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	Encyclopedia: Virasaivism
		Western understanding of what Virasaivism is and of its place in Indian religious history and modern South Indian society is rather limited, in spite of its socio-religious relevance in southern India.
		Lengthier studies of Virasaivism by scholars in the West are very rare, hence the publication of J. Schouten's doctoral dissertation(2) demands the attention of Indologists, religious scholars, and social scientists.
		His bird's-eye view of Virasaivism is as follows: Orthodox Hinduism is a religion which supported a rigid system of social discrimination based on a division of labor, as a result of...
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Virasaivism (4036 words)

	Virasaivism, Caste Revolution, Etc - Questia Online Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		After a short introductory chapter, in which the author gives an outline of Virasaiva history and teachings, he deals in four large chapters with social issues, on which the Virasaivas have taken a remarkable stand in Indian history: caste, labor and property, the position of women, and education.
		The book ends with a short evaluation of Virasaivism, a twenty-two-page bibliography, an index of technical terms, and an index of Virasaiva personalities who are mentioned in the book.
		The author's knowledge of the general religious background in which Virasaivism arose is limited and has led to some untenable conclusions.
	www.questia.com /PM.qst?a=o&d=5000574962 (526 words)

	esamskriti- Basavanna and Virasaivism - Lingatat Movement (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Virasaivism or Lingayatism, traces its origin to the five great religious teachers, Renuka, Daruka, Ghantakarna, Dhenukarna and Visvakarna, who according to tradition, were the earthly manifestations of the five aspects of Para-Siva viz.
		These five teachers are said to have incarnated in the Kali-yuga as Revanasiddha, Marulasiddha, Ekorama, Panditaradhya and Visvaradhya, and expounded the ancient system of Lingayat.
		The greatest name in the history of Virasaivism is that of Basavana.
	www.esamskriti.com /html/new_inside.asp?cat_name=history&cid=363&sid=95 (247 words)

	Iran Culture House, New Delhi
		The importance attached to the a concept of work ethics is illustrated in Virasaivism.
		The Virasaiva movement originated in northwestern Karnataka sometime in the twelfth century A.D. Under the leadership of Basaveswara the movement seems to have assumed a definite shape.
		It stressed that unless the individuals were conscientious and industrious the society of which they were members would be faced with an economic crisis.
	www.iranhouseindia.com /dioloque_virasaivism.htm (755 words)

	Hindu Agamas - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		The Agamas are sectarian and monotheistic texts dedicated to worship of Vishnu, Shiva and Devi.
		For example, the Shaivite Agamas are the primary religious text in Virasaivism.
		The Tantras are Agama texts devoted to worship of Devi.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Hindu_Agamas (92 words)

	Virasaivism - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		This page was last modified 23:48, 11 November 2005.
		This encyclopedia, history, geography and biography article about Virasaivism contains research on
		Virasaivism, See also, External links and Hindu movements and organizations.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Virasaivism (321 words)

	The Temple of Muktesvara at Caudadanapura
		It was subjected to the rule of several royal families, Calukyas of Kalyana, Kalcuris and sevunas in the 10th, 11th, 12th and 13th centuries A.D. which has been a period of great cultural refinement.
		It was the time of the greatest expansion of the Kalamukha - Lakulasaiva movements, and of the rise of Virasaivism.
		The temple of Muktesvara at Caudadanapura (Dharwar District) is a beautiful representative of the style and the high culture of that time.
	www.ignca.nic.in /ks_28.htm (312 words)

	THE ORIGINS OF VIRASAIVA SECTS
		Origins of the Virasaiva Sects is probably the most thorough exploration of Virasaivism available in any language except Kannada.
		Similarly, certain reformational aspects of Virasaivism have attracted the attention of Western scholarship.
		He has published half a dozen articles on Virasaivism in the journals of the American Oriental Society, Association of Asian Studies, American Academy of Religion, and in Numen.
	www.exoticindiaart.com /book/details/NAB384 (300 words)

	The Journal of the American Oriental Society: Virasaivism, caste, revolution, etc. (examination of the medieval and ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Journal of the American Oriental Society: Virasaivism, caste, revolution, etc. (examination of the medieval and modern Karnataka and the Virasaiva movement)@ HighBeam Research
		One of the rare modern studies of the Virasaiva movement of medieval and modern Karnataka is here examined and shown to be unsophisticated and tendentious in its determination to see many Christian or other recent Western values in Basava's teachings.
		In recent years it has become better known to a wider public in the English-speaking world through translated selections of vacanas, the...
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:20417961&refid=holomed_1 (256 words)

	A study of Jainism in terms of Western thought is much needed to day
		Virasaivism has six stages, while Jainism presents fourteen stages through which the soul has to pass before it reaches perfection.
		In my discussions with some scholars of Virasaivism, I have come to realize the differences between the attitude of the two schools of thought.
		It is not possible to discuss this problem in detail in the frame-work of this study.
	www.jainworld.com /jainbooks/jainpsychology/chapter9.htm (5377 words)

	The Bhakti Movement and the status of women: A Case Study of Virasaivism
		The Bhakti Movement and the status of women: A Case Study of Virasaivism
		The present case study of Virasaivism, a populous sect in Karnataka, deals with the impact of this movement on the status of women.
		After a careful research on a hundred families with first and second-generation women, the author finds that precepts and practices meet here in a unique way.
	www.exoticindiaart.com /book/details/IDE436 (318 words)

	Famous saints of saivism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		He expounded the philosophy of Saivism from a Vedantic point of view and tried to reconcile the existing contradictions.
		Lingayat Saints: Mention may also be made of the five famous Lingayat Saints of Virasaivism path, namely Sivaprakasa 1, Santalinga, Kumaradeva and Sivaprakasa 2.
		They were men of great religious and spiritual merit, who lived during the seventeenth century and composed many religious songs and treatises.
	www.hinduwebsite.com /siva/sivasaints.htm (1497 words)

	Hinduism Today \| Letters \| April, May, June, 2004
		I was fortunate to participate, and without being at such a great Mela, nobody can understand the real philosophy of Hinduism.
		This is a commonly held misconception, but Virasaivism is a distinct religion.
		Basavanna, the founding father of modern Virasaivism, not only preached equality of all human being, including women, and rejected the caste system, he also did not accept the Vedas.
	www.hinduismtoday.com /archives/2004/4-6/12-13_letters.shtml (1618 words)

	Origins
		Being a devotee of Lord Vishnu and having renovated the temple of Lord Jagannatha at Puri, he decided to propagate vaishatvism in the Srikakulam region once again.
		With the raise of Vaishnavism, the prevalent cult of Virasaivism declined.
		He was also great lover of art and patron of dance.
	www.kuchipudi.com /htmlfiles/origins1.htm (651 words)

	Abebooks Search Results - Revolution of the Mystics On the Social Aspects of Virasaivism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		One of the most pascinating episodes in the religious history of Southern India is the rise of the Virasaiva movement.
		Revolution of the Mystics: On the Social Aspects of Virasaivism (ISBN: 8120812387)
		Virasaivism or the Lingayat movement was a spiritual movement with a strong social message, and that is the focus of this fine study.
	textbook.abebooks.com /Title/1792098/Revolution+of+the+Mystics+On+the+Social+Aspects+of+Virasaivism.html (577 words)

	Andhra Pradesh-Fairs & Festivals (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Different kinds of rhythms like Trisra, Chaturasra, Misra, Khandagati, Sankeerna Jati etc Hayed by the Dappu players raise the tempo of the dance so that the visitors throw coins on the Dappu as a token of their appreciation and pleasure.
		Vira Natyam is also known as Virabhadranatyam is a ceremonial dance continued from the past at the Siva and Virabhadra temples from Virasaivism period.
		This is a dance of Lord Siva who outraged at the humiliation to Sati, his wife created Virabhadra out of his Jata-jhuta i.e.
	www.theindianculture.com /states/AndhraPradesh/dance.htm (3319 words)

	Indian culture is consisted of two main trends: Sramanic and Brahmanic
		Apart from the provincial capitals, Shravanabelagola in Karnataka was the center of their activities and it occupies the same position even up to the present day.
		Jainism, however, began to decline in south India from the 12th century due to the growing importance of Srivaisnavism and Virasaivism.
		Jainism had very close relations with western India, that is, Gujarat and Kathiawar, where we find the largest concentration of the Jains at present.
	www.jcnc.org /jainism/Jain_History.htm (5069 words)

	Hinduism Today \| Dec 1991
		Then something happens, and a cry goes out for relief, rectification and revival.
		Such cries gave birth to Buddhism, Sikhism, Virasaivism, the Arya Samaj and a hundred more of India's great traditions.
		There is a new cry among Hindus, about injustice towards villagers, untouchables, widows, wives and children.
	www.hinduismtoday.com /archives/1991/12/1991-12-07.shtml (1193 words)

	Review Revolution of the Mystics: On the Social Aspects of Virasaivism - Computer Toaster (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Review Revolution of the Mystics: On the Social Aspects of Virasaivism - Computer Toaster
		Book / Revolution of the Mystics: On the Social Aspects of Virasaivism
		Revolution of the Mystics: On the Social Aspects of Virasaivism
	computertoaster.com /reviews/asinsearch_8120812387 (56 words)

	Amazon.ca: Revolution of the Mystics on the Social Aspects of Virasaivism: Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
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	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/9024234255/papiermacouk-20 (183 words)

	New Page 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Vinoba Bhave: A Model and a Teacher of Renunciation, Harris C. Ishwan, Vol.
		Virasaivism and Christianity: A Dialogue on Doctrines, Madtha William, Vol.
		Virasaivism: A Saivite Sect in Karnataka, Aerthayil James, Vol.
	www.journalofdharma.com /dharma1/themes/themes_v.htm (133 words)

	lineage
		In the introduction of Sociology of Religion of the Navnath Sampradaya we find an explanation of the Veerasaivist movement, “ Veerasaivism [Virasaivism] is a twelfth century reformist movement in Karnataka led by Basava - a charismatic leader and his followers.
		Part of this democratizing movement, I believe, is a reaction of Western India’s contact with Islam, which embraces people of all class, creed and gender.
		The iconoclasm, which is at the heart of Virasaivism actually comes down to us in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries as something we can easily relate to.
	www.nisargadatta.net /lineage.html (10925 words)

	Merging Currents, Inc.: Books on Christianity in India, Hinduism and Indian culture and history: Subjects (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Hymns of the Tamil Saiva Saints by (trans) Kingsbury, F. and Philips, G. Periapuranam: The Lives of Sixty-Three Saivite Saints by (trans) Rangachari, R. The Indian Theogony: A Comparative Study of Indian Mythology from Vedas to the Puranas by Bhattacharji, Sukumari
		Revolution of the Mystics: On the Social Aspects of Virasaivism by Schouten, J. Liberated Life: Ideal of Jeevanmukti in Indian Religions Specially in the Saiva Siddhanta by Valiaveetil, Chacko
		Facets of Saiva Siddhanta by (ed.) Krishnan, P. A Study of Sivajnana Siddhiyar Parapakkam by Gopalakrishnan, R. A Comparative Study of Sarana and Dasa Literature by Srinivasa, P. Saiva Siddhanta Theology: A Context for Hindu-Christian Dialogue by Dunuwila, Rohan-A
	www.mergingcurrents.com /category.php?CategoryID=19 (397 words)

	How to Become a Hindu, Chapter 5: Does Hinduism Accept Newcomers
		From the rich soil of Hinduism long ago sprang various other traditions.
		Among these were Jainism, Buddhism, Virasaivism and Sikhism, all of which rejected the Vedas and thus emerged as completely distinct religions, dissociated from Hinduism, while still sharing many philosophical insights and cultural values with their parent faith.
		Not unlike all the other major religions of the world, Hinduism has no central headquarters.
	www.himalayanacademy.com /resources/books/hbh/hbh_ch-5.html (4283 words)

	SOCIAL SCIENTIST V.26: No.11-12 Nov-Dec 1998
		Review Essay titled "New Perspectives on Women's Role" by Nilanjan Sarkar, p.
		1) Vijaya.Ramaswamy, Divinity and Deviance: Women in Virasaivism, Delhi, Oxford University Press, 1996, hardback, Rs.
		Women, Society, Spirituality in South India, Shimla, Indian Institute of Advanced Study, 1997, hardback, price not mentioned, pp.
	www.lib.virginia.edu /area-studies/SouthAsia/SAserials/SocSci/ssnv1998.html (712 words)

	Amazon.ca: The Bhakti Movement and the Status of Women: A Case Study of Virasaivism: Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
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	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/8170172500 (247 words)

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