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Topic: Viola organista

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	[No title]
		"Viola da brazzo i viola da gamba," Ruch Myzyczny 35/10 (1991), 6.
		"Viola da gamba" and "Baryton." In: Musikalisches Lexikon, 1802.
		Grmmer, Viola da Gamba-Schule fr Violoncellisten und Freunde der Viola da Gamba/Viola da Gamba, a school for Violoncellists and Lovers of the Viola da Gamba.
	www.unc.edu /~jbr/MEGAVIOL.DOS (15440 words)

	Akio Obuchi-j
		Leonardo da Vinci's manuscript of viola organista was found together with the sketches of other musical instruments in the Madrid National Library in 1967.
		For this event, construction of viola organista was assigned to Akio Obuchi.
		In the Leonardo's manuscript, ideas for the viola organista including a reciprocal bow, a circular disk and en endless belt are illustrated.
	homepage1.nifty.com /obuchi/Event/Exhibition-e.htm (420 words)

	El Universal Online - Versión para imprimir
		The paper organ Leonardo designed with a two-way bellows that produces sound regardless of whether it is taking in or expelling air is another of the famous instruments built by Spanish luthier Joachín Lois on display.
		He also devised the viola organista, the first known plan for a bowed keyboard instrument, here built by Japanese luthier Akio Obuchi.
		Throughout the duration of the exhibit there will be performances at the museum and other venues throughout the city where musicians will play pieces from Leonardo´s time on copies of the odd silver-plated lyre, the paper organ and the viola organista.
	www.mexiconews.com.mx /miami/vi_20590.html (918 words)

	Vi-E
		En 1707, se transladó a Mulhausen, como organista de la iglesia de San Blas, tomando posesión el 15 de junio.
		En 1708 vuelve a Weimar como organista y músico de cámara del duque reinante.
		Aceptó, y despues de oír, secretamente, al organista francés, lo desafió por escrito para efectuar un concurso, que consistiría en desarrollar un tema, dado por el oponente en el mismo momento en que se efectuase el acto.
	www.vi-e.cl /internas/edu_dia/personaj/bach.htm (917 words)

	REPORT
		The earliest known design for a bowed keyboard instrument is found in the 1488-89 notebook of Leonardo da Vinci, whose sketches of a viola organista were discovered in 1967 by the art historian Ladislao Reti.
		A four-string fretted keyboard instrument with a single wheel, the viola organista can be viewed as a link between the hurdy-gurdy and the Geigenwerk, which was invented in 1575 by Hans Haiden (or Hyden), a Nuremberg builder.
		For a complete description of the viola organista, see Emanuel Winternitz, Leonardo da Vinci as a Musician (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1982), 137 - 67.
	homepage1.nifty.com /obuchi/Geigenwerk/Geigenwerk1/Report/REPORT.html (1481 words)

	Roberto Gini, direttore di coro, organista
		Roberto Gini, direttore di coro, organista, viola da gamba
		Roberto Gini è titolare dal 1983 della cattedra di viola da gamba presso il Conservatoire Supèrieur de Musique de Genève.
		Attualmente insegna viola da gamba al Conservatorio di Musica "A. Boito" di Parma.
	www.concertodautunno.it /cur/ginir.html (496 words)

	Beethoven (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Original title“Trio concertant a clavicemballo, flauto, fagotto composto da Ludovico van Beethoven organista di S.S. Electeur de Cologne.”
		Septet for clarinet, bassoon, horn, violin, viola, cello and bass, Op 20.
		Marchenerzahlungen (Fairy Tales) for cl, viola and piano (op.
	www.idrs.org /ferling/Romatic.htm (114 words)

	A brief history of music (a composers view) page 2 written by NTM UK
		In art, one of the most influential figures of his time that was held in high regard was Leonardo da Vinci, one of history's remarkable men.
		Sketches belonging to him illustrated an instrument called a Geigenwerk (viola organista) this small piano styled instrument was never constructed but was a small insight into future trends.
		Da Vinci also drew sketchs of many other instruments and in some circles is said to have invented the viola, however as there is no firm evidence of this it should be seen merely as romantic speculation.
	www.ntmusic.org.uk /proj_dmu11b.htm (1156 words)

	GOLDBERG: Leonardo Da Vinci y la musicaLeonardo Da Vinci and musicLéonard De Vinci et la musique
		Music in the age of Leonardo was a reflection of the affirmation of individual personality; it was therefore more in tune with a philosophy that valued simple, expressive melody over and above the artifice of counterpoint.
		Italian musicians sang or recited from memory in their own native language, with or without accompaniment on the lute, the lira da braccio, the viola da gamba, the portative organ, the mandolin or the tabor.
		There are accounts of many poet-singers or popular composer- singers, among them Leonardo Giustiniani, a great improviser of verses who accompanied himself on the lute and whose poems were also set to music by such famous European composers as Johannes Ciconia and John Dunstable, both of whom wrote settings for his ballata “O rosa bella”.
	www.goldbergweb.com /en/magazine/essays/2005/02/30640_print.php (3825 words)

	Fidelio Article - LaRouche on the Mozart Revolution
		Thus, if a composer assigns the part of a soprano voice to the first violin, a mezzo-soprano to the second violin, a tenor to the viola, and a bass to the 'cello, the performer need but pass to a different register (string) on the appropriate choice of register-passing tone (see Table I).
		Leonardo's interest in the design of instruments that could imitate and amplify vocal choral polyphony, is further exemplified by his work on inventing a "viola organista," a keyboard instrument analogous to the organ.
		Instead of producing the tones by wind, the "viola organista" used an arrangement by which the keys would activate a continuous bow across the strings, thus imitating an ensemble of viols.
	www.schillerinstitute.org /fid_91-96/fid_924_lar_mozart.html (14105 words)

	Leonardo DaVinci
		Time and again biographers speak of how he designed a silver lyre in the shape of a horses head which was said to be more resonant and have a more beautiful sound than conventional wooden lyres.
		There is no sound basis for the belief that Leonardo invented the violin though he certainly drew up plans for many new musical instruments including various flutes and the viola organista (a complicated keyboard instrument with strings which were sounded by the means of a wheel, horsehair strap and a bow).
		Another area explored was that of how to improve musical instruments.
	www.lairweb.org.nz /leonardo/music.html (268 words)

	Untitled Document
		The instruments that have been most commonly used as such a basis in recent years, whether consciously or unconsciously, are the bagpipes, the "nail violin" and the hurdy-gurdy.
		Russolo selected this latter principle, which continues to be popular in French folk music under the name "vielle", and also occurs in older, almost forgotten instruments, such as the "organistrum", the "lira organizzata" and (from Leonardo da Vinci) the "viola organista".
		Among the available possibilities it was the most appropriate principle for his aims, because it was susceptible of producing several families of intonarumori, each with a reasonably wide range of pitches.
	creativetechnology.salford.ac.uk /fuchs/theory/authors/hugh_davies.htm (3310 words)

	EMI Back Issues Volumes 1 & 2, 6/1985-4/1987
		Issues of wood resonance and air resonance; f-holes; string and body length relative to fingering patterns are explained and also charted in the graph, along with descriptions of the instruments' sound properties.
		These are full of ideas, theories on acoustics, performance, and instrument designs.
		Much of his attention was devoted to designing the mechanics of the Viola Organista, a bowed string keyboard instrument, apparently never realized.
	www.windworld.com /back_issues/bi1-2.htm (5869 words)

	Leonardo da Vinci invented the violin? Not so fast . . .
		Not the same size of course, and yes with a distinctive shape, but it definitely shows similarities to the violin.
		I could see somebody going "well gee...wouldn't it be cool if the viola da amore only had four strings?" or saying "gee...I think these frets are annoying".
		We are speaking here of his (over-) sophisticated (a trade mark of Da Vinci) "viola organista." For further info:
	www.violinist.com /discussion/response.cfm?ID=8449 (4558 words)

	Lionheart: Legacy of the Crusader Walkthrough - IGN FAQs
		When you give the lens to DaVinci you'll receive 1000 exp plus the crossbow itself (same rate of fire as a longbow, +4 critical chance, +12% piercing damage).
		DaVinci's Secret Chamber ------------------------ In DaVinci's workshop you can find a viola organista, a muse / organ that you can play.
		One of the chests will contain the Scepter of Bone, an item that, simply by being carried, adds skill points to the Thought and Tribal Magic branches.
	faqs.ign.com /articles/437/437222p1.html (19431 words)

	Lionheart \| Gamers With Jobs
		I would love for them to have an alchemy system so I can make potions.
		One thing to look out for when in Da Vinci''s home, play the viola organista.
		They did a good job with the VO.
	www.gamerswithjobs.com /node/1596?from=&comments_per_page=30 (1852 words)

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