings: Journey to New Worlds \| The Viking Age
		The Viking Age was a time of great expansion for the people in the Norse homelands of Norway, Sweden and Denmark.
		Viking settlers move to the Orkneys, the Shetlands and the Faeroe Islands.
		Vikings attack Constantinople twice: the Byzantine emperors, impressed by the Viking armies, recruit Viking warriors as a personal guard, the Varangian Guard.
	www.smm.org /vikings/vikingage.php (387 words)

	Denmark - History - The Viking Age
		The Viking raids culminated in the 880s with a prolonged siege of Paris.
		Farming during the Viking Age was predominantly based on animal husbandry, and the villages moved within their surrounding area at intervals of some hundreds of years.
		These moves ceased in the centuries after the Viking Age, and it was only then, in connection with a transition to grain cultivation which entailed extensive land clearing, that the division of the large farms into smaller plots began.
	www.um.dk /Publikationer/UM/English/Denmark/kap6/6-2.asp (2064 words)

	.: Gotland Viking Island :. (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In the surroundings are remains that indicate a harbour from the Viking and Early Medieval period.
		One of Sweden’s best-preserved Viking Age farmsteads, with house foundations, wells and graves, as well as reconstruction of a medieval farm building.
		A Viking Age harbour and trading place where archaeological investigations so far have unearthed more than 38.000 objects from the grave fields and the settlement.
	www.vikinggotland.com /eng/places.shtml (726 words)

	Viking Brooches & Rings
		This brooch is of a style very typical of the Viking Age.
		It is of the Urnes style which was the final ornament style of the Viking period.
		This ring style is very typical of the Viking Age.
	www.viking-shield.com /brooches.html (377 words)

	Jelling in the viking age
		housand years ago in the middle of the viking period Jelling was – at least for a few decades – the residence of the Danish Kings, but perhaps Kings earlier have hat their residence here.
		These ships that often hold a funeral are quite common in the viking period of time, but this must have been unusually large, the largest ever known.
		Though the inferior part, you may sucessfully fight a war for some time, but this was not enough for the vikings; they built fortresses and stayed during winter so they didn`t have to waste their time sailing to and from Denmark.
	www.vikingworld.dk /jellinge.htm (2314 words)

	HS2380 – Viking-Age Scandinavia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Jørgensen, L.B. Trabjerg: A Viking Age Settlement in North-West Jutland.
		Wallace, B.L. The Viking Settlement at L’Anse aux Meadows.
		Sørensen, A. Ladby – A Danish Ship-Grave from the Viking Age.
	www.cf.ac.uk /hisar/modules/HS2380 (3063 words)

	Viking Trader: Pendants & Brooches
		It dates from the Viking Age and is displayed in the Danish National Museum, Copenhagen.
		Cast cross from Iceland, Viking Age, 900-1000 A.D. The mouth of the animal forms the axis on the longest arm of the cross.
		Gold bracteate from late Germanic Iron Age (the Great Migration of Teutonic Tribes), about 500 A.D. The original is gold and is from a treasure of 20 gold bracelets and a large decorative needle found in 1966 in Zealand, Denmark.
	www.vikingtrader.net /pendants.html (1957 words)

	Reconstructing the Costume of the Viking Age. - Viktoria Persdotter
		When reconstructing the Viking Age costume, one must also bear in mind that what today is regarded as "vikingish" and often seen in popular interpretaions of this period, in most cases, has no archaeological counterpart.
		On the Viking Age farms it was customary to have a bath- house, and in saga literature bathing and washing is often mentioned.
		The Viking Age costume is namely not a phenomenon on its own, but a part of the society where it was made and worn.
	www.frojel.com /Documents/Document04.html (1076 words)

	Viking Age Dyestuffs
		Later it became part of "Textiles and Clothing in the Viking Age," a chapter I wrote in 1997 for the on-site training manual for the open-air museum staff at the site of the Viking landfall at l'Anse aux Meadows, Newfoundland.
		Wool, the chief textile fiber of the Viking Age, was available in white as well as many different natural shades of browns and greys.
		A report on the analysis of 220 samples of Viking Age textiles mentions 90 samples which yielded evidence of dyes.
	www.cs.vassar.edu /~capriest/vikdyes.html (1723 words)

	The Briese-Bane Vikings Information Centre
		The Normans are perhaps the best known descendents of the Vikings, and their descendents conquered England in 1066.
		Saga Vikings is a Viking Club established in 1996 at Woody Point - near Brisbane - in Queensland Australia.
		Gloria Farley has written about the Vikings in the USA - about alleged "Viking Stones" allegedly found in various places in the USA - some are believed to be hoaxes - interesting.
	homepage.powerup.com.au /~rhayes/vikingb/vikingsh.htm (962 words)

	Home - Centre for the Study of the Viking Age - The University of Nottingham
		About Us The Centre for the Study of the Viking Age fosters, develops and coordinates research into all aspects of the Viking Age, with special emphasis on Scandinavian contacts with the British Isles, and on literary and linguistic sources for the period.
		Recent and current projects focus on issues of migration and identity in the Viking Age, including an ESF-funded exploratory workshop on Migration and Transcultural Identities in the Viking Age, the AHRC-funded Viking Identities Network, and the Disease and Disability in Northern Europe Network.
		The Viking Identities Network is challenging the traditional view of the period as the aggressive, militaristic expansion of a Scandinavian seafaring and warrior culture with imperialist ambitions.
	www.nottingham.ac.uk /english/csva (252 words)

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