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	Piano Phase - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Piano Phase is a piece of music written in 1967 by the minimalist composer Steve Reich for two pianos.
		It is his first attempt at applying his "phasing" technique which he had previously used in the tape pieces It's Gonna Rain (1965) and Come Out (1966) to live performance.
		Reich's phasing works generally have two identical lines of music, which begin by playing synchronously, but slowly become out of phase with one another when one of them slightly speeds up.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Piano_Phase (477 words)

	Violin Phase - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Violin Phase, written by minimalist composer Steve Reich in 1967, is an example of his phasing technique previously used in Piano Phase in which the music itself is created not by the instruments but by interactions of temporal variations on an original melody.
		In "Violin Phase", two violins are recorded and played back, together at first.
		A new melody is formed by the interaction of the two out of sync instruments and is then accented by a third violin.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Violin_Phase (159 words)

	Violin Phase (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		"Violin Phase is one of a number of earlier works all dealing with repeating patterns gradually going in and out of phase with each other.
		All the gradual shifts of phase are accomplished by the performer moving slowly ahead of the stationary tape." Steve Reich
		This is a sort of a re-interpretation of the famous Violin Phase by Steve Reich: http://digilander.libero.it/eeegggooo/reich.html
	www.lichtensteiger.de /violin_phase.html (91 words)

	Piano Phase (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Generally, speaking, Reich's phasing works have two identical lines of music, which begin by playing synchronously, but slowly become out of phase with one another when one of them slightly speeds up.
		The piece is played without breaks at any stage, and a typical performance may last around fifteen minutes.
		Reich further developed this technique in pieces like Violin Phase (also 1967) and Clapping Music (1972), and it is often used alongside other techniques in later works, such as The Desert Music (1984).
	bopedia.com /en/wikipedia/p/pi/piano_phase.html (369 words)

	reich (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		This phasing involves the repetition of a single idea which through the phrasing process caused by the differing speeds of the tape recorder to create various musical effects.
		Violin Phase is for either 1 live violinist and a tape part made by the performer (the tape containing three other violin parts) or by 4 violinists.
		The length of the piece is determined by the phasing of the pattern through its 10 components.
	www.sinc.sunysb.edu /Class/mus352/notes/reich.htm (1336 words)

	Steve Reich: Annotated Bibliography
		"The Phase Shifting Pulse Gate" is one of the analytical essays, where the composer explains how, influenced by the Balinese gamelan and the hocketing procedures in Medieval music, he started to shift out of phase the different tones of a pulsing chord, transforming them into a rippling broken chord first, and then into melodic patterns.
		Emphasis is made on the analysis of the process of phase shifting, originally an electronic process, and its transference to live instrumental means.
		"Phasing", "linear additive process", "block additive process", "overlapping pattern work", "textural additive process", are all different processes defined by minimalist composers from the 1960s to the present; the transition techniques between them are labeled "splicing" and "dovetailing".
	theory.music.indiana.edu /isaacso/t556/bibliographies/reich.html (840 words)

	IVCI 2006 Competition Overview
		During the ROMANTIC FINAL phase, the same six laureates perform the most thrilling concertos of the 19th and 20th centuries with Maestro Michael Stern and the Indianapolis Symphony Orchestra in the Hilbert Circle Theatre.
		In each phase, emphasis is placed on providing ideal rehearsal and performance conditions so that the highest level of musicianship can be achieved.
		The repertory of the IVCI, because of its stylistic demands in four phases of performance, establishes a remarkably broad survey of the violin.
	www.violin.org /2006comp/overview.html (790 words)

	Steve Reich works - notes
		When these phase relationships have been fully constructed, one or two other pianists then double some of the many melodic patterns resulting from this four or five piano relationship.
		In Violin Phase the performer plays against one, then two, and finally three pre-recorded tape tracks of himself.
		All the gradual shifts of phase are accomplished by the performer moving slowly ahead of the stationary tape.
	www.topologymusic.com /reich_notes.htm (2755 words)

	Violin Lessons... online tutorial
		The instruments wood structure is suseptical to moisture and temperature absorption, therefor causing the wood to distort and the pitch to become inconsistent.
		When the string rings in phase with the reference note there will be no pulsation and the string will be in tune.
		Rest the violin comfortably on the shoulder, with the left hand under the neck where the neck joins the body.
	www.fortunecity.com /greenfield/panda/13/mmst/less1.htm (404 words)

	Tift Recital/Lecture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Matthew Tift will present a performance and discussion of the work "Violin Phase" during a 3 p.m.
		Tift, a BSU senior who is graduating this spring, is presenting the music history lecture and violin recital in partial fulfillment of requirements to receive a bachelor of arts degree in music from the University.
		"Violin Phase" was written for four violins by 20th century minimalist composer Steve Reich.
	info.bemidjistate.edu /News/music/archive/tift.html (234 words)

	Amazon.com: Steve Reich: Octet; Music for a Large Ensemble; Violin Phase: Music: Judith Sugarman,Lewis Paer,Chris ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The pure tonal palette that he achieves with the 30 plus ensemble in the self titled is incredible, and the complexity and busyness of the 4 part phase shifting of Violin Phase is not to be missed.
		"Violin Phase" is a great multi-faceted phase piece, unlike his 2-part phases of the previous years, and exploits the remarkable talents of Shem Guibbory.
		Forget "Violin Phase" which really is just filler, and from an earlier era in Reich's development.
	www.amazon.com /Steve-Reich-Ensemble-Violin-Phase/dp/B0000261I7 (1234 words)

	Steve Reich - Triple Quartet (Nonesuch)
		The second is a new arrangement of "Violin Phase" for electric guitar, entitled "Electric Guitar Phase." Next comes a new recording of 1977’s "Music for a Large Ensemble." And to close out the collection, "Vermont Counterpoint" is re-done as "Tokyo/Vermont Counterpoint," with flutes eradicated in favor of MIDI controller marimbas.
		For those unfamiliar with Reich’s phasing work: a single melody line is played, beginning just on one instrument, and then on a second.
		This piece can be found on a 1980 ECM release along with the original "Violin Phase," and although there’s virtually no difference in the music in this version (aside from the tempo being maybe half a beat slower), the production is warmer, with a more natural room-reverb, giving it a more receptive quality.
	www.fakejazz.com /reviews/2001/reich.shtml (1034 words)

	[No title]
		It is his first "phase" piece involving a live performer - coming a few months before his more widely known and more developed "Piano Phase" and "Violin Phase".
		"Reed Phase" consists of a continuously repeated 5-note melodic pattern played on prerecorded tape (or at this point some other way) while the live musician performs the same melody, starting in unison with the tape and then gradually accelerating to a slightly faster speed, thereby "phasing" slowly across the recorded melody.
		"Reed Phase" is probably the first formal western composition to require circular breathing (a technique that allows a wind player to play continuously for a number of minutes without stopping for air) as a performance practice.
	www.chez.com /oscar/reich/disque/good.html (547 words)

	Amazon.com: Reich: Triple Quartet, Music for a Large Ensemble, Electric Guitar Phase: Music: Kronos Quartet,Alan ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Electric Guitar Phase is worth hearing for a re-interpretation of Violin Phase, because the resulting patterns sound so interesting with such a different light shone on them.
		Electric Guitar Phase is a rescoring of Violin Phase, and it sounds very different from the original.
		Violin Phase sounds markedly futuristic, compelling, rescored for electric guitar -- especially the swarming pulse section in the middle.
	www.amazon.com /Reich-Quartet-Ensemble-Electric-Guitar/dp/B00005NSQT (1451 words)

	Random Phase Music Generator
		These settings are not related to the phasing process, but they make the music sounds more human.
		He then applied his technique to live performances in his Piano Phase (1967) and Violin Phase (1967).
		Phasing is the process of looping the same pattern of music on two or more tape recorders (running at slightly different speeds), so they will slowly shift out of synchronization and produce the out of phase effect.
	phase.sourceforge.net (361 words)

	homestudio - revue audiolab
		Edward Strickland writes that "Reich was to systematize the phenomenon, whereas Riley in characteristic fashion had been playing the tape-loops in reverse, changing their speed randomly and so on." 20 What Reich did was to create, in his own words, a "new canonic procedure" out of the effect that Riley touched upon.
		Come Out (1966) is another work in which Reich applies the phasing process to recorded voice, but soon afterwards he began to apply the same phasing process to acoustic instruments in Piano Phase (1967) and Violin Phase (1967), which can be performed either with one violin and electronic tape or with four violins.
		While Violin Phase can use up to for violins, the 1971 work Drumming is scored for four pairs of bongos, three marimbas, three glockenspiels, and voices.
	audiolabo.free.fr /revue1999/content/minimal4.html (602 words)

	Violin Phase I (JB Mix), created by JBescup and presented through ACIDplanet.com
		I like to sample stuff occasionally, mostly old 70's jazz and funk music, but I must confess a violin sample is not something that would spring to mind as being ideal material to build a a tune around.
		I thought there was some disharmony about 1minute into the track when the violin sample and the strings come together, not sure about that unfortunetly.
		I confirm, that violin loop at the beginning was awsome.
	www.acidplanet.com /artist.asp?PID=219503&t=1 (408 words)

	NewMusicbox
		Many of his tempo canons for player piano feature melodies going in and out of phase with themselves, which is exactly what happens in Reich's early phase pieces.
		Many of Cowell's suggestions point to the possibility of phase-shifting, having regular rhythmic units go in and out of phase at the same time.
		Duckworth, in his 1978-79 magnum opus, creates additive phrases whose lengths are based on the Fibonacci series.
	www.newmusicbox.org /printerfriendly.nmbx?id=1533 (838 words)

	Interview with Albert Spalding - ViolinMP3.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		To me it means effortless mastery of details; the correlating of them into a perfect whole; the subjecting of them to the expression of an architecture which is music.
		It means a facility which will enable the interpreter to forget difficulties, and to express at once in a language that will seem clear, simple and eloquent, that which in the hands of others appears difficult, obtuse and dull.
		"In the technical field, the phase of violin technic which is less developed, it seems to me is, in most cases, bowing.
	www.violinmp3.com /interview-albert-spalding.html (1049 words)

	s t e v e r e i c h (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Further tape loop experiments led to Come Out (1966), another phased tape loop piece based on a recording of the voice of Daniel Hamm, a member of the Harlem Six (a group of fl teens who had been arrested and brutalised by police during the tension-filled '60's).
		When he found that he could repeat the phasing process with a bit of practice, he recruited a second piano player to take the place of the orginal tape loop, thereby removing the tape entirely and letting the slight discrepencies of human performance contribute to the rhythm of the piece.
		This discovery led to a string of breakthrough compositions, Piano Phase (1967), Violin Phase (1967) and Four Organs (1970).
	home.earthlink.net /~jkannenberg/reich/bio3.html (295 words)

	Classical Net - Basic Repertoire List - Reich
		This process was later incorporated into several pieces for traditional acoustic instruments (or instruments and tape), such as in "Piano Phase" (1967) and "Violin Phase" (1967).
		In addition to the initial process of phasing, Reich also introduces into "Violin Phase" the notion of "found" or "resulting" patterns (new melodic figures created from the overlapping voices of the original "theme").
		Through phasing procedures and further "build-up and reduction," new melodic and harmonic patterns are created – these are brought to the fore by doublings, first by female voice, then by whistling, and finally by piccolo.
	www.classical.net /music/comp.lst/reich.html (860 words)

	a question about 20th century violin music
		I would have to add the Schnittke violin concerti and Bryars concerto "Bulls of Bashan" and some more but I could be here all night but those are two that immediately came to mind.
		The writing itself feels good on the violin and is a joy to play.
		There is also music that is being written whose purpose is something beyond simply being beautiful; much if it is meant to elicit a strong response whether it be shock, disgust or pure amazement.
	www.violinist.com /discussion/response.cfm?ID=7581 (943 words)

	Windham Hill (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		For this recording, Ensemble Modern created its own new tape, a demanding task that required the utmost precision from clarinetist Roland Diry (playing all the parts), but resulted in a fresh interpretation of the work.
		Violin Phase, written in 1967 and performed here by Jagdish Mistry, is one of the works with which Reich established himself as a distinctive new compositional voice.
		It features four violin parts, all played here by Mistry, in which repetitive musical patterns are transformed in the process of the performance.
	www.windham.com /albums/product.jsp?id=74321664592 (475 words)

	Classical Net Review - Reich - Triple Quartet, etc.
		Electric Guitar Phase is a new version of Violin Phase, a work written in 1967.
		Reich increases the inherent interest connected with the idea by fading parts in and out of the mix to create a terraced effect.
		Electric Guitar Phase, hardly your usual heavy metal workout, is obsessive and interesting, but not too innovative.
	www.classical.net /music/recs/reviews/n/non79546a.html (527 words)

	Barnes & Noble.com - Music: Music for 18 Musicians, Steve Reich, CD
		Three high-register female voices, clarinet, violin, cello, maracas, piano, and xylophone blend into each other for 70 minutes of pulsing note-modulations that are paced to correspond with the breathing patterns of the musicians themselves.
		After Reich's initial experiments with phase music, he moved on to exploring pulse -- music that had no relation to melody, but would repeat phrases of either one or several notes, increasing then decreasing in volume as long as the musician had the stamina.
		The original recording in 1978 on ECM records was a major step forward for Reich and legitimized his music beyond the experimentation of such works as "Violin Phase." Where the phase work felt insular and looped, Music for 18 Musicians stretches as far as the eye can see.
	music.barnesandnoble.com /search/product.asp?userid=zC2p2P4Ai0&ean=75597944822 (580 words)

	Browse by Label: NEW TONE (ITALY)
		Important because it is the first available recording of a live performance of Steve Reich's music played by real musicians and moreover by an ensemble.
		Up to then his main work 'It's Gonna Rain' and 'Come Out' for magnetic tape and the various 'phase' (violin phase, piano phase, reed phase) for solo/duo instruments.
		In 'Four Organs' (and maracas) it is presented, for the first time, the 'slow motion music': the basic chord becomes longer and longer, resembling the movement of the pendulum that slowly reaches the quietness, the same for the composition that at the end acquires the ecstatic quality of Indian mantras.
	www.forcedexposure.com /labels/new.tone.italy.html (1139 words)

	THELINKS
		Thanks to the folks at rec.music.compose for informing me that a published score of 18 is in the works and may appear later on this year by Boosey and Hawkes.
		Octet, according to Reich, is an evolution of the MFALE and 18 song structures, but with it's more traditional approach to instrumentation, it lacks a certain groove.
		Violin Phase is one of Reich's many phase pieces.
	pw1.netcom.com /~huang/thelinks.htm (172 words)

	Shem Guibbory - violinist (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Shem Guibbory is recognized as an accomplished violin soloist and chamber musician whose interpretations have received international acclaim.
		The original violinist in "Steve Reich and Musicians," his recording of Violin Phase is now a classic of American avant-garde music.
		He was co-director of NovEnsemble, a company dedicated to performance of live music and dance, and collaborated with Belgian choreographer Anne-Theresa de Keersmaker and Bhutto master Koichi Tamano.
	www.trussel.com /shem/shem2.htm (230 words)

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