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	Carleen Hutchins' Instruments and Archives at the National Music Museum
		Springfield, Massachusetts, 1911), surrounded by the Museum's violin octet during the annual meetings of the Catgut Acoustical Society and Guild of American Luthiers, held at the National Music Museum in June 1992.
		Hutchins is best known for her creation of the violin octet, a set of violins in various sizes reminiscent of the Renaissance consort and the 19th-century experiments of Adolphe Sax (1814-1894) who focused on creating a homogeneity of sound in his saxhorn and saxophone families.
		The impetus for the development of the violin octet came in the form of a challenge posed to Hutchins in 1957 by the noted American composer of acoustically spatial music, Henry Brant (b.
	www.usd.edu /smm/Archives/NewViolinFamily/NewViolinFamily.html (624 words)

	EUCHMI Catalogue Volume 3 Part C
		Soprano violin of the New Violin Octet (Hutchins, Montclair NJ, 1968)
		Tenor violin of the New Violin Octet (Hutchins, Montclair NJ, 1971)
		Baritone violin of the New Violin Octet (Hutchins, Montclair NJ, 1973)
	www.music.ed.ac.uk /euchmi/ucj/ucjtc.html (407 words)

	New Violin Family Association
		The VIOLIN OCTET differs from the existing violin family of violin, viola, cello, and bass in which their chief acoustic characteristics are not only different from the violin but from each other.
		The Treble Violin is included in many of the compositions written specifically for the Octet; one use is to add clarity and brilliance to the ensemble, especially playing on its upper strings in combination with the Soprano Violin.
		Therefore, for Alto Violin it is customary to provide both a concert pitch part (in alto clef; same as you would write for viola) and a "'cello clef" transposed part (sounding a Perfect 8va higher than written with the part written the same as you would for violoncelli; i.e., primarily in bass clef).
	www.newviolinfamily.org /8tet.html (2421 words)

	New Family of Violins Hosts "Coming Out" Party
		October 28, 2005--A new consort of eight acoustically matched violins has revived a long-lost musical concept among instrument makers and musicians that dates back to the 16 th century and is now poised to re-enter the musical mainstream.
		That knowledge was lost." She surmises that the tone of these early octets was poor, and when the great 17 th century violin builders began producing violins with exquisite resonances perfectly suited to the performance needs of the era, the earlier designs were abandoned.
		The violin maker would flex the wood plate in his or her hand and tap them with a fingertip while holding it close to the ear, listening to the resulting ring.
	www.aip.org /isns/reports/2005/018.html (1193 words)

	classical music - andante - enescu: piano quintet; octet in c, op. 7 (arr. desyatnikov)
		The Octet, scored in its original version for double string quartet, is an astonishing masterpiece: a work of breathtaking confidence for a composer only 19 years old.
		Where the Octet is all ambitious swagger, the FaurÃ©an Quintet is elusive, shy in stating its material, the tonality fugitive, the string-writing in the first of its two movements often engaged in some private conversation over the elliptical piano part, the themes half-glimpsed, like refracted memories of folk song.
		Unlike the Octet, which bundles you along in its enthusiasm, the Quintet is not an easy nut to crack.
	www.andante.com /article/article.cfm?id=18310 (603 words)

	Annotated Checklist of Carleen Hutchins' Instruments at the National Music Museum
		Mezzo violin by Carleen Maley Hutchins, Laird Carlson, and Alan Carruth, Montclair, New Jersey, 1977.
		Tenor violin by Carleen Maley Hutchins, Louis M. Dunham, and Burritt Miller, Montclair and Maplewood, New Jersey, 1971.
		Violin, Le Gruyère, by Carleen Maley Hutchins, Montclair, New Jersey, 1982.
	www.usd.edu /smm/Archives/NewViolinFamily/HutchinsChecklist.html (3550 words)

	Carleen Maley Hutchins - The Violin Octet
		After the first alto and soprano violins were in playing condition, Schelleng developed a scaling theory for the violin family that included the traditional four instruments of the violin family and the eight new members of the octet.
		Conventional string instruments relate to the octet in the following ways: the violin has the same tuning as the mezzo, the viola the same tuning as the alto, the cello the same tuning as the baritone, and the double bass the same tuning as the contrabass violin.
		That Schelleng did not share the enthusiasm of Hutchins and others about the future of the octet reflects the conservative nature of musicians and their world, but it should be noted that in the thirty years that the octet has existed that they continue to be played and demonstrated.
	www.newviolinfamily.org /cmh/cmh-octet.html (3606 words)

	The Jon Rose Web - Tenor violin
		Violin makers kept pointing at the instrument and saying derogatory things about its size - size has always mattered in the violin world.
		But you can buy sets of 'octave' violin strings these days, encouraging jazzers and fiddlers to take the tenor option by fitting any regular violin up to sound an octave lower than is legal.
		Similar problems affect the popularity of the Hutchins tenor violin, a member of the awesome violin octet, none of which are standard issue string instruments.
	www.jonroseweb.com /c_articles_tenor_violin.html (958 words)

	NASA - Violin Maker Explains the Science Behind the Instrument
		She will describe the differences between the tonal qualities of the violin, viola, and cello, the modal tuning of the completed violin including fingerboard and tailpiece, and the scientific basis for the musically successful development of the Violin Octet.
		In addition to constructing over 100 instruments of the new Violin Octet family, she has constructed 75 violins, 165 violas, and 12 cellos.
		By studying the acoustical properties of each instrument during construction and assembly, her work has resulted in a test that violin makers worldwide are using to produce consistently fine sounding instruments.
	www.nasa.gov /lb/centers/langley/news/releases/1999/Mar99/99-011.html (274 words)

	The Metropolitan Museum of Art - Press Room - Current Press Releases
		The traditional members of the violin family, consisting of violin, viola, and bass, have acoustic characteristics and construction that differ from one another.
		Octets comprised of Hutchins's instruments have been established, music has been composed for them, and recordings have been made.
		The New Violin Family: Augmenting the String Section is co-curated by Ken Moore, Frederick P. Rose Curator in Charge, and Stewart Pollens, Associate Conservator, of the Museum's Department of Musical Instruments.
	www.metmuseum.org /news/newspressrelease.asp?PressReleaseId={2166FC8F-9960-11D6-9443-00902786BF44} (483 words)

	Violin family - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The modern violin family consists of the violin, viola and cello, along with the double bass.
		While the violin, viola and cello are true members of the ancestral violin family, the double bass's origins are generally believed to be of the viol family, due to its sloping shoulders, its tuning, and its sometimes flat back.
		Both the violin and the viola are played under the chin, the viola being the larger of the two instruments, with a playing range reaching a perfect fifth below the violin's.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Violin_family (589 words)

	Spiff Records: Catalog of Recordings: CD # 1.4.005
		Even the Violin Concerto in E minor, which Ferdinand David had first performed in a concert on March 13, 1845 at the Leipzig Gewandhaus conducted by Niels W. Gade (it is noteworthy that Mendelssohn himself conducted only the second performance in Leipzig), is by no means the product of pure inspiration.
		The E minor Violin Concerto is not the only contribution which Mendelssohn made to the genre of violin concerto.
		According to an instruction in the original manuscript, Mendelssohn intended his octet to be played "in the style of a symphony orchestra." The decision to use a string orchestra as an alternative to a strictly chamber performance this in no way contradicts Mendelssohn's own intentions.
	www.jdrn.com /spiff/catalog/14005.htm (605 words)

	Principal Second Violinist Chien Tan releases ground-breaking classical music video featuring treble violin
		The treble violin is the smallest of a new family of string instruments known as the violin octet.
		Approximately one-quarter the size of a standard violin, the treble violin has an exceptionally high range; its highest string is made of high-tech carbon rocket wire, which is necessary to withstand the extreme tension of its tuning.
		Although similar to a standard violin, there are distinct differences: the “f” holes are longer, the neck is narrower but the fingerboard is both thicker and wider, while the body is slightly thinner.
	www.orsymphony.org /news/0405/1203_trebleviolin.html (1135 words)

	NewMusicbox
		An Octet spent three years in the Royal College of Music, London where their new sounds were explored and new music composed for them.
		Another Octet was loaned for three years to the Conservatory of Music in St Petersburg, Russia, where eight distinguished professionals and professors performed many concerts to standing ovations and enthusiastic reviews with several fine recordings and numerous new compositions resulting.
		This exhibit was set up along with an Octet concert in the Grace Rainey Rogers Auditorium of the museum a year ago in May and will be there at least through September 2003.
	www.newmusicbox.org /printerfriendly.nmbx?id=2162 (1285 words)

	Violin makers Birute and Czes - Kul Violins Studio website - Instruments
		Additionally, sometimes we are making violins from a newly developed Violin Octet.
		These instruments are invented on a basis of comprehensive research, so their sounding surpasses that of classic violin family instruments in almost all aspects.
		A lot of careful workmanship has obviously gone into the violin, which is very elegant and distinctive in looks.
	www.kulviolins.com /instruments.html (381 words)

	Chien Tan - The Treble Violin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The treble violin is a 20th century creation founded primarily by Dr. Carleen Hutchins respected luthier and physicist.
		There are not many treble violins in the world, because Dr. Hutchins has been busy constructing by hand 75 violins of various sizes, 165 violas and 12 cellos.
		The E string on the treble violin is particularly special in that it is made of carbon rocket wire.
	www.trebleviolin.com /trebviolin.html (194 words)

	Amazon.ca: Octet/Music For A Large Ens: Music: Steve Reich,Bob Becker,Elizabeth Arnold,Virgil Blackwell,Robert ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Octet was a step forward showing his growing interest in complex melodies, and was certainly another evolution in his writing style.
		"Violin Phase" is a great multi-faceted phase piece, unlike his 2-part phases of the previous years, and exploits the remarkable talents of Shem Guibbory.
		However, it is the "Octet" that takes the prize on this collection, or any other for that matter.
	www.amazon.ca /Octet-Music-Large-Steve-Reich/dp/B0000261I7 (657 words)

	Mendelssohn: Violin Concerto
		His parents encouraged an extensive musical education (more in the interests of producing a cultured son of a wealthy family than in fostering a career in the arts), and impromptu chamber concerts were common in the home.
		Ferdinand Hiller, the conductor, substituted the Mendelssohn violin concerto.
		This movement is structured in a ``question and answer'' form, with the violin and orchestra trading lively ideas and challenges back and forth with ever-mounting glee until they finally marshal their forces to agree on an ending statement that leaves the audience clamoring for more.
	fmg-www.cs.ucla.edu /geoff/prognotes/mendelssohn/violinCon.html (661 words)

	March 2, 1999 Colloquium Lecture
		The violin makers of the 16th, 17th, and early 18th Centuries such as the Amatis, Stradivari, and Guarneri del Jesu must have used the age-old intuitive science of instrument making to create their amazingly effective violins left to us today.
		The first actual measurements of violin vibrating properties apparently were done by the physicist Felix Savart working with the famous French violin maker J. Vuillaume in the early 19th Century.
		Investigators are probing deeply into the interactive physical and acoustical properties of violins by using circuit theory, holographic interferometry, modal analysis, finite element analysis, electron microscopy, surface intensity measurements, aero and fluid dynamics, and even CT scans.
	shemesh.larc.nasa.gov /Lectures/OldColloq/c-990302.htm (485 words)

	Violins: Carleen Hutchins Violin
		She has written extensively about the violin and has invented all sorts of new instruments and ways of studying string instruments.
		She invented a "new family" of instruments called the Violin Octet.
		This violin is along traditional lines and was made in 1983.
	www.zaretandsonsviolins.com /stringinstruments/violins/hutchins.html (97 words)

	CD Baby: FRANK LEWIN: Music for the New Family of Violins
		All eight of the new violins perform in the Sanctus; the Pleni Sunt Coeli is arranged for a quartet of soprano, mezzo, alto, and tenor violins.
		Lewin deftly displays groupings of the four highest and four lowest violins, including brief cadenzas by the contrabass, small bass, baritone, and tenor violins, followed by short passages for the mezzo and alto.
		The Violin Octet project, begun at the behest of composer Henry Brant, has produced a family of eight violins with a musical compass that spans the entire range of written music.
	www.cdbaby.com /cd/franklewin (538 words)

	The Jon Rose Web - String 'em Up - Berlin 1998
		This was intended as an overview of the violin as instrument and icon from a contemporary music standpoint.
		Her Violin Octet is a 20th Century development of the 16th Century Viol Consort concept of eight finely matched instruments.
		This modern violin consort consists of thorough scientifically researched instruments from the extra oversized double bass to a tiny treble violin, tuned one octave higher than the regular violin...
	www.jonroseweb.com /f_projects_string_em_up_berlin.html (742 words)

	The Hutchins Consort: musicians
		She was introduced to the violin at the age of nine.
		Weismehl is the recipient of the Joseph Gingold Award and the prestigious Kaufman Violin Prize.
		Gascia Ouzounian earned degrees in violin performance and computer music from McGill University in MontrÈal, where she was a student of Denise Lupien.
	www.hutchinsconsort.org /musicians.html (1632 words)

	Octave violin finished
		From what he's said it sounds like a violin tuned an octave below the string, but I thought the octave violin was a small violin that sounded an octave above the strings.
		The tiny violin one octave up from normal is known as the "treble violin".
		Gives sort of a violin type 12 string guitar sound (12 string guitar lower courses are often strung with heavy and light strings an octave apart).
	www.violinist.com /discussion/response.cfm?ID=7543 (1000 words)

	NYCB - After the Rain - Octet - Concertino - Violin Concerto - Clare Croft (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		He breaks Whelan’s lines, touching various moments with an angularity that juxtaposes well with the music, a physical harmony for the swelling musical melody—high above Soto’s head, she flexes her feet; dropped to the floor in a backbend, her elbows bend so that her forearms rest on the floor.
		Often in a pas de trois with two men and one woman, the woman looks to be controlled and manipulated by the men, but Sylve’s dancing and manner is so strong, she stands on equal footing with her male partners.
		In “Concertino” and “Stravinsky Violin Concerto” the orchestra was ably conducted by Maurice Kaplow.
	www.danceviewtimes.com /2005/Spring/09/nycb11.htm (890 words)

	Showing off with the double-bass 01/15/04
		For the Hutchins Consort is a group of musicians playing on different sized violins, from treble violin to Charlton’s bass violin, all developed and built by Carleen Hutchins over a period of many years.
		Each violin, no matter the size and pitch range, exhibits the same acoustical properties and shape as those of the traditional concert violin.
		Thus they are able to blend more harmoniously and more clearly with one another than, say, a typical string octet of violins, violas, cellos and double-basses.
	www.irvineworldnews.com /Bstories/jan15/ent.hutchins.html (1211 words)

	Violins, electric violins and violin accessories from top violin makers
		Our violins are made by Opus, one of the world’s most respected violin makers.
		Teachers and students across the country have found Opus violins easy to play with a richness of sound that is hard to find at such an affordable price.
		If you cannot find what you are looking for, or have a question about our violins, electric violins or violin accessories, please contact us.
	www.conradstrings.com /violins.asp (159 words)

	NewMusicbox
		FRANK J. You were the first composer to get involved with the Violin Octet, which is supposed to be a real violin ensemble of eight identically designed instruments across the pitch range.
		For instance, the instrument between the viola and the cello should have been there a long time ago and she made one and she finally made a very good one.
		Also, an instrument an octave above the violin so that you're not playing the violin way up, so that things could be done with lower tension, and larger basses… With the trombones I was able to get four and half [octaves] at most.
	www.newmusicbox.org /printerfriendly.nmbx?id=1965 (492 words)

	SalemNews.com, Salem, MA - Handcrafted music accents house tour
		Among the instruments she crafted was the Violin Octet, which she constructed at the request of Henry Brant, then a composer-in-residence at Bennington College in Vermont in 1957.
		Hutchins said Brant was looking for a violin maker "crazy enough" to try his idea - a set of violin-family instruments from a 7-foot stand-up bass to a treble violin.
		Treble violins are slightly smaller than regular violins but achieve a wider range than the standard violin family.
	www.salemnews.com /lifestyle/local_story_334121419 (459 words)

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