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Topic: Viral Infections

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	Anti-Biotic.com: Common Bacterial or Viral Infections (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		The common cold is a viral infection that usually involves the mouth, nose and lungs.
		Pneumonia, by definition, is an inflammation of the lower respiratory tract caused principally by either a bacterial or viral infection or by chemical irritation.
		RSV is a viral infection that most commonly occurs in the winter, is associated with acute respiratory distress and is occasionally fatal, particularly in the very young.
	www.anti-biotic.com /comdises.html (1850 words)

	Institute of Food Science & Technology: Foodborne viral infections
		Foodborne viral infections are caused mainly by two types of virus, Norwalk-like viruses (NLVs, formerly named small round structured viruses (SRSVs) in the UK) which cause gastroenteritis and Hepatitis A virus which causes hepatitis.
		Prevention of foodborne viral illness requires good staff supervision and food handlers should be encouraged to report symptoms of illness as soon as they occur.
		Cases of viral hepatitis are most infectious before jaundice is apparent, but exclusion of food handlers from work for one week after the onset of jaundice is recommended.
	www.ifst.org /hottop12.htm (2378 words)

	Virus Infections of the Skin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Although the primary infection may be asymptomatic, the virus may subsequently establish inadvertently in the same or a different area of the body site, resulting in what is known as initial infection.
		Infection may be: (1) disseminated, with multiple organ involvement, often involving the brain; (2) localized to the central nervous system (CNS); or (3) localized to the skin, eye, and/or mouth.
		Infection with varicella virus is associated with depression of cell-mediated immunity.
	matrix.ucdavis.edu /tumors/viral.html (3283 words)

	Medmicro Chapter 46 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Latent infection is characterized by the lack of demonstrable infectious virus between episodes of recurrent disease.
		The third type is the so-called true latent infection, in which the viral genome is replicated and segregated to the daughter cells either within the chromosomes or extrachromosomally.
		Infection by these viruses is followed by a 10- to 30-year clinically latent period before development of leukemias or neurologic disorders in a minority of infected individuals.
	gsbs.utmb.edu /microbook/ch046.htm (4242 words)

	Viral Myocarditis: Coxsackie Virus Infections
		It has been suggested that most people experience coxsackie infections at some time, and they are particularly prevalent in infants and young children, and, to a lesser extent, adolescents, with first onset related largely to the hygienic conditions (lack thereof) in which the child lives.
		Effective medical therapies have yet to be worked out for viral myocarditis; one approach is to administer anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressive drugs during the early stage of the disease to impair the immune attack and resulting inflammatory response that damages the heart.
		Coxsackie infections are recognized as health problems in modern China, contributing to the high rates of childhood intestinal disease, meningitis, and, for adults, myocarditis.
	www.itmonline.org /arts/coxsackie.htm (2576 words)

	Introduction: Viral Infections: Merck Manual Home Edition
		Antibiotics are not effective against viral infections, but if a person has a bacterial infection in addition to a viral infection, an antibiotic is often necessary.
		Probably the most common viral infections are those of the nose, throat, and airways.
		Viral infections also develop in the skin, sometimes resulting in warts or other blemishes (see Viral Skin Infections: Warts).
	www.merck.com /mmhe/sec17/ch198/ch198a.html (1393 words)

	National Headache Foundation: Viral Infections
		The headache related to these viral infections appears to be related to the fever, the body's production of interferon, and other elements of the immune system combating the viral infection.
		Chronic viral infections have been implicated as a cause of headache and other conditions, such as the chronic fatigue syndrome.
		Regardless of the role of chronic viral infections in these disorders, there is considerable evidence that suggests antidepressant medications may be helpful in controlling these conditions.
	www.headaches.org /consumer/topicsheets/viralinfections.html (240 words)

	Viral Infections - DermatologyChannel
		Viral infections commonly result in skin lesions and rashes.
		Viral infections commonly cause rashes, especially in children, and eruptions usually resolve after the immune system clears the virus.
		A viral origin has long been suspected, and there is recent evidence that human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7) may be the cause.
	www.dermatologychannel.net /viral_infection (487 words)

	Anti-Viral.com: Viral Infections (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Sometimes the viral particles are engulfed by the cell in the normal process of endocytosis and then relieved of their protein coat.
		These new viral building blocks are assembled within the cell to the bursting point when the new viral particles are released by cell rupture or they are transported to the cell membrane and released.
		Some viral agents can be aerosolized and have been developed as bioweapons and/or have been used by bioterrorists.
	www.anti-viral.com (441 words)

	Viral Infections
		Dengue fever is a viral infection which is transmitted via the bite of particular types of mosquitos.
		The infection is transmitted to humans by bites or scratches from infected flying foxes or bats.
		Viral encephalitis is inflammation of the brain caused by a virus.
	www.healthinsite.gov.au /topics/Viral_Infections (730 words)

	VIRAL RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS
		Bacterial infections are important because they can be life-threatening and are treatable with antibiotics, whereas there are as yet no widely-used antiviral agents for respiratory viruses.
		Isolation of a paramyxovirus from a patient is strong evidence for a cause of a respiratory infection.
		Viral antigens or viral infected cells in the secretions may be directly and rapidly detected by immunofluorescence or ELISA tests.
	web.uct.ac.za /depts/mmi/jmoodie/vires2.html (2059 words)

	bacteria VS viral infections
		Viral infections are responsible for any sore throat that is not bacterial.
		Docs have patients that insist on antibiotics for viral infections, and resist giving meds because know this increases immunity to the antibiotics that we may need sometime in a life-threatening bacterial infection (such as pnuemonia etc.)
		Sometimes a viral infection will go into a secondary bacterial infection, but most of us want instant relief that just is not available.
	www.healthboards.com /common-cold/100.html (497 words)

	Introduction: Viral Infections: Merck Manual Home Edition
		Many viral infections are so distinctive that a doctor can diagnose them based on their symptoms.
		Viral infections range from mild (for example, a cold) to a life-threatening infection (for example, encephalitis).
		Infections are highly contagious and typically affect many people in a community, sometimes reaching epidemic proportions.
	www.merck.com /mrkshared/mmanual_home2/sec23/ch273/ch273a.jsp (1562 words)

	The Physician and Sportsmedicine: Viral Skin Infections
		Herpetic whitlow is a primary or recurrent herpes simplex infection of the fingers or hands that occurs by autoinoculation or by direct contact with infected persons.
		Characterized by discrete, white to skin-colored, umbilicated papules that are 3 to 5 mm in diameter (figure 2), molluscum contagiosum is caused by a virus in the Poxviridae family.
		For a primary herpes infection, the athlete must be free of all systemic symptoms of viral infection (eg, fever, malaise) and have no new blisters (for both primary and recurrent infections) for 72 hours before the exam.
	www.physsportsmed.com /issues/2004/0704/cyr.htm (2531 words)

	Viral Infections
		Recovery of CMV by culture is not sufficient to diagnose acute infection.
		Histologic findings of viral inclusion bodies in colonic, esophageal, or lung tissue, as well as identification of virus by special stains or culture, are necessary.
		Foscarnet in the treatment of cytomegalovirus infection of the esophagus and colon in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
	www.hivpositive.com /f-Oi/OppInfections/4-Viral/4-Vir-Cyto/4-Vir-Cyto.html (4248 words)

	Arenaviruses \| CDC Special Pathogens Branch
		Arenavirus infections are relatively common in humans in some areas of the world and can cause severe illnesses.
		Human infection with arenaviruses is incidental to the natural cycle of the viruses and occurs when an individual comes into contact with the excretions or materials contaminated with the excretions of an infected rodent, such as ingestion of contaminated food, or by direct contact of abraded or broken skin with rodent excrement.
		Infection can also occur by inhalation of tiny particles soiled with rodent urine or saliva (aerosol transmission).
	www.cdc.gov /ncidod/dvrd/spb/mnpages/dispages/arena.htm (857 words)

	Medical Dictionary: Viral infections - WrongDiagnosis.com
		Viral infections: Viral infections is listed as a type of (or associated with) the following medical conditions in our database: Microbes, Non-genetic diseases, Diseases contagious from surfaces Viral infections (medical condition): Any diseases caused by viruses.
		Viral infections (medical condition): Viruses are a very common type of infectious disease.
		Viral infections: Viruses are among the smallest microbes, much smaller even than bacteria.
	www.wrongdiagnosis.com /medical/viral_infections.htm (273 words)

	WHO \| Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever
		Healthcare workers in endemic areas should be aware of the illness and the correct infection control procedures to protect themselves and their patients from the risk of nosocomial (hospital-acquired) infection.
		Following infection via tick bite, the incubation period is usually one to three days, with a maximum of nine days.
		Healthcare workers are at risk of acquiring infection from sharps injuries during surgical procedures and, in the past, infection has been transmitted to surgeons operating on patients to determine the cause of the abdominal symptoms in the early stages of (at that moment undiagnosed) infection.
	www.who.int /mediacentre/factsheets/fs208/en (1391 words)

	FamilyFun: Health Encyclopedia: Viral Infections, Intestinal
		Viral particles affect the surface layer of cells lining the intestine.
		While bacterial and parasitic infections tend to start with diarrhea, the first symptom of infection with an intestinal virus is generally vomiting.
		Depending on the virus responsible for the infection, fever may or may not be present.
	familyfun.go.com /raisingkids/child/health/childhealth/dony89enc_vir (616 words)

	Viral Skin Infections (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Many viral infections in childhood are called "viral exanthems." Exanthem is another name for a rash or skin eruption.
		The above viral exanthems have distinct patterns of rashes which aid in the clinical diagnosis of the virus.
		Viral skin infections require clinical care by a physician or other healthcare professional.
	www.healthsystem.virginia.edu /uvahealth/peds_derm/viralhub.cfm (161 words)

	Viral Infections Index Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Viral infections are common and of importance to the practice of dentistry:
		Cross infection measures to limit the spread of viral infections in the dental environment.
		The notes included in these pages supplement the lecture 'Viral infections of oral mucosa' that was delivered on October 8th 2001 by Dr. Alan Mighell as part of the Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine Lecture Course 2001/2002.
	www.dentistry.leeds.ac.uk /oralpath/viruses/virindex.htm (193 words)

	Chronic Viral Infections at Health Info Topics - Chronic Viral Infections Topics, Information and Resources Online
		be used in the case of chronic viral infections which have not responded well to...
		Most cases of chronic viral hepatitis are caused by hepatitis B or C virus...
		Chronic viral infections are often the cause of...
	www.healthinfotopics.com /directory/Symptoms/Chronic_Viral_Infections (292 words)

	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Respiratory and Enteric Viruses Branch
		Symptoms of respiratory illness caused by adenovirus infection range from the common cold syndrome to pneumonia, croup, and bronchitis.
		Some types are capable of establishing persistent asymptomatic infections in tonsils, adenoids, and intestines of infected hosts, and shedding can occur for months or years.
		For some adenovirus serotypes, the clinical spectrum of disease associated with infection varies depending on the site of infection; for example, infection with adenovirus 7 acquired by inhalation is associated with severe lower respiratory tract disease, whereas oral transmission of the virus typically causes no or mild disease.
	www.cdc.gov /ncidod/dvrd/revb/respiratory/eadfeat.htm (548 words)

	Viral Infections-Viruses
		One of the challenges in diagnosing someone with an infection is to try to determine whether the cause is a virus or bacteria.
		Most common viral infections like colds, stomach flu (gastro) do not cause any serious problems or complications and usually go away on their own.
		Other viral infections that we see today include Hepatitis A, B and C, mono, and some newer infections including West Nile Virus, SARS and even mad cow disease.
	www.drpaul.com /library/VIRUSES.html (603 words)

	News - Childhood Central Nervous System Viral Infections and Adult Schizophrenia
		Having a viral infection of the central nervous system as a child does not increase the risk of going on to develop schizophrenia, a Finnish study has concluded.
		However, this recent study found the incidence of schizophrenia following CNS viral infection to be similar to that in the general population.
		The researchers said that their data "provided no support" for the hypothesis that there was a link between childhood CNS infections, or enteroviral CNS infections, and schizophrenia, pointing out that their findings were from a sample that was 3-times larger than the 1966 birth cohort study.
	www.docguide.com /news/content.nsf/news/8525697700573E1885256D3D0032E051 (512 words)

	Viruses and bacteria
		Bacterial infections are usually treated with a special antibiotic that only kills the bacterium that has caused the disease.
		This is the reason why the treatment of virus infections is usually left up to the patient's own immune system, although it may be hard to accept when the doctor says the only cure is for 'nature to take its course'.
		Antibiotics have no effect upon viral infections such as colds or flu, and it is important that we limit antibiotic use only to bacterial infections that won't get better on their own.
	www.netdoctor.co.uk /health_advice/facts/virusbacteria.htm (738 words)

	Viral Infection
		The viral sequences were detected in patients' blood using a set of PCR primers reactive with regions of the gene coding the gp 64 late antigen (LA) of human cytomegalovirus (CMV) (2).
		Support for a viral origin of CFS, and for a spectrum of CFS related disorders ranging from mild illness to profound neurological disturbance was provided by studies on a stereotactic brain biopsy on a woman with an unexplained progressive dysphasia.
		Progress has been made in both the use of low stringency PCR for viral detection and in the cultivation of novel cytopathic viruses from a large number of patients with CFS and with related neurological and neuromuscular diseases.
	www.ccid.org /stealth/publications/viral_infection.htm (1259 words)

	Coxsackie Viruses
		Hemorrhagic conjunctivitis is an infection that affects the whites of the eyes.
		Coxsackie viruses can also cause meningitis, an infection of the meninges (the three membranes that envelop the brain and spinal cord), and rarely, encephalitis, a brain infection.
		Newborns, who can be infected from their mothers during or shortly after birth, are more at risk for developing serious infection, including myocarditis, hepatitis, and meningoencephalitis (an inflammation of the brain and meninges).
	kidshealth.org /parent/infections/bacterial_viral/coxsackie.html (517 words)

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