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	Viktor Shklovsky - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Shklovsky developed the concept of ostranenie or defamiliarization in literature.
		The technique of art is to make objects ‘unfamiliar’, to make forms difficult, to increase the difficulty and length of perception because the process of perception is an aesthetic end in itself and must be prolonged.
		Shklovsky's work pushes Russian Formalism towards understanding literary activity as integral parts of social practice, an idea that becomes important in the work of Mikhail Bakhtin and Russian and Prague School scholars of semiotics.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Viktor_Shklovsky (303 words)

	Bookslut \| The Third Factory by Viktor Shklovsky
		Viktor Shklovsky (1893-1984) was one of the key figures in -- and most vocal exponents of -- the critical movement that has come to be known as Russian Formalism.
		When Shklovsky wrote Third Factory, it was after the narrow and equivocal official rejection of a motion by proletarian writers’ organization Oktiabr’ to have the work of the proletariat recognized as the only legitimate representation of Soviet literature.
		Shklovsky is of that generation for whom ‘plot-oriented prose still exists and will continue to exist, but it has been consigned to the attic’.
	www.bookslut.com /fiction/2003_12_001164.php (823 words)

	languagehat.com: TRANSLATING SHKLOVSKY.
		Russian Formalism in some senses began with a lecture by Shklovsky entitled "The Place of Futurism in the History of Language," delivered when he was still a young student, on December 23, 1913, at the Stray Dog Cabaret, a center of theatrical experimentation.
		Here Shklovsky quotes a passage from Tolstoy's diary of 1897 in which the writer remarks how it is often the case that with a routine task such as dusting the room one cannot recall whether one has dusted the divan or not.
		Shklovsky's Russian text is actorless: he doesn't say who is supposed to see, to recognize, and to perceive, which is the source of the ambiguity.
	www.languagehat.com /archives/001802.php (1059 words)

	Dalkey Archive Press: Viktor Shklovsky
		Viktor Shklovsky's 1925 book Theory of Prose might have become the most important work of literary criticism in the twentieth century had not two obstacles barred its way: the crackdown by Soviet dictatorship on Shklovsky and other Russian Formalists in the 1930s, and the unavailability of an English translation.
		Viktor Shklovsky was an originator and leading theoretician of Russian Formalism in the early part of the twentieth century.
		Shklovsky was in the habit of sending Elsa several letters a day, a situation she accepted under one condition: he was forbidden to write about love.
	www.centerforbookculture.org /dalkey/backlist/shklovsky.html (1337 words)

	Russian Formalism
		A clear illustration of this, may be provided by the main argument of one of Viktor Shklovsky's -the founder of the OPOJAZ- early text, "Art as Device" (Iskusstvo kak priem, 1916): art is a sum of literary and artistic devices, that the artist manipulates to craft his work.
		Shklovsky's main objective in "Art as Device" is to dispute the conception of literature and literary criticism common in Russia at that time.
		The aim of Shklovsky is therefore to isolate and define something specific to literature (or "poetic language"): this, as we saw, are the "devices" who make up the "artfulness" of literature.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/r/ru/russian_formalism.html (649 words)

	Trevor Pateman: "English Formalism and Russian Formalism: Clive Bell and Viktor Shklovsky"
		Shklovsky himself was a creative artist as well as a theorist, and his subject matter is central human experiences.
		In the sketch of a contrast between Clive Bell and Viktor Shklovsky, I find I have indicated - in a way I did not foresee at the outset - some reasons for thinking that their formalisms are really quite different.
		In contrast, Shklovsky's theory is one which attributes to art the function of re-integrating us with a life from which we have become estranged.
	www.selectedworks.co.uk /formalism.html (2914 words)

	Barney Latimer, Shklovsky the Postmodernist (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Shklovsky’s overt theoretical project, to demonstrate how literature can sharpen the reader’s dulled perceptions by re-presenting the familiar in new and unsettling ways, anticipates the methods that later theorists use in their attempts to get us to read the world in new ways, to bring to the surface occluded narratives of power and coercion.
		Shklovsky’s mercurial imagination, however, ultimately turned the technological models he employed into yet further sources of vivid imagery to be exploited when most advantageous, to be set aside when some other unrelated image – be it dance, or plowing, or a candy bar – proved more immediately evocative.
		Shklovsky’s theory of defamiliarization would not be nearly as convincing as it is were it not communicated by such a restless voice, one that is never quite content to settle within the boundaries of its own hypotheses.
	www.gradnet.de /papers/pomo2.archives/pomo99.papers/Latimer99.htm (5749 words)

	Samuel D. Eisen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Eikhenbaum's skeptical distance and Shklovsky's resigned and cynical rationalizations about art and politics proved more effective as a "safe conduct" through the period of Stalinization than the appeal to ideological legitimacy of their polemical opponents.
		In the following chapter I explore Shklovsky's insight that the conscious ideological submission of the writer to the new regime is fundamentally misguided because of the inherent freedom of art to betray the adopted ideology of both author and client.
		Shklovsky, by contrast, shows how Tolstoy, in spite of his consciously reactionary goals in writing War and Peace, was outwitted by his own artistic irony and became a Soviet classic and model for the fellow traveller.
	aatseel.org /dissertations/literature/eisens.html (295 words)

	Zoo or Letters Not About Love (Russian Literature (Dalkey Archive)) (Viktor Borisovich Shklovskii , Richard Sheldon , ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Viktor Shklovsky's epistolary novel "Zoo," written and published in Berlin 1922-1923, is one of the most remarkable and ingenuous epistolary novels ever written, for the very reason that it manages a cross-over between theory and literature as well as between fiction and life.
		Shklovsky composed the little book in Berlin after fleeing from the Soviet Union, and it is a document of his own intermediary existence in the limbo of exile as well as a kind of ethnography of `Russian Berlin'.
		With regard to the notion of a `dialogue' between theory and literature, it is highly significant that Shklovsky chose the dialogic genre of the epistolary novel for his critifictional enterprise.
	www.interference.com /webstore/us/product/1564783111.htm (506 words)

	Alibris: Viktor Shklovsky
		by Shklovsky, Victor, and Shklovsky, Viktor, and Sher, Benjamin, Mr.
		Shklovsky's book anticipates much structuralist and post-structuralist thought, and the questions it poses concerning the nature of fiction are as vital today as they were in the 1920s.
		Borrowing his title from Laurence Sterne, Viktor Shklovsky's A Sentimental Journey describes the travels of a bewildered intellectual through Russia, Persia, the Ukraine, and the Caucasus during the period of the Russian Revolution.
	www.alibris.com /search/books/author/Shklovsky,Viktor (252 words)

	Viktor Shklovsky -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		He was born in (A city in the European part of Russia; 2nd largest Russian city; located at the head of the Gulf of Finland; former capital of Russia) St.
		In addition to literary criticism and biographies about such authors as (English writer (born in Ireland) (1713-1766)) Laurence Sterne, (additional info and facts about Maxim Gorky) Maxim Gorky, (additional info and facts about Lev Tolstoy) Lev Tolstoy and Vladimir Mayakovsky, he wrote a number of semi-autobiographical works disguised as fiction.
		Shklovsky developed the concept of ostranenie or (additional info and facts about defamiliarization) defamiliarization in literature.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/v/vi/viktor_shklovsky.htm (284 words)

	Shklovsky - new and used books
		Horak 941: Shklovsky's* reminiscences are of great value in that they contain the theoretical reflections of a former Formalist on Futurist Art.
		In part it is a memoir of the three "Factories" that influenced his development as a human being and as a writer, yet the events depicted within the book are fictionalised and conveyed with the poetic verve and playfulness of form that have made Shklovsky a major figure in twentieth-century world literature.
		In part it is a memoir of the three "Factories" that influenced his development as a human being and as a writer, yet the events depicted within the book are fictionalized and conveyed with the poetic verve and playfulness of form that have made Shklovsky a major figure in twentieth-century world literature.
	www.isbn.pl /A-shklovsky (847 words)

	Victor Shklovsky
		Victor Shklovsky was born in St, Petersburg, Russia, on 12th January, 1893.
		Shklovsky wrote about literature and influenced a generation of young writers in Russia.
		In these books Shklovsky argued that "literature is a collection of stylistic and formal devices that force the reader to view the world afresh by presenting old ideas or mundane experiences in new, unusual ways".
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /RUSshklovsky.htm (244 words)

	Esfir Shub and the Film Factory-Archive
		Leftist theorists and filmmakers such as Viktor Shklovsky, Dziga Vertov, and Esfir Shub were three among a number of people who exploited the symbolic potential of the term.
		Viktor Shklovsky likewise demonstrated that this debate contains some of the most significant early theorizing on the nature of documentary.
		Shklovsky called for lengthening the take, and this is in fact considered one of the main formal achievements of Shub.
	www.latrobe.edu.au /screeningthepast/stp17/newfirstrelease/fr17/JMfr17a.html (11746 words)

	ipedia.com: Viktor Shklovsky Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Viktor Borisovich Shklovsky was a Russian and Soviet critic, writer, and pamphleteer.
		Viktor Borisovich Shklovsky (1893 - 1984) was a Russian and Soviet critic, writer, and pamphleteer.
		He was the founder of the OPOJAZ (Obscestvo isucenija POeticeskogo JAZyka), one of the two groups, with the Moscow Linguistic Circle, which made up "Russian Formalism".
	www.ipedia.com /viktor_shklovsky.html (119 words)

	Viktor Borisovich Shklovsky -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Educated at the University of St. Petersburg, Shklovsky helped found OPOYAZ, the Society for the Study of Poetic Language, in 1914.
		The Russian parliament elected Viktor Chernomyrdin prime minister in December 1992 and reelected him in August 1996.
		Vladislav Volkov was born in Moscow in 1935.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9067453 (575 words)

	Click opera - June 22nd, 2004
		Ostranenie is the term Russian Formalist Viktor Shklovsky gave to the way art deliberately makes things strange in order to make us see them afresh.
		A classic instance of this would be the mingled fascination and disgust many people feel when confronted with a transsexual; that is someone whose sense of themselves is at odds in a very deep way with their apparent [to others] gender identity...
		Shklovsky, writing in the exciting early days of an experimental new state, the Soviet Union, saw no need to advocate 'keeping it real' or 'staying true to one's roots'.
	www.livejournal.com /users/imomus/2004/06/22 (1013 words)

	Viktor Borisovich Shklovsky -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia you can trust!
		He was also connected with the Serapion Brothers, a collection of writers that began meeting in Petrograd (St. Petersburg) in 1921.
		In O teori prozy (1925; “On the Theory of Prose”) and Metod pisatelskogo masterstva (1928; “The Technique of the Writer's Craft”), Shklovsky argued that literature is a collection of stylistic and formal devices that force the reader to view the world afresh by presenting old ideas or mundane experiences in new, unusual ways.
		Shklovsky also wrote autobiographical novels, chiefly Sentimentalnoye puteshestvie: vospominaniya (A Sentimental Journey: Memoirs, 1917–1922), a widely acclaimed memoir of life during the early years of Bolshevik rule; and Zoo.
	www.britannica.com /ebc/article-9067453 (832 words)

	Babelguides: Russian Literature
		While living in exile in Berlin, Viktor Shklovsky fell in love with Elsa Triolet (the "Alya" of thi s novel).
		In part it is a memoir of the three "Factories" that influenced his development as a human being and as a writer, yet the events depicted within the book are fict ionalized and conveyed with the poetic verve and (more...)
		Viktor Shklovsky's 1925 book Theory of Prose might have become the most important work of literary criticism in the twentieth century had not two obstacles barred its way: the crackdown by Soviet dictatorship on Shklovsky and other Russian Formalists in the 1930s, and the unavailab (more...)
	www.babelguides.com /view/lit/russ (477 words)

	Richard Sheldon
		"The Itinerary of Viktor Shklovsky's A Sentimental Journey," forthcoming in Proceedings of the Norwich Conference, 1994.
		Viktor Shklovsky: An International Bibliography of Works by and about Him, Ann Arbor: Ardis Press, 1977 (comp.).
		A Sentimental Journey, by Viktor Shklovsky, Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1970; 2nd ed.
	www.dartmouth.edu /~russian/faculty/rsheldon.html (243 words)

	Babelguides: Theory of Prose
		Viktor Shklovsky's 1925 book Theory of Prose might have become the most important work of literary criticism in the twentieth century had not two obstacles barred its way: the crackdown by Soviet dictatorship on Shklovsky and other Russian Formalists in the 1930s, and the unavailabili ty of an English translation.
		Now translated in its entirety for the first time, Theory of Prose not only anticipates structuralism and post-structuralism, but poses questions about the nature of fiction that are as provocative today as they were in the 19 20s.
		Shklovsky's enormously influential work is brilliant, provocative, and, by turn, elliptical and digre ssive.
	www.babelguides.com /view/work/54693 (470 words)

	Middle East Open Encyclopedia: Russian Formalism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Russian Formalism includes the work of a number of highly influential Russian and Soviet scholars (Viktor Shklovsky, Yuri Tynianov, Boris Eichenbaum, Roman Jakobson, Grigory Vinokur) who revolutionised literary criticism between 1914 and the 1930s by establishing the specificity and autonomy of poetic language and literature.
		The aim of Shklovsky is therefore to isolate and define something specific to literature (or "poetic language"): these, as we saw, are the "devices" which make up the "artfulness" of literature.
		Formalists do not agree with one another on exactly what a "device" (priem) is, nor how these devices are used or how they are to be analysed in a given text.
	www.baghdadmuseum.org /ref/index.php?title=Russian_Formalism (843 words)

	Viktor Shklovsky -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia you can trust!
		From 1914 he was a major voice in the critical movement called Russian Formalism, to which he contributed the concept of ostranenie, or “making it strange.” He argued that literature is a collection of devices that force readers to view the world afresh by presenting old ideas or mundane experiences in new, unusual ways.
		Official Soviet displeasure with Formalism later obliged him to write within the constraints of Socialist Realism, and he published historical novels, film criticism, and highly praised literary studies.
		More results on "Viktor Shklovsky" when you join.
	www.britannica.com /ebc/article-9378533?tocId=9378533&query=formalism&ct=gen1 (695 words)

	The Stranger - Books - Feature - Good Criticism
		Because Shklovsky has returned to remind me and you that he will always be remembered.
		The book is ordered by the important stages of Shklovsky's life: his childhood, his years with the Russian formalists (an influential group he founded and led), and finally, what is "processing [him at that] very moment" during his exile in Berlin.
		The writer, Shklovsky, is there, in the sentence; he never dissolves into the illusion of the text in the way James Joyce's God dissolves into creation.
	www.thestranger.com /seattle/Content?oid=13540 (865 words)

	Abebooks Search Results - ... Viktor Sheldon Richard (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		This novel is based on a peculiar episode in the lives of twp eminent literary figures while they were set adrift in Russian Berlin.
		Elsa Triolet, later to gain fme as a novelist herself, has forbidden Shklovsky to write to her about love.
		Commissioning organisation: Victor Shklovsky ; translated from the Russian and edited by Richard Sheldon.
	textbook-authors.abebooks.co.uk /Author/...+Viktor+Sheldon+Richard.html (892 words)

	The following is a proposal to present a paper, (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The human mind is at least a device for translating and organizing sensory information from "out there" into a set of thoughts, images, systems, memories and revelations "in here." Intelligent behavior should be capable of surprising the observer.
		Gameworld is devoted to devising a story-generating computer system that relies on "gaming." The system employs an open-ended game to simulate how one author might imagine alternative solutions to problems and then narrate the events created by that solution.
		Individual "moves" (discrete states in an object-oriented system) are driven by the simulator optimizing strategies and then moving the characters through the terrain to achieve their goals.
	lingua.arts.klte.hu /allcach98/abstracts/68.htm (554 words)

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