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Topic: Viola (Brazil)

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	Music of Brazil - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		During the 18th century and the first half of the 19th century, the classical music in Brazil was strongly influenced by the music style practiced in Europe, particularly the Viennese classical style.
		Northeastern Brazil is known for a distinctive form of literature called literatura de cordel, which are a type of ballads that include elements incorporated into music as repentismo, an improvised lyrical contest on themes suggested by the audience.
		He is one of the pioneer raggaman in Brazil and is the principal dancehall artist in the country.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Music_of_Brazil (2279 words)

	About the World Environment Organization: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Brazil and Argentina are very important emergent countries not highly dependent in fossil fuels, and consequently in favorable situation for assuming commitments for reducing the future rate of increase of their carbon emissions.
		Brazil standing in Stockholm was based in three principles: defense of unrestricted national sovereignty with relation to the use of natural resources, environmental protection should come only after reaching high per capita income, and, the burden of paying for the protection of the global environment should be exclusive responsibility of Developed countries (Viola 1997).
		Brazil has had a high profile in many issues: elimination of developed countries trade barriers for agriculture, textile and shoes; questioning subsidies and anti-dumping regimes in developed countries, promoting the inclusion of public health considerations as a restriction to intellectual property rights in the case of medicines.
	www.isanet.org /noarchive/viola.html (11108 words)

	Berimbau - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The berimbau consists of a wooden bow (verga — traditionally made from biriba wood, which grows in Brazil), about 4 to 5 feet long, with a steel string (arame - often pulled from the inside of an automobile tire) tightly strung and secured from one end of the verga to the other.
		Generally the gunga player leads the singing, which is made easier by the simple rhythm and little variation that he plays, and adds a means to his control of the roda.
		The viola (or violinha), if present, plays mostly variations and improvisations upun the main rhythm defined by the duet of the two others.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Berimbau (1934 words)

	Borzoi Reader \| Authors \| Thaddeus Russell
		John and Viola, who was of Irish descent, moved themselves and their newborn daughter, Jenetta, into a house in "Stringtown," the neighborhood in Brazil with the highest concentration of miners.
		Viola Hoffa moved her family into a small house near her sister's home on North Third Street, in the heart of "Little Italy." There, with the help of the three children, she operated the "Hoffa Home Laundry," washing and ironing the coal-flened clothes of mine workers.
		Viola was forced to move again, and this time she chose the biggest boomtown in the Midwest.
	www.randomhouse.com /knopf/authors/chadwick/excerpt.html (2282 words)

	Brazil football team in the 1994 World Cup
		Brazil needed only a tie, and was favourite to win; however, Uruguay is a very traditional adversary, and many times had surprised Brazil (the most obvious, of course, the victory in the final match of the 1950 World Cup); one month earlier, Brazil and Uruguay had tied 1 x 1 in Montevidéu.
		Brazil seemed to have a good defense line, with Jorginho, Mozer, Ricardo Gomes, Ricardo Rocha and Leonardo (the same defense from 1990, with younger Leonardo in place of Branco).
		Brazil won the semi-final against Sweden by 1 x 0, with a good performance by the defenders and a goal by Romário.
	www.v-brazil.com /culture/sports/world-cup/1994-United-States.html (1397 words)

	CD BRAZIL: The Music of Brazil on CD
		The viola, a Brazilian type of small, acoustic guitar, was carved from tree trunks.
		With viola solos and backup singing, accompanied by tap dancing and clapping, the songs’ climax is the "recortado" (clipped), when all elements perform together in high liveliness mode.
		Brazil was growing in the beginning the 20th century, which fomented northeastern exodus toward the southeast in search for work.
	www.cdbrazil.com /music-styles/caipira-music.html (700 words)

	BRAZZIL - News from Brazil - Sertaneja and Country Music
		Those who appreciate country (backland) music will be pleased with the release in Brazil of a collection of historic CDs These discs bring to the masters of the viola a long overdue recognition.
		To abandon the viola, to leave it out of the accompaniment, is to lose not only the timbre (tonal color) of the instrument but also its rhythmic inventory.
		Without the viola it is difficult for a listener to tell whether the style heard is a cateretê, rasqueado, or a valseado.
	www.brazil-brasil.com /musdec95.htm (925 words)

	Guardian Unlimited Football \| Special Reports \| Whatever happened to Viola?
		Viola was apparently last seen at this game - though no photographers bothered to snap him.
		After refusing to leave the pitch when he was sent off for dissent, Viola followed the referee around the field, gesticulating wildly and protesting his innocence - and had to be physically restrained by his team-mates before being led away by three riot policemen.
		Viola also recently played a friendly against Exeter City, the club famed for making football popular in Brazil, to mark the 90th anniversary of the Grecians' trip to South America in 1914.
	football.guardian.co.uk /theknowledge/story/0,13854,1250140,00.html (976 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		People start their music studies with the violin and only later they discover the viola, usually because most of them didn´t even know the viola existed before being part of an ensemble.
		Thanks for the non advertising of viola as a orchestra instrument, people simply mistake the whole set of small stringed instruments in the orchestra as violins, and, at least here in my country, we have another typical instrument with exactly the same name, and people usually confound both of them as the same.
		"Violas and violists are often the target of the musical equivalent of the blonde joke.
	www.violadamore.com /board/view.asp?p=2&ID=135 (528 words)

	Consulate General of Brazil - Brazilian Music
		Brazil's origins - the Indians with their reed flutes, the Portuguese with their singers and viola players, and the Africans with their many thrilling rhythms - make it a musical country.
		In the second half of the 18th century and during the 19th century the sentimental love song called the modinha was popular and it was sung both in Brazil's salons and at the Portuguese Court.
		Brazil's popular music developed parallel to its classical music and it also united traditional European instruments - guitar, piano, and flute - with a whole rhythm section of sounds produced by frying pans, small barrels with a membrane and a stick inside (cuícas) that make wheezing sounds, and tambourines.
	www.brazilsf.org /culture_music_eng.htm (1142 words)

	Brazil Region
		Subsea projects in Brazil are concentrated in five (5) major basins: Campos, Espirito Santo, Santos, Ceara-Portiguar and Sergipe-Alagoas.
		Campos Basin is considered the largest oil reserve in the Brazilian continental shelf, stretches from the State of Espirito Santo to Cabo Frio, on the northern coast of Rio de Janeiro State.
		Brazil has been a pioneer in subsea oil and gas production technology since its entry in the late 1970s.
	www.fmctechnologies.com /Subsea/Projects/Brazil.aspx (195 words)

	Ulisses Silva - Viola
		Ulisses Silva was born in Sao Paulo, Brazil in 1977.
		At the age of 9 he started studying violin and changed to viola to study with Alejandro de Leon at Saint Paul Municipal School of Music in 1995 and Emerson de Biaggi at The Saint Paul State University, where he did his Bachelor Degree.
		At year 2004 he was awarded the Kurt Frederick Assistantship from UNM and he traveled to USA to continuous his study in viola performance under orientation of Prof.
	www.classicol.com /Viola/UlissesSilva.cfm (133 words)

	South American Way - Monarchy in Brazil - Brazilian Imports (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Dom Pedro is proclaimed emperor of Brazil, Dom Pedro is proclaimed emperor of Brazil, October 12, 1822.
		Dom Pedro I is crowned as emperor of Brazil.
		Brazil is defeated in the Battle of Las Peidras, the final conflict with Uruguay during their struggle for independence.
	www.southamericanway.com /monarchy.html (987 words)

	Greenwich Village Gazette: Columns: Brazil: Ernest Barteldes
		McMillan's novel is about a dysfunctional African-American family of the nineties much inspired in her own family (although she denies that in her notes), while Faulkner's is about ignorant Caucasian farmers from an imaginary region of this country.
		Viola, the matriarch, is by far the most interesting of all of the book's main characters (there are almost no secondary ones).
		Viola Price is pretty much inspired by the author's late mother, Madeline Tillman, who was also afflicted by asthma.
	www.gvny.com /columns/barteldes/barteldes03-09-01.html (1064 words)

	Biography
		Viola’s video installations—total environments that envelop the viewer in image and sound—employ state-of-the-art technologies and are distinguished by their precision and direct simplicity.
		Viola was invited to be a Scholar at the Getty Research Institute, Los Angeles in 1998, and later that year created a suite of three new video pieces for the rock group Nine Inch Nails’ world tour.
		Viola is the recipient of numerous awards and honors, including a John T. and Catherine D. MacArthur Foundation Fellowship in 1989, and the first Medienkunstpreis in 1993, presented jointly by Zentrum für Kunst und Medientechnologie, Karlsruhe, and Siemens Kulturprogramm, in Germany.
	www.billviola.com /biograph.htm (1723 words)

	Guide to Latin Music ( caravan Music) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Brazil is a country with musical variety as vast as its geography.
		In the late 1960s musical influences outside of Brazil like Rock were having their influence upon Brazilian music and musicians, who, while remaining faithful to Brazilian rhythms and styles, were happy to experiment with new styles and instrumentation.
		Also in northeastern Brazil is the state of Bahia, cradle to many of the African traditions of Brazil including music.
	www.acsu.buffalo.edu /~guillen/caravan.html (2965 words)

	dirty linen
		Many of Brazil's best-known recording artists began their careers during the 1960s - they include Caetano Veloso, Gilberto Gil, and other members of the Tropicália movement, which began in 1967.
		Ten of Brazil's best were chosen for this compilation -- there's plenty of fire and flash, along with a depth of interpretation that you'd expect from four generations of pioneering players.
		Derived from instruments brought to Brazil by its Portuguese colonizers, the shape, tonality, and number of strings varies widely from region to region.
	www.dirtylinen.com /linen/92/brazil.html (4295 words)

	Romario says goodbye with a goal for Brazil -DAWN - Sport; 29 April 2005
		Romario was substituted in the 38th minute by Grafite and escorted off the field by Rai, Branco, Viola and several other team-mates from Brazil’s 1994 World Cup winning team, when he spearheaded the attack and scored five goals.
		Brazil, fielding a team of home-based players for the game which was arranged to celebrate the 40th anniversary of a television station, went ahead when defender Anderson beat Klee to Cicinho’s cross and headed home after five minutes.
		Romario, who scored Brazil’s goal when the teams drew 1-1 in their only previous meeting in 1998, was twice close to opening his account before his goal.
	www.dawn.com /2005/04/29/spt18.htm (336 words)

	Paulinho Tapajós & Marcello Lessa: Viola Violão
		Viola Violão celebrates the music of Paulinho Tapajós with heartfelt renditions of some of his best known songs and more.
		The lyrics are a homage to all the Mangueira fans in Brazil: Carlos Cachaça, Beth Carvalho, Maria Bethânia, Tom Jobim, Chico Buarque, Nelson Cavaquinho, Braguinha, Caetano Veloso and others.
		As the lyrics sing, it is Brazil on parade, and what a show that is! Paulinho is a master of toadas.
	musicabrasileira.org /paulinhotapajos (816 words)

	Medscape MEDLINE search: Viola
		The genus Viola is represented by four related species in Brazil belonging to section Leptidium, one of the most primitive sections in the genus.
		Natural infection of Viola cornuta (Violaceae) with Cucumber mosaic virus, subgroup I. Plants of Viola cornuta displaying typical virus symptoms were observed during spring 2003 in a plant nursery in Crdoba, central Argentina.
		A glycosidic isoflavonoid from Viola hondoensis W. BECKER et H. BOISSIEU (Violaceae), and its effect on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 caused by ultraviolet irradiation in cultured human skin fibroblasts.
	search.medscape.com /uslclient/searchMedline.do?queryText=Viola (1093 words)

	Bios
		Barbara Hamilton, Viola, B.M., Indiana University, M.M., SUNY at Stony Brook, M.M.A/D.M.A., Yale School of Music, has played as principal violist with the Colorado Symphony, the Orquesta Ciudad de Barcelona, and the Orquesta de Valencia (Spain); and violist with the Delos quartet and the Cuarteto Martin y Soler.
		Erika Eckert is currently Assistant Professor of Viola at the University of Colorado at Boulder.
		She is a founding member of Voilý!, a viola quartet dedicated to the performance of original works and transcriptions for viola ensemble, and is a board member of the Rocky Mountain Viola Society.
	www.viola.com /rmvs/Officers/Bios/bios.htm (675 words)

	Brazil - Brazzil Magazine - Pure Samba
		The restaurant (operated by Cartola, the venerable composer and co-founder of the escola de samba Mangueira) was the center of the choro and samba scene.
		After all, Paulinho da Viola is a watershed, a musician who can sense a mood more accurately than most, capture it, divine its very essence, and return it to the public in musical form with uncanny emotional expression.
		Paulinho da Viola has come back to enchant and to demonstrate it is impossible to talk about samba as a form frozen in time.
	www.brazzil.com /content/view/8408/45 (3288 words)

	reviews (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Eventually he went to Paris, where his work was admired by Varese and Messiaen, but Brazil was never far from his heart or from his compositions.
		In the later works, especially this Trio, the influences of the early days are very much present, but they are worked so subtly and deeply into a highly sophisticated and formal style that it would be impossible to say exactly where they were, or to separate them from the more academic threads.
		The cello and viola take the melody in many passages, while the violin plays backing in the higher part of its range.
	www.alternatemusicpress.com /reviews/villalobos.html (629 words)

	South American Way - Browse by Region - Brazilian Imports (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Brazil, or Brasil in Portuguese, is made up of 26 states plus a federal district surrounding the national capital.
		US/Brazil friendship pin Lapel pin with the flags of the United States of America and Brazil.
		Small Brazil Stick Flag Anyone who has ever been to Brazil should have a little flag.
	www.southamericanway.com /brazil.html (244 words)

	Brazilian music terms - An educational service of Sambosseros. We play Brazilian jazz, bossa nova, sambas, ...
		She and Maria Bethania were the standard bearers for tropicalismo while Caetano Veloso and Gil Gilberto were in political exile.
		Milton Nascimento = an outstanding proponent of modern MPB and fl Brazilians; used musical influences from his state of Minas Gerais (he was born in Rio but was raised by adoptive parents in a small town in Minas Gerais).
		Simone = with her trademark sultry and sensual voice, she is a great interpreter of Brazil's greatest songwriters, especially ballads.
	www.sambosseros.com /Brazilian_music_terms.htm (2171 words)

	Brazil - Brazzil Magazine - How the Viola Got Hip in Brazil
		There are curious stories that go along with the viola, such as that São Gonçalo, who, in addition to being the patron saint of violeiros, also protects prostitutes, is called on by those who wish to marry, and is the saint of fertility.
		In the hands of Renato Andrade, from Abaeté in Minas, the viola began to be heard as a solo instrument in concert halls by the seventies.
		The viola still did not have the credibility to be played without accompaniment or someone singing," tells Roberto Corrêa, also a Mineiro, but based in Brasília, and who since 1977 has been interested in the viola, and began to write songs and arrangements, and appear in recitals.
	www.brazzil.com /content/view/1934/51 (4313 words)

	Samba Downloads - Download Samba Music - Download Samba MP3s
		Simone has continued to perform regularly in Brazil, Portugal, and the U.S. In 1997, she was included in the Sony Music Celebridades da MPB (MPB Celebrities) series (sharing the privilege with Ângela Maria, Sílvio Caldas, and Cauby Peixoto, with a four-CD box commemorating 25 years of her career (one year in advance).
		Little Paulinho da Viola grew up listening to those wonderful sounds, a true part of history of Brazil, and these situations of identification formed his character for his whole life.
		He had 11 of his out-of-print LPs reissued by Odeon in 1996, the year which was marked by the major event which was motivated by the show at the beach of Copacabana, during the festivities of the ending year.
	www.mp3.com /samba/genre/726/subgenre.html (2839 words)

	Brazil at cdRoots
		Born in Recife, Pernambuco in northeastern Brazil, Nóbrega was a member of the Quinteto Armorial, with whom promoted the traditional music from Nthe region.
		Collaborators of late, Brazil's foremost choro-jazz ensemble Nó em Pingo d'Água (look for their da Viola tribute album) accompanies on his own Um Sarau Para Raphael.
		The Nordeste territory of Brazil is the poorest and most underdeveloped region in the country.
	www.cdroots.com /brazil.shtml (1899 words)

	Paulinho da Viola discography - Slipcue.com Brazilian Music Guide
		A masterful singer of sweet samba songs, Paulinho Da Viola is known as a samba purist, adhering strictly to the old acoustic style, and is particularly revered as a revivalist of the instrumental choro style.
		Paulinho Da Viola "A Danca Da Solidao" (EMI-Odeon, 1972)
		One of Brazil's finest young samba singers of the new millennium, Teresa Cristina has been embraced by the samba old guard, and returns the favor on these two gorgeous tributes to acoustic samba king Paulinho Da Viola.
	www.slipcue.com /music/brazil/daviola.html (1853 words)

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