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Topic: Viral

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	Viral Gastroenteritis
		Viral gastroenteritis is an infection caused by a variety of viruses that results in vomiting or diarrhea.
		Viral gastroenteritis is not caused by bacteria (such as Salmonella or Escherichia coli) or parasites (such as Giardia), or by medications or other medical conditions, although the symptoms may be similar.
		Generally, viral gastroenteritis is diagnosed by a physician on the basis of the symptoms and medical examination of the patient.
	my.webmd.com /content/article/5/1680_51287.htm (764 words)

	Virus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The viral capsid may be either spherical or helical and is composed of proteins encoded by the viral genome.
		The most effective medical approaches to viral diseases, thus far, are vaccination to provide resistance to infection, and drugs that treat the symptoms of viral infections.
		Patients often ask for antibiotics, which are useless against viruses, and their misuse against viral infections is one of the causes of antibiotic resistance in bacteria.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Virus (2710 words)

	Viral marketing - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Viral marketing and viral advertising refer to marketing techniques that seek to exploit pre-existing social networks to produce exponential increases in brand awareness, through viral processes similar to the spread of an epidemic.
		Viral marketing is sometimes used to describe some sorts of Internet-based stealth marketing campaigns, including the use of web logs, seemingly amateur web sites, and other forms of astroturfing to create word of mouth for a new product or service.
		Viral marketing is popular because of the ease of executing the marketing campaign, relative low-cost (compared to direct mail), good targeting, and the high and rapid response rate.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Viral_marketing (1357 words)

	Dr. Koop - Viral Gastroenteritis- Health Encyclopedia and Reference
		However, it differs from the epidemic form in a number of important respects: it primarily affects infants and young children under two years of age, and it induces a range of responses that vary from subclinical infection to mild diarrhea, to a severe and occasionally life-threatening, dehydrating illness.
		Epidemic viral gastroenteritis has acquired various names in medical literature including "winter vomiting disease," "acute infectious nonbacterial gastroenteritis," "epidemic diarrhea and vomiting," "epidemic collapse," and "epidemic nausea and vomiting." In the lay press, it is frequently referred to as "intestinal flu" or "stomach flu." The last two terms are incorrect and should be avoided.
		The influenza virus does not cause epidemic viral gastroenteritis but instead is responsible for "the flu," a systemic, febrile (causes a fever) disease that predominantly involves the respiratory tract and not the digestive tract in humans.
	www.drkoop.com /encyclopedia/43/503.html (602 words)

	Viral Gastroenteritis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Viral gastroenteritis is an intestinal infection caused by several viruses.
		Viral gastroenteritis is often mistakenly called "stomach flu," but it is not caused by the influenza virus and it does not infect the stomach.
		Viral gastroenteritis is a highly contagious infection of the intestines caused by one of several viruses.
	digestive.niddk.nih.gov /ddiseases/pubs/viralgastroenteritis (1415 words)

	Viral Test
		Viral testing may be done to evaluate whether a person has developed immunity from a previous infection or after receiving the chickenpox vaccine.
		Viral antigens develop on the surface of cells infected with a specific virus.
		For a viral culture, a small sample of tissue or fluid that may be infected is placed in a container along with cells in which the virus can grow.
	my.webmd.com /hw/health_guide_atoz/hw235580.asp (1196 words)

	Postgraduate Medicine: Viral pneumonias
		Several studies have shown that bacterial and viral pathogens are identified in 26% to 77% of cases of community-acquired pneumonia (1-3).
		Faced with this growing population at risk for serious viral infections of the lower respiratory tract, clinicians need to understand the methods currently available for detecting respiratory viruses and be able to correlate clinical, radiographic, and laboratory findings to determine the causative role of recovered viruses in lower respiratory tract disease.
		Suspicion of a viral cause of pneumonia in a patient should be based on a combination of epidemiologic, clinical, radiographic, and laboratory characteristics.
	www.postgradmed.com /issues/2000/01_00/chien.htm (1948 words)

	Viral Meningitis Facts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Viral meningitis [VI-rul men-in-GI-tis] is a relatively common but rarely serious infection of the fluid in the spinal cord and the fluid that surrounds the brain.
		Viral meningitis is caused by any of a number of different viruses, many of which are associated with other diseases.
		Some viruses that cause viral meningitis are spread by person-to-person contact; others are spread by insects.
	www.astdhpphe.org /infect/vmenin.html (488 words)

	AIDS Fact Sheet: Viral Load Tests
		Viral loads are usually reported as copies of HIV in one milliliter of blood.
		The viral load should be measured within 2 to 8 weeks after treatment is started or changed, and every 3 to 4 months after that.
		Some people may think that if their viral load is undetectable, they can't pass the HIV virus to another person.
	www.aids.org /factSheets/125-Viral-Load-Tests.html (862 words)

	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Respiratory and Enteric Viruses Branch
		Viral or "aseptic" meningitis, which is the most common type, is caused by an infection with one of several types of viruses.
		About 90% of cases of viral meningitis are caused by members of a group of viruses known as enteroviruses, such as coxsackieviruses and echoviruses.
		Viral meningitis is usually diagnosed by laboratory tests of spinal fluid obtained with a spinal tap.
	www.cdc.gov /ncidod/dvrd/revb/enterovirus/viral_meningitis.htm (736 words)

	Institute of Food Science & Technology: Foodborne viral infections
		Prevention of foodborne viral illness requires good staff supervision and food handlers should be encouraged to report symptoms of illness as soon as they occur.
		Cases of viral hepatitis are most infectious before jaundice is apparent, but exclusion of food handlers from work for one week after the onset of jaundice is recommended.
		The prevention of foodborne viral illness depends heavily on staff education and a high level of awareness in the manufacturing and catering industries.
	www.ifst.org /hottop12.htm (2378 words)

	Viral Agent: 2 Headed Dogs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Asa Bailey Viral Advertising Agency is working with street teams across the USA and Europe to promote some new brand that has yet to be named.
		At The Viral Awards the other night I spoke to someone from the viral agency and he drunkenly said " fuck off - it’s not our fault if our clients still don't get viral advertising" as ever, straight to the point from the bad boys of viral advertising.
		Viral Agent brings you the best from the world of viral advertising, hand picked everyday for freshness and greatness.
	viralagent.blogspot.com /2005/01/2-headed-dogs.html (127 words)

	HIV Viral Load: The Test
		Viral load tests are reported as the number of HIV copies in a milliliter of blood.
		Viral load testing should not be used for diagnosing HIV; the HIV antibody test is still the preferred method of choice for this.
		Viral load testing done by the PCR method is incredibly sensitive, which can give rise to false-positive results.
	www.labtestsonline.org /understanding/analytes/viral_load/test.html (522 words)

	Viral Meningitis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Viral meningitis is an infection of the covering of the brain and spinal cord, called the meninges, that is caused by a virus.
		Viral meningitis is more common in very young children, under the age of five, but can also affect adults.
		Viral meningitis can be caused by a direct viral infection or can result from another viral infection, such as mumps and measles, the flu, the herpes simplex virus, the chicken pox virus, and the rabies virus, as well as a number of viruses that are transmitted through the bites of infected mosquitoes.
	www.hmc.psu.edu /healthinfo/uz/viralmeningitis.htm (570 words)

	Viral load - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Viral load is a measure of the severity of a viral infection, and can be estimated by calculating the amount of virus in an involved body fluid, e.g.
		Determination of viral load is part of the therapy monitoring during chronic viral infections and in immunocompromised patients, e.g.
		RSV viral load predicts clinical severity of infection: newer detection tests.
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /viral_load.htm (282 words)

	eMedicine - Gastroenteritis, Viral : Article by Richard W Goodgame, MD
		Viral attachment and entry into the epithelial cell without cell death may be enough to initiate diarrhea.
		Statistics on sporadic cases of adult viral gastroenteritis are not known; however, food-borne and water-borne epidemics of viral gastroenteritis are common.
		Suspect a viral cause when the warning signs of bacterial infection (ie, high fever, bloody diarrhea, severe abdominal pain, >6 stools per 24 h) are absent and an alternative diagnosis is not suggested by epidemiologic clues from the history (eg, travel, sexual practices, antibiotic use).
	www.emedicine.com /med/topic856.htm (2314 words)

	Anti-Viral.com: Viral Infections (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The viral shell may remain on the outside of the cell where it can be recognized by antibodies.
		Sometimes the viral particles are engulfed by the cell in the normal process of endocytosis and then relieved of their protein coat.
		These new viral building blocks are assembled within the cell to the bursting point when the new viral particles are released by cell rupture or they are transported to the cell membrane and released.
	www.anti-viral.com (441 words)

	Viral Hemorrhagic Fever
		Viral hemorrhagic fever is the collective name given to the diseases caused by a group of viruses such as Ebola virus and Marburg virus.
		Viral hemorrhagic fever begins with fever and muscle aches and can result in a relatively mild illness or can lead to death.
		Although the source of these viruses in nature is unknown, this group of viruses can occasionally be found in rodents, ticks, and mosquitoes within endemic areas.
	healthlink.mcw.edu /article/955159073.html (649 words)

	Online Marketing News from Webadvantage.net
		The term "viral marketing" gets a lot of play, but many people know of the term without really knowing what it means.
		So let's clear up the confusion with a clear definition: viral marketing is any type of a marketing campaign that encourages recipients of the campaign's message to willingly pass it along to friends, family and colleagues (as opposed to "viruses" in which the recipient unwillingly passes it along).
		Viral marketing campaigns can be used to generate awareness or to stimulate specific action.
	www.webadvantage.net /tip_archive.cfm?tip_id=200&&a=1 (1128 words)

	VIRAL RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS
		An important concept is that a wide variety of respiratory pathogens may cause one clinical syndrome and, vice versa, any one pathogen may cause a wide range of clinical diseases - see diagram attached, followed by a list of the main respiratory viruses.
		Viral antigens or viral infected cells in the secretions may be directly and rapidly detected by immunofluorescence or ELISA tests.
		Viral fusion to cell for penetration follows proteolytic cleavage of fusion protein on virion surface.
	www.uct.ac.za /depts/mmi/jmoodie/vires2.html (2059 words)

	eMedicine - Pneumonia, Viral : Article by Gloria Kuhn, DO, PhD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In a study of 154 children hospitalized with lower respiratory infections, a pathogen was identified in 79% of cases (ability to identify pathogens decreased with increasing age of the patient).
		A meta-analysis of cohort observational studies demonstrated pooled estimates of efficacy of the vaccine of 56% for prevention of influenza-related respiratory illness, 50% for prevention of hospitalization, and 68% for prevention of death (Gross, 1995).
		Because of the inability to distinguish viral pneumonia from bacterial pneumonia, in many instances, the workup in the emergency department for patients with infiltrate on chest radiographs is identical.
	www.emedicine.com /EMERG/topic468.htm (5446 words)

	HIV Infection: Integration, Transcription, Translation
		Once the viral RNA has been reverse-transcribed into a strand of DNA, the DNA can then be integrated (inserted) into the DNA of the lymphocyte.
		This RNA codes for the production of the viral proteins and enzymes (translation) and will also be packaged later as new viruses.
		Those genes have the code necessary to produce structural proteins such as the viral envelope and core plus enzymes like reverse transcriptase, integrase, and a crucial enzyme called a protease.
	www.cellsalive.com /hiv3.htm (144 words)

	Viral Hepatitis - Hepatitis C health and medical information produced by doctors
		This review centers on viruses that primarily infect the liver, particularly viral hepatitis types A, B, and C. The liver is located in the upper right hand side of the abdomen, mostly behind or beneath the rib cage.
		There are 200,000-300,000 new cases of hepatitis B viral infection each year in the United States.
		There are also viral hepatitis types D, E, F (not confirmed), and G. The most significant of these at present seem to be type D (the delta agent), which only causes disease in the presence of the hepatitis B virus and type E.
	www.medicinenet.com /viral_hepatitis/article.htm (952 words)

	Questions for the Viral & Buzz Marketing Association's Justin Kirby
		Viral and buzz marketing is not new, but the use of these consumer-to-consumer techniques is becoming more prevalent, particularly as falling effectiveness of traditional, marketer-to-consumer techniques is making advertisers look seriously at other ways to build brand and shift product.
		We do a lot of viral campaigns that use video-based advertainment clips as the viral material, and we have our own online film tracking system that measures viral spread from seed level onwards for relevant file formats that are linked to the system.
		I expect that viral marketing techniques will be rationalized (by users and practitioners) and will develop more credibility within the wider marketing mix over the next few years.
	www.clickz.com /features/q_and_a/article.php/3364571 (1093 words)

	Viral & Buzz Marketing Association (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Learn how some of the leading marketers and agencies are playing a role in the design and implementation of games to communicate with and build persistence with their diverse customer bases.
		The Viral & Buzz Marketing Association are proudly sponsoring Ad:Tech's debut in London on 28-29 September 2005 and will be announcing the line up of member speakers soon.
		Following on from their online viral pre-launch of Mazda's funny Little Squirt' TV ad, VBMA co-founders DMC have launched their seventh viral campaign for Mazda this week.
	www.vbma.net (768 words)

	Viral Load Tests \| The New Mexico Aids Info Net
		The higher the viral load, the higher the risk of transmitting HIV.
		Finally, the viral load test is valuable for managing therapy, to see if ARV drugs are controlling the virus.
		Recently, researchers have noticed that the viral load of many patients sometimes went from undetectable to a low level (usually less than 500) and then returned to undetectable.
	www.aidsinfonet.org /articles.php?articleID=125&newLang=en (1061 words)

	Viral Hepatitis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Viral hepatitis means that a person has liver inflammation due to a virus.
		Acute viral hepatitis is a short-term, viral infection.
		Chronic viral hepatitis is a longer-lasting, and generally life-long, viral infection lasting at least six months.
	www.4women.gov /faq/hepatitis.htm (1839 words)

	MLM Secrets Revealed: Viral Marketing Explain in simple terms
		Viral marketing describes any strategy that encourages individuals to pass on a marketing message to others, creating the potential for exponential growth in the message's exposure and influence.
		Off the Internet, viral marketing has been referred to as "word-of-mouth," "creating a buzz," "leveraging the media," "network marketing." But on the Internet, for better or worse, it's called "viral marketing." While others smarter than I have attempted to rename it, to somehow domesticate and tame it, I won't try.
		A viral marketing strategy need not contain ALL these elements, but the more elements it embraces, the more powerful the results are likely to be.
	www.honeyfrog.com /viral.htm (1054 words)

	CDC Dengue Fever Home Page - CDC Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases (DVBID)
		Infections produce a spectrum of clinical illness ranging from a nonspecific viral syndrome to severe and fatal hemorrhagic disease.
		Important risk factors for DHF include the strain of the infecting virus, as well as the age, and especially the prior dengue infection history of the patient.
		In 2005, dengue is the most important mosquito-borne viral disease affecting humans; its global distribution is comparable to that of malaria, and an estimated 2.5 billion people live in areas at risk for epidemic transmission (Figure 4).
	www.cdc.gov /ncidod/dvbid/dengue/index.htm (1945 words)

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