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Topic: Violeta Barrios de Chamorro

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	Violeta Chamorro Summary
		Violeta Barrios de Chamorro, known to friends and supporters as "Doña Violeta," was born in the rural southern Nicaraguan town of Rivas in 1930.
		Violeta Barrios de Chamorro (born October 18, 1929) is a Nicaraguan political leader and publisher.
		Chamorro was the second woman elected in her own right as a head of government in North America (behind Eugenia Charles of Dominica), and the first in Latin America.
	www.bookrags.com /Violeta_Chamorro (1680 words)

	Violeta Chamorro - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Violeta Barrios de Chamorro (born October 18, 1929) is a Nicaraguan political leader and publisher.
		Chamorro was the second woman elected in her own right as a head of government in North America (behind Eugenia Charles of Dominica), and the first in Latin America.
		In 1990, after nearly a decade of Contra warfare and economic sanctions, Chamorro became the presidential candidate of the United Nicaraguan Opposition (UNO), a coalition of 14 political parties that ran against the Sandinistas in that year's national elections.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Violeta_Barrios_de_Chamorro (354 words)

	Pedro Chamorro - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Pedro Joaquín Chamorro Cardenal (September 23, 1924 - January 10, 1978) was the editor of La Prensa — the only significant opposition newspaper to the long rule of the Somoza family — and husband of Violeta Barrios de Chamorro who later went on to become President of Nicaragua (1990-1996).
		Violeta Chamorro was elected president of Nicaragua in 1990.
		Speaking about her husband to the participants of the 1998 IPI World Congress in Moscow, Violeta said: “During his whole life, Pedro Joaquín Chamorro was a tireless fighter for democracy in Nicaragua and against the dictatorship of Somoza.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pedro_Chamorro (982 words)

	Chamorro, Violeta Barrios de - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		CHAMORRO, VIOLETA BARRIOS DE [Chamorro, Violeta Barrios de], 1929-, president of Nicaragua (1990-97).
		Violeta BARRIOS DE CHAMORRO, Alfonso ROBELO, Sergio RAMIREZ, and Daniel ORTEGA on the 2nd anniversary of the assassination of Pedro Joaquin Chamorro.
		Daniel ORTEGA at the inauguration of Violeta Barrios de Chamorro.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/C/ChamorroV1B1.asp (294 words)

	Violeta Chamorro - Multimedia - ninemsn Encarta
		In February 1990 Violeta Barrios de Chamorro became president of war-torn and ideologically polarized Nicaragua.
		Chamorro, who had opposed the governments of both military dictator Anastasio Somoza Debayle and leftist Sandinista Daniel Ortega, faced significant opposition herself upon taking office.
		During 1991 Chamorro managed to raise aid grants from 17 countries, including Germany, Japan, and the United States, to help salvage Nicaragua’s waning economy, but she continued to face opposition from both the Sandinistas and their enemies, the United States-backed contras.
	au.encarta.msn.com /media_461568017_761577584_-1_1/Violeta_Chamorro.html (107 words)

	Academia de Geografia e Historia - Breve Historia de Nicaragua
		Tratando de evitar otro régimen comunista (además de Cuba) en América Latina, Estados Unidos presionó a Somoza para que renunciara al poder en favor de una coalición moderada.
		Violeta Barrios inició un programa de reconstrucción que estableció la desmovilización de los rebeldes de la contra, la reducción gradual del número de tropas del Ejército y la reforma monetaria.
		En enero de 1997, Alemán tomó posesión de su cargo de presidente.
	www.aghn.edu.ni /breve.html (1848 words)

	Pedro Chamorro info here at en.33of100e.info (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Pedro JoaquÃn Chamorro Cardenal (September 23, 1924 - January 10, 1978) was the editor of La Prensa â” the only uncorrupted resistance scandal sheet to the lengthened subpoena of the Somoza strain â” und other half of Violeta Barrios de Chamorro who subsequential went on to be reformed President of Nicaragua (1990-1996).
		Speaking about her other half to the participants of the 1998 IPI World Congress in Moscow, Violeta said: âDuring unabridged life, Pedro JoaquÃn Chamorro was a tireless fighter for democracy in Nicaragua und against the dictatorship of Somoza.
		It is engrossing to memo that while at the believed that Chamorro was killed by Somoza's "henchmen", President Violeta Barrios de Chamorro was impotent to bargain either conclusive effects that would that Somoza had successioned valedictory while her presidency or before.
	en.33of100e.info /Pedro_Chamorro (1091 words)

	RIT - News & Events: Former Nicaraguan president chosen for Isaiah Thomas Award
		Yet, Chamorro's newspaper remained the sole medium of independent communication in Nicaragua and is hailed as a factor in the triumph of peace and democracy in the country.
		In September 1989, Chamorro was nominated as the presidential candidate in the February 1990 general election by the Union Nacional Opositora, an alliance of 14 political parties.
		Chamorro completed her term of seven years on Jan. 10, 1997, with the honor of having been the first Nicaraguan president in this century to have transmitted power to a new civilian president through free and open elections.
	www.rit.edu /~930www/NewsEvents/1998/May01/award.html (431 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Chamorro,
		Chamorro, Violeta Barrios de CHAMORRO, VIOLETA BARRIOS DE [Chamorro, Violeta Barrios de], 1929-, president of Nicaragua (1990-97).
		Family photos of Violeta Chamorro with her husband, Pedro Joaquin Chamorro, who was assassinated in 1978.
		Chamorro leadership assailed, but there's no alternative, experts say.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Chamorro, (669 words)

	Violeta Barrios de Chamorro
		Violeta Barrios de Chamorro grew up in a wealthy family in the southern Nicaraguan town of Rivas.
		After Nicaragua's dictator government was overthrown in 1979, Barrios de Chamorro hoped that conditions in Nicaragua would improve under the new president.
		Barrios de Chamorro decided to run for president herself.
	www.eduplace.com /kids/socsci/il/books/bkf2/biographies/bk_template.jsp?name=chamorrov&bk=bkf2 (218 words)

	H.E. Violetta Barrios de Chamorro (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		When Violeta Barrios married Pedro Chamorro, she knew that she was marrying a man whose life was devoted to politics.
		Devoted to the memory of her martyred husband, committed to her religious faith and to her faith in democracy, Violeta Chamorro ruled from the heart and led her country from disaster to recovery.
		Violeta Barrios de Chamorro is honored as the recipient of the 1997 Path to Peace Award.
	www.thepathtopeacefoundation.org /violeta_chamorro.html (466 words)

	NotiSur - Latin American Political Affairs; January 17, 1997
		Chamorro declined to hand Aleman the sash since she considers him a collaborator of former dictator Anastasio Somoza, who was responsible for the assassination of her husband, Pedro Joaquin Chamorro.
		Chamorro applauded the court's 9-3 vote in favor of abrogating the laws, while Sandinista Deputy Rafael Solis said it "broke down constitutional order," and the FSLN daily newspaper Barricada called it "a blow to democracy." As she prepared to turn over the presidency, Chamorro received warm accolades for her achievements.
		Poverty is estimated at 60% of the urban population and 70% of the rural population.
	ssdc.ucsd.edu /news/notisur/h97/notisur.19970117.html (3155 words)

	AllRefer.com - Violeta Barrios de Chamorro (Nicaragua History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Violeta Barrios de Chamorro[vE´´ulet´ bAr´yOs thA chAmO´rO] Pronunciation Key, 1929–;, president of Nicaragua (1990–97).
		Opposed to the direction of the revolution, she resigned and converted the Chamorro family newspaper, La Prensa, into a major opposition organ.
		She was elected president in an upset victory (1990), becoming the first woman to govern a Central American nation.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/C/ChamorroVB.html (223 words)

	CHAMORRO'S STORY ALMOST TOO PERFECT TO BELIEVE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Senora de Chamorro got involved in the overthrow of the Somozas several months later, and then found herself, as one of the five-person junta temporarily ruling the country, being used as window-dressing by Daniel and Umberto Ortega, leaders of the Sandinistas.
		Violeta Chamorro's presidency is in its sixth year, and it seems miraculous that so much has been done under the guidance of a woman who had never held public office before and who is as comfortable reporting the personalities of her grandchildren as the components of Nicaragua's growth index.
		Violeta Barrios de Chamorro was elected president of Nicaragua.
	scholar.lib.vt.edu /VA-news/VA-Pilot/issues/1996/vp961027/10280193.htm (632 words)

	LEXIS-NEXIS® Academic Universe - Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Though Chamorro initially threatened to fire all the strikers, the May dispute was settled when the government negotiated an agreement giving the unions a modest wage increase.
		Chamorro was reportedly being advised to take a hard line with the unions by legislators elected on her United Nicaraguan Opposition (UNO) ticket, and by the U.S. Embassy.
		Chamorro would be well advised to follow the formula that has worked so well in managing the army -- a willingness to respond positively to the legitimate interests of her opponents.
	www.american.edu /faculty/leogrande/nic-chamorro-digging.htm (1231 words)

	1990-1996: THE CHAMORRO GOVERMENT, Nicaragua Tourist Information and Travel Guide at InfoHub.com
		Although there were extreme right-wing forces in her coalition, Violeta was seen as an acceptable moderate and with Chamorro's election victory came peace: the US lifted their embargo and cut off supplies to the Contras.
		Violeta Chamorro's inner circle, the members of the cabinet who effectively decided policy, managed to resolve the crisis by working with the Sandinista leadership during the months of the strikes; in doing so, they alienated the extreme right-wing element in the coalition, which wanted to crush Sandinismo once and for all.
		To her credit, Violeta Chamorro managed to hold the government together during the six-year term, but during the 1996 election campaign right-wing forces gathered around the former Mayor of Managua, Arnoldo Alemán.
	www.infohub.com /destinations/central-america-&-caribbean/Nicaragua/87644.htm (902 words)

	[No title]
		Chamorro's victory over Ortega was achieved with only 55 percent of the vote, which means that 45 percent of the voters cast their ballots for the Sandinistas, who destroyed the economy, repressed the people, and glorified some evil world leaders.
		Chamorro had little choice after her election in 1990 but to accept continuing Sandinista control of the army and police, but ousting Gen. Humberto Ortega, the army commander, has always been a priority for the right and its Washington allies.
		Violeta Chamorro, who was elected president of Nicaragua in 1990, has no real authority over the army's General Humberto Ortega, who, for many Nicaraguans, has become the country's leading symbol of injustice, brutality, power, and avarice.
	lal.tulane.edu /RESTRICTED/CABIB/nicabib_.txt (10690 words)

	Amazon.ca: Dreams of the Heart: The Autobiography of President Violeta Barrios De Chamorro of Nicaragua: Books: Vileta ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The assassination of her husband, journalist Pedro Joaquin Chamorro Cardenal in 1978, who exposed the corruption and atrocities of the Nicaraguan dictator Anastasio Somoza Debayle, thrust Violeta Barrios de Chamorro into the political spotlight.
		But she quickly became disillusioned with the Sandinistas, whom she accuses of betraying the revolution by choking civil liberties, crippling the private sector, assassinating opponents, squandering public assets for personal gain and erecting a state monopoly that led to even greater inefficiency and corruption.
		Chamorro, who was elected president in 1990, defends her political course, equidistant from the CIA-backed Contras and the communists.
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/0684810557 (413 words)

	Chamorro's Challenges
		Chamorro - wife of martyred newspaper editor Pedro Joaqu'in Chamorro - spoke to nearly 50,000 followers from the National Opposition Union (UNO) in the simple, moralistic tones she favors.
		Do"na Violeta, as she is universally known, has been a reluctant symbol in Nicaragua ever since her husband's 1978 murder turned the tide against dictator Anastasio Somoza Debayle and helped the Sandinista Front storm their way into power.
		Chamorro, an outsider with few ideological conviction, has been largely successful in keeping the various parties under the blue and white UNO banner.
	www.owlnet.rice.edu /~poli354/Nicaragua/900202_Nicaragua_Elect.html (850 words)

	Violeta Barrios de Chamorro 1929- (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Violeta Barrios de Chamorro grew up in a wealthy family in the southern Nicaraguan town of Rivas.
		After Nicaragua's dictator government was overthrown in 1979, Barrios de Chamorro hoped that conditions in Nicaragua would improve under the new president.
		Barrios de Chamorro decided to run for president herself.
	www.bonus.com /contour/wackywebtales/http@@/www.eduplace.com/cgi-bin/schtemplate.cgi?template=/kids/hmss05/bkf1/biographies/bkf1_chamorrov.thtml (218 words)

	Nicaragua - Chapter 4. Government and Politics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In her predawn acceptance speech the morning after her election, President-elect Chamorro tried to establish a climate of reconciliation, stating that there were neither victors nor vanquished in the election.
		President Chamorro's cooperation with the Sandinistas, particularly her decision to retain Humberto Ortega Saavedra as head of the army, has led her supporters to accuse her of capitulating and establishing a "cogovernment " with the defeated Sandinistas, rather than reforming the political system in cooperation with her electoral partners.
		Her government also has been accused by members of the UNO coalition of excessively concentrating power in the hands of a small group of members of her extended family, promoting the same brand of government practiced under the Somoza family dynasty: centralizing power in a small group instead of expanding it in a democratic fashion.
	www.country-data.com /cgi-bin/query/r-9276.html (524 words)

	RIC Query - Nicaragua (25 October 2001) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Violeta governed as a centrist, anxious to heal the rifts in Nicaraguan society (Walker 2000, 76-77).
		Chamorro issued a statement to the press saying she would head a coalition if the Conservative Party (the only other party with an electoral registration allowing it to field candidates against the PLC and FSLN) would select candidates from all of the allied groups.
		Another example is Carlos Chamorro, son of Violeta Barrios de Chamorro, who edited the party newspaper Barricada for 14 years before being fired by the party leadership for being too independent (Darling 22 July 2000).
	uscis.gov /graphics/services/asylum/ric/documentation/NIC02001.htm (3121 words)

	Violeta Barrios de Chamorro - SourceWatch
		Violeta Barrios de Chamorro "was President of Nicaragua between 1990—1997, and was the first woman to govern a Central American nation.
		The Wisdom of the Martyred newspaper editor Joaquian Chamorro, she briefly joined the ruling Sandinista junta following the 1979 revolution.
		In office, she instituted a program of national reconciliation, brought an end to the U. S—backed Contra war and ended Sandinista control of the media." [1]
	www.sourcewatch.org /index.php?title=Violeta_Chamorro (203 words)

	Violeta Chamorro - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Violeta Chamorro - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		UNO received 55 percent of the vote, and Chamorro handlily defeated Ortega in the presidential election.
		Violeta Chamorro, 1929 births, Presidents of Nicaragua and Female heads of government.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Violeta_Chamorro (306 words)

	NICARAGUA IMF Paper (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The economic stabilization and adjustment programs implemented by President Violeta Barrios de Chamorro in the early 1990s, and more recently by President Arnoldo Aleman, is a version of the standard prescription applied by the IMF in over 60 countries in the South.
		Early in 1990, the Barrios de Chamorro Administration implemented a process of financial deregulation in response to the IMF mandates.
		This policy was endorsed in the June 1994 ESAF and, as this was a three-year agreement, continued in force until the end of the Barrios de Chamorro Administration in January 1997.
	www.developmentgap.org /imfnicaragua.html (7890 words)

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