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	VILLANELLE - LoveToKnow Article on VILLANELLE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The word is ultimately derived from the Latin villa, a country house or farm, through the Italian villano, a peasant or farm hand, and a villanelle was primarily a roun.d song taken up by men on a farm.
		The Spaniards called such a song a villancejo or villancete or a villancico, and a man who improvised villanelles was a villa nciquero.
		The villanelle was a pastoral poem made to accompany a rustic dance, and from the first it was necessary that it should contain a regular system of repeated lines.
	58.1911encyclopedia.org /V/VI/VILLANELLE.htm (257 words)

	First Defenders: Villanelle D'Valon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Villanelle was born to Avala D'Valon, a loyal high servant of the powerful Matron Siraela of House Z'Ressinss.
		Villanelle, raised to be a servant, had little religious training, and so the priests had to work doubly hard to educate her.
		When, early in her education, Villanelle asked, a bit confused, how hatred could be a component of healing, she was beaten within an inch of her life, healed only so much that she could safely be beaten again, and so on, until the Priests tired of the lesson.
	www.inkyfingers.com /FD/Villanelle.htm (462 words)

	Villanelle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A villanelle (or occasionally villonelle) is a traditional poetic form which entered English-language poetry in the late 1800s from the imitation of French models.
		While it is sometimes claimed that the form is named for the French poet François Villon (1431–1474), most experts agree that the form derives from a round sung by farmhands and that the name comes from the Latin villa, (farm) and villano (farmhand) via the Italian villanella.
		Medieval villanelles were of variable form and the earliest known villanelle in the modern form is a poem about a turtledove by Jean Passerat (1534–1602).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Villanelle (478 words)

	Historical Background of the Villanelle Charge
		As a poem, the villanelle first took different forms, and was written by most of the Pleiade poets with the one notable exception of Ronsard, but the final and most famous form was invented by Jean Passerat in the late 1590’s (McFarland, pp 28-32).
		The villanelle probably entered England by way of Mary Queen of Scots who had been brought up at the French court of Catherine de Medici and Henri II, and who "delighted in poetry and the poets, most of all in M. de Ronsard, M. du [sic] Bellay...“ (Fraser, 1969, p.
		The "Villanelle Charge" was probably written before Leland’s Aradia was published, and so this chronology is an attempt to explain how the "Villanelle Charge" could contain lines that so closely relate to ritual of the moon given in Aradia by Leland.
	www.oestarapublishing.com /villanellecharge/villhistory.htm (1967 words)

	-POETRY POINTERS - THE FORMS OF POETRY -
		villanelle is a poem of nineteen lines, five three-line stanzas followed by one four- line stanza, usually in lines of either all tetrameter (4 beats) or all pentameter (5 beats), with alternating end-rhymes patterned aba, aba, aba, aba, abaa, and with one other, vital twist.
		Villanelles are NOT easy to write well, and the reason is not so much the meter, the repetition, or the rhyme.
		Like the sonnet, a villanelle is not just a "rhymed, metered form." It is a well-planned and musical slice of piercing, honest philosophy, a piece of life, a part of you, and maybe me, and is only incidentally clever.
	members.aol.com /lucyhardng/pointers/form.htm (2236 words)

	VILLANELLE - Online Information article about VILLANELLE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Passerat (1534-16o2), which were printed in 16o6, several villanelles were discovered, in different forms.
		Boulmier, who was the first to point out that Passerat was the inventor of the definite villanelle, published collections of these poems in 1878 and 1879, and was preparing another when he died in 1881.
		There are several excellent examples in English of humorous villanelles, especially those by Austin Dobson and by Henley.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /VAN_VIR/VILLANELLE.html (752 words)

	Brian Ewart
		Villanelle acts ashamed of her webbed toes, a characteristic that she makes every effort to keep under wraps.
		Villanelle, in a sense seems to take on many male characteristics; she is proactive, courageous, and interested in traditionally male things, like gambling, and boats.
		Regardless of where to place responsibility for these views, it is obvious that Villanelle comes off as a positive character who aides her lover to escape from Russia and an asylum, while also having his child, while Mary causes nothing but trouble with her sexual promiscuity and later insanity.
	homepage.mac.com /brianewart/papers/comparisonpaper.htm (1226 words)

	Villanelle
		Before the villanelle was made literary by the French in the late 1500s, it existed as a villanella, "an old Italian folk song with an accompanying dance."--from Handbook of Poetic Forms, ed.
		Such villanelles were alike in exhibiting a refrain which testified to their ultimate popular origin.
		The villanelle was, in a sense, invented by Jean Passerat (1534-1602)."
	www.public.asu.edu /~aarios/formsofverse/reports2000/page8.html (822 words)

	Villanelle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Villanelle, from the Latin villa (country estate, farm), originated in Italy as a farmers’ work song employing a variation of call and response common to many folk patterns.
		As for muting the effect of heavy rhyme and repetition, one method is to choose occasional strong words to sprinkle internally or at the beginning of a line, to draw attention away from the rhyme pattern.
		Running a phrase or clause past the rhyme and into the next line not only downplays the rhyme but also allows the poet to vary the meaning of refrain lines and smooth the over all flow of the poem.
	thewordshop.tripod.com /villanelle.html (400 words)

	Guide to Verse Forms - Villanelle
		The villanelle has a reputation in some quarters as a difficult form, but in fact it's a doddle.
		As an example, here's a villanelle I wrote early in the 1998-9 football season when Aston Villa were top of the Premiership table (temporarily, obviously).
		The 19-line villanelle as shown here is the standard form, but occasionally a poet will put in extra pair (or two, or even more) of tercets, yielding a villanelle of 25 lines (or 31, or even longer).
	dspace.dial.pipex.com /town/pipexdsl/r/arax83/vf/villanelle.htm (510 words)

	Poetry Form - The Villanelle
		Villanelle is a French word, derived from the original word in Italian, villanella.
		The Villanelle tradition as a poem appeared in France in the sixteenth century.
		A writer of a Villanelle can use the repetition to delve more deeply into her material.
	www.baymoon.com /~ariadne/form/villanelle.htm (953 words)

	Review - Paul Reddick: Villanelle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		With Villanelle, Paul Reddick's back on Northern Blues with a solo CD that harkens back to the prewar blues of Sleepy John Estes and two of my favorite bluesmen nicknamed Mississippi: John Hurt and Fred McDowell.
		On Villanelle, producer Colin Linden is back on guitar, and he's recruited Richard Bell on keys (Janis Joplin), Stephen Hodges on drums (Tom Waits, John Hammond) and multinstrumentalist Jeff Hermes (Rick Holmstrom, Rod Piazza).
		Villanelle will propel Paul Reddick into the finals for next year's blues awards, and I hope he crosses the stage at the Handys, the Maple Music Awards, or at the Juno awards for Villanelle.
	www.cosmik.com /aa-november04/reviews/review_paul_reddick.html (205 words)

	The Art of the Villanelle - Poetry
		A villanelle is a poem of nineteen lines, arranged in six stanzas.
		Troubled though he was, his keen mind invented the villanelle, a poetic form that was particularly well-suited to the French language.
		The primary challenge of the villanelle is to continue to hold the reader's interest, even as you reuse the first and third lines from the originating stanza.
	www.bellaonline.com /articles/art15334.asp (582 words)

	Villanelle - Internet-Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		A villanelle (or occasionally villonelle) is a traditional poem which entered English-language poetry in the late 1800s from the imitation of French models.
		Medieval villanelles were of variable form and the earliest known villanelle in the modern form is a poem about a turtledove by Jean Passerat (1534-1602).
		The standard villanelle consists of five stanzas of three lines each rhyming a-b-a and a sixth stanza of four lines rhyming a-b-a-a, giving a total of nineteen lines.
	www.internet-encyclopedia.com /ie/v/vi/villanelle.html (431 words)

	Villanelle
		The form of the villanelle that we know today was originally fixed by Jean Passerat.
		In the interim "villanelle" was a shifty term.
		Ezra Pound, while slamming forms, comments that the villanelle "can at its best attain the closest intensity." His only villanelle, "Villanelle: The Psychological Hour," is a three-part sectional of varying stanza lengths.
	www.public.asu.edu /~aarios/formsofverse/anecdotes/page8.html (224 words)

	[minstrels] Villanelle -- William Empson
		Today's poem is as metaphysical as they come: the central conceit [1] is reinforced and given depth by the precise use of terminology [2], yet not so much as to detract from the essentially human feeling that gives rise to it.
		The choice of form is equally inspired - the strict constraints of the villanelle, like Donne's convoluted syntax, work to harness the flood of emotion that would otherwise sweep the poet away.
		Villanelles: Poem #38, "Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night", Dylan Thomas Poem #202, "Missing Dates", William Empson Poem #393, "Villanelle (minimalist): One Drunken Night", Peter Schaeffer Poem #639, "One Art", Elizabeth Bishop Poem #677, "Villanelle", W. Auden Poems that use the word 'chemic': Poem #568, "Especially When The October Wind", Dylan Thomas
	www.cs.rice.edu /~ssiyer/minstrels/poems/706.html (309 words)

	Week 6: Form, Meter, Sonnet, Villanelle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The original villanelles were written about pastoral or rural topics such as shepherds.
		A villanelle is a19 line poem written primarily in tercets, or three line stanzas.
		Don't worry it sounds more complicated than it is. If you decide to write a villanelle, use another one as a pattern, or write down a cheat sheet of the rhyme patterns and lines which must be refrains.
	www.bloomington.in.us /~dory/creative/class6.html (895 words)

	Villanelle Mask - Carnival Masks & Masquerade Masks in the French & Italian Tradition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Villanelle Mask - Carnival Masks and Masquerade Masks in the French and Italian Tradition
		Villanelle is a velvet mask with elaborate floral embellishments.
		The mask consists of a paper mache face, velvet, fabric flowers, ribbons, pearls, crystals, and trims.
	www.finemasks.com /villanelle.htm (128 words)

	Villanelle
		This is Dylan Thomas' "Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night." It is one of the most famous villanelles and, while Thomas does not experiment much with the form, the poem is a great example of how villanelle repetition works.
		In addition, the middle line of the 1st stanza becomes the third line of the next stanza, and so on, such that the terzanelle is a huge pain, but worth the effort and determination to finish.
		A strong villanelle is tied together with line breaks and refrains that make sense.
	www.uni.edu /~gotera/CraftOfPoetry/villanelle.html (709 words)

	Poetry Knowledge Zone - Class 8 : Villanelle
		It is a verse form consisting of five tercets and a final quatrain, which has only two end rhymes, repeating the first and third lines of the first stanza alternately in the following stanzas, and combining those two refrain lines into the final couplet in the quatrain.
		It is one of the most famous villanelles and is a great example of how villanelle repetition works.
		Using a villanelle is the best and easiest way to explain its structure.
	www.boloji.com /poetry/learningzone/pkz8.htm (467 words)

	The Academy of American Poets - Poetic Form: Villanelle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The highly structured villanelle is a nineteen-line poem with two repeating rhymes and two refrains.
		Strange as it may seem for a poem with such a rigid rhyme scheme, the villanelle did not start off as a fixed form.
		Contemporary poets have not limited themselves to the pastoral themes originally expressed by the free-form villanelles of the Renaissance, and have loosened the fixed form to allow variations on the refrains.
	www.poets.org /viewmedia.php/prmMID/5796 (474 words)

	Williams, C. K. (Charles Kenneth): Villanelle of the Suicide's Mother (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		This poem is in the form of a villanelle, a French verse form derived from an Italian folk song of the late 15th-early 17th Centuries.
		The strict definition of a villanelle adheres to the following pattern: five tercets followed by a quatrain with the rhyming scheme of a1ba2 aba1 aba2 aba1 aba2 aba1a2.
		The technical demands of the verse form lend themselves to the repetitive nature of grief-work and the mother's attempt, through soliloquy, to exorcise the memory of her daughter's apparently hopeless depression and suicide.
	endeavor.med.nyu.edu /lit-med/lit-med-db/webdocs/webdescrips/williams1312-des-.html (222 words)

	Paul Dukas - Villanelle for horn and piano (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		His completed works are few in number but beautifully written, and he had an instinctive and poetic feeling for instrumental colour.
		The Villanelle is a rustic Italian song form, previously used by (amongst others) Berlioz and Chabrier.
		Dukas wrote his in 1906 for a competition at the Conservatoire, and it remains in the solo repertoire of most horn players.
	www.classicalnotes.co.uk /notes/dukas1.html (130 words)

	Wordcarvers: Villanelle
		The villanelle is not restricted as to meter, though both iambic pentameter and iambic tetrameter are popular.
		Miriam’s villanelle was miles better than mine, although both our poems shared one thing in common, in that they both missed the point, entirely.
		MC's last two villanelles were great, but she's the sort of person - if she doesn't mind me saying so - who can write this type of poetry with her eyes shut.
	www.eosdev.com /cgi-bin/discus/show.cgi?tpc=3&post=273 (4396 words)

	Villanelle - InfoSearchPoint.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		A villanelle (or occasionally villonelle) is a poem of nineteen lines, named for the French poet François Villon (1431-1474).
		It consists of five stanzas of three lines each (rhyme scheme A B A) with a quatrain (A B A A) at the end.
		An example of a villanelle is Edwin Arlington Robinson's The House On The Hill.
	www.infosearchpoint.com /display/Villanelle (145 words)

	Dukas' Villanelle
		As you probably know, Villanelle was written as an examination piece at the Paris Conservatory (in 1906?) to demonstrate proficiency on the natural horn and the valve horn.
		A good argument could also be made that Dukas intended that the whole thing be played using the valved instrument, but employing hand horn technique in the opening and for the 6/8 on the last page.
		Whether to play the opening of Villanelle on the natural or valved instrument needs to be each performer's choice.
	www.hornplayer.net /archive/a73.html (531 words)

	[New-Poetry] Salter villanelle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Paul Lake wrote: >>a well done Salter villanelle, >> William's Logan might be pleased by the poem's hint >>of domestic rebellion.
		I think Logan might be pleased that this villanelle supports his mildly kinky view of Salter.
		The "employ him as their slave" and "my own toy" imagery, at the same time that the fantasy objects are all safely remote, in time as well.
	wiz.cath.vt.edu /pipermail/new-poetry/2001-April/019628.html (103 words)

	Re: Her eyes light up when she sees him (a villanelle) -- Euphoria's Post & Reply Poetry Board (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Like your poem but it isn't a Villanell like I learned...here is the definition of a Villanelle..
		Villanelles are a nightmare; there is no other way to say it.
		Here is a Villanelle that I wrote several years ago..
	www.voy.com /69761/4/9651.html (344 words)

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