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	AllRefer.com - Virgil Thomson (Music: History, Composers, And Performers, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Virgil Thomson 1896–1989, American composer, critic, and organist, b.
		Kansas City, Mo. Thomson studied in Paris with Nadia Boulanger.
		Thomson was music critic for the New York Herald Tribune from 1940 until 1954.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/T/ThmsnV.html (295 words)

	Virgil Thomson (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Composer Virgil Thomson began his musical training at age five, and by his twelfth year he was performing professionally on both piano and organ.
		Thomson was also a major spokesman for the new directions of twentieth-century music as critic for the
		After Thomson's sitting, she wrote, "When I painted the trousers I must confess I thought of elephants so that is the color they really are."
	www.npg.si.edu /exh/brush/thom.htm (196 words)

	'Virgil Thomson: Composer On The Aisle' by Anthony Tommasini
		'Virgil Thomson: Composer On The Aisle' by Anthony Tommasini
		Thomson, who died in 1989 a few months before his 93rd birthday, was not a nice man. Tommasini makes this horrifyingly clear from the start.
		Thomson's greatest accomplishments - and influence on 20th century music, perhaps - was as a music critic for the New York Herald Tribune from 1940-54.
	www.post-gazette.com /books/reviews/19971005review9.asp (693 words)

	Four saints, three acts, one character: difficult composer Virgil Thomson (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		And Virgil Thomson, that curmudgeon who desperately wanted to be known for his music but will probably always be remembered best as a music critic.
		Thomson's name is one of many that drift to the edges of the country's collective musical consciousness.
		Sullivan tended devotedly to Thomson in his final physical decline, arranged the memorial service in New York's Cathedral of St. John the Divine (which Thomson called "St. John the Too-Too Divine"), and his burial in the family plot in Missouri.
	www.chron.com /cgi-bin/auth/story/content/chronicle/features/books/97/07/20/thomson.html (1030 words)

	Thomson (disambiguation) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Thomson SA, formerly known as Thomson Multimedia, a French electronics manufacturer and media services provider.
		The Thomson Corporation, a large worldwide US-based publisher of books, educational materials, and legal, scientific, and health information.
		George Paget Thomson (1892-1975), English physicist who worked on the wave nature of the electron.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Thomson (217 words)

	glbtq >> arts >> Thomson, Virgil
		Critic and composer Virgil Thomson was a pioneer in creating a specifically American form of classical music that is at once "serious" yet whimsically sardonic.
		Thomson's music is characterized by wit and playfulness and is rooted in American speech rhythms and hymnbook harmony.
		Thomson played a crucial role in shaping twentieth-century American music, not only through his compositions and criticism but also through his incorporation of gay and lesbian icons as points of reference in his works.
	www.glbtq.com /arts/thomson_v.html (1295 words)

	Kennedy Center: Biographical information for Virgil Thomson
		Virgil Thomson was the original multi-faceted elder statesman of American composers, as well as music critic.
		Thomson originally went to Paris as a student, studying from 1920 to 1921 with the legendary teacher Nadia Boulanger.
		Aaron Copland once said that Thomson's idea behind his music "is derived from the conviction that modern music has forgotten its audience almost completely, that the purpose of music is not to impress and overwhelm the listener but to entertain and charm him.
	www.kennedy-center.org /calendar/index.cfm?fuseaction=showIndividual&entitY_id=3815&source_type=A (920 words)

	Reader's Companion to American History - -THOMSON, VIRGIL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Thomson began his piano and organ study in Kansas City, where he was born.
		Thomson was introduced to the writings of Gertrude Stein during his Harvard career, and he set the American expatriate writer's "Susie Asado" to music prior to meeting her in 1926.
		A Virgil Thomson Reader (1981) won a National Book Critics Circle Award in 1981, and in 1983 he was honored by the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts for his long and successful career.
	college.hmco.com /history/readerscomp/rcah/html/ah_085700_thomsonvirgi.htm (567 words)

	Knitting Circle Virgil Thomson (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Virgil Thomson began to study music at the age of 5, and by the age of 12 he was playing the organ at his family's church, Calvary Baptist Church, and at other churches in Kansas City.
		For three years Virgil Thomson was assistant and accompanist for Archibald T. Davision who was also French-trained and was the conductor of the Harvard Glee Club.
		Virgil Thomson began to compose at Harvard in 1920.
	myweb.lsbu.ac.uk /~stafflag/virgilthomson.html (1149 words)

	Virgil THOMSON Symphony on a Hymn Tune etc: Classical CD Reviews-April 2000 Music on the Web(UK) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Virgil Thomson is probably best remembered for his scores for a handful of films including, Louisiana Story, The Plow that Broke the Plains and The River, plus his comic opera, Four Saints in Three Acts.
		Thomson was a pupil of Nadia Boulanger in Paris where he lived for many years.
		Thomson's Symphony on a Hymn Tune dates from 1928 and it is an affectionate, humorous view of the composer's favourite hymns.
	www.musicweb-international.com /classrev/2000/apr00/vthomson.htm (621 words)

	Letters (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Yes, Virgil did not want Beatrice Wayne Godfrey at the performance of ''Four Saints in Three Acts'' he attended, but he arranged, through me, to have her attend another performance where she, and only she (the original star of the 1934 production), would be venerated.
		As to Virgil's behavior surrounding the death of Maurice Grosser, we must understand that the death of Maurice was the most significant loss in Virgil's life.
		Maurice and Virgil became lovers in 1925, remained lovers for years and continued as the closest of friends for the next six decades.
	partners.nytimes.com /books/97/07/27/letters/letters.html (516 words)

	Commentary Magazine - Virgil Thomson's Brilliant Careers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		...But Thomson, certain he was on the right track, embarked on an even more ambitious project along similar lines: a full-scale opera with a libretto by Gertrude Stein, the American author whose impenetrably hermetic writings had endeared her to the literary avant-garde of the 20's...
		...Thomson's idea of a good American composer was one who wrote clearly articulated, cleanly scored tonal music, took the theater seriously, and shunned romantic overstatement...
		...VIRGIL GARNETT THOMSON was born in Kansas City, Missouri, in 1896, and for the whole of his long life spoke nostalgically of his slaveowning Southern Baptist ancestors...
	www.commentarymagazine.com /Summaries/V104I1P52-1.htm (2227 words)

	Commentary Magazine - Virgil Thomson, by Virgil Thomson (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		It makes a delightful book for the most part, and at times a superb one, Virgil Thomson remembering Virgil Thomson and friends--also, at the beginning, some relatives, and now and again a non-friend--in Kansas City, at Harvard, in Paris, New York, and then Paris again.
		...To Thomson, Thomson is a distinguished and important composer, and there are works that support the claim strongly, notably the two operas with Gertrude Stein texts, and some instrumental pieces as well, like the Symphony on a Hymn Tune...
		...It was Stein's essential lyricism that seems to have appealed to Thomson, and he sees her as an artist distinct from Picasso, Schoenberg, Stravinsky, and Joyce, for whom "obscurity, long the hallmark of modernism, remained a trademark...
	www.commentarymagazine.com /Summaries/V43I5P98-1.htm (1254 words)

	Virgil -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia you can trust!
		Publius Vergilius Maro The well-educated son of a prosperous provincial farmer, Virgil led a quiet life, though he eventually became a member of the circle around Octavian (later Caesar Augustus) and was patronized by Maecenas.
		Virgil's poetry immediately became famous in Rome and was admired by the Romans for two main reasons—first, because he was regarded as their own national poet, spokesman of their ideals and achievements; second, because he seemed to have reached the ultimate of perfection in his art (his structure, diction, metre).
		Grissom, Virgil I. astronaut Virgil Ivan Grissom (better known as Gus Grissom) was born in Mitchell, Ind., in 1926.
	www.britannica.com /ebc/article?eu=407362&query=virgil&ct= (781 words)

	Virgil THOMSON Louisiana Story; The Plow that Broke the Plains: Film Music CD Reviews-May 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		It is also significant that Thomson's music was quite untypical for its day, for he eschewed the European Romantic tradition of Korngold and Steiner, in favour of a definitive American musical voice.
		Thomson's best-known film score and probably the most popular of all his works is that for Robert Flaherty's Louisiana Story (1948) which was about the invasion of oil prospectors into a young boy's idyllic rural family life.
		Thomson made two suites from his Pulitzer Prize-winning score: one (the `Suite') consists primarily of dramatic and descriptive episodes, while the other (`Acadian Songs and Dances') is self-descriptive.
	www.musicweb-international.com /film/2000/may00/louisiana.htm (692 words)

	MSS 29/29A, The Virgil Thomson Papers in the Irving S. Gilmore Music Library of Yale University.
		Three copies with Virgil Thomson's stamp on the 1st page, and three other copies, 2 of which are incomplete and one which lacks the text.
		The Holly and the ivy : (Carol of Nativity and Lent) : for soprano : (or tenor) / Virgil Thomson ; Anon, 1557.
		The holly and the ivy / Virgil Thomson ; Anon.
	webtext.library.yale.edu /xml2html/music/vt-as1i.htm (5903 words)

	Virgil Thomson (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The release conjoins with Thomson's centenary and the new Robert Wilson production by the Houston Grand Opera (which will come to Lincoln Center this summer).
		It's a collaboration between two of the most original voices of the century: Thomson and Gertrude Stein, both of whom wanted to break out of the traditional mold of sentimental operatic narrative.
		Thomson's notes to this recording refer to a thoroughly happy collaboration, but in fact he and Stein fell out afterward and were not on speaking terms at the time of the premiere.
	www.bostonphoenix.com /alt1/archive/music/reviews/04-11-96/REX/VIRGIL_THOMSON.html (500 words)

	Virgil Thomson & Gertrude Stein - The Mother of Us All
		Parr's solution was far more moving -- he had the cast members wheel the statue in, and then uncrate it stage right, as Susan B (Lorene Sapin) emerges, and sings her way into history, and myth.
		Stein and Thomson were, I think, after something subtler; their piece, after all, is character and music driven, not jingoistic, and this gesture amounted to a dumbing down.
		Thomson's music is very exposed, and its emotional temperatures change with lightning speed.
	www.classical-music-review.org /reviews/Mother.html (1022 words)

	MSS 29/29A, The Virgil Thomson Papers in the Irving S. Gilmore Music Library of Yale University. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Thomson's life and work are further documented by: writings by and about Thomson; photographs; family and personal documents; financial records; private recordings; and other materials.
		Virgil Thomson was born in Kansas City, Missouri on November 25, 1896.
		Virgil Thomson died in New York on September 30, 1989.
	webtext.library.yale.edu /xml2html/music/vt-col.htm (783 words)

	Commentary: Virgil Thomson's brilliant careers. (composer, critic)@ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Thomson (1896-1989) was influenced by the melodic modernism of Erik Satie and by Dadaism, and eschewed atonal modernism all his life.
		His greatest cultural impact was as music critic of the New York Herald Tribune from 1940-54.
		Virgil Thomson is among the most famous American composers of the 20th century, but not for his compositions.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:19594152&refid=ip_encyclopedia_hf (168 words)

	IHAS: Composer
		s America celebrates the centenary of Virgil Thomson's birth in 1896 with revivals of his works and a new biography in preparation, there is increasing awareness of what a musician's musician this composer and critic truly was.
		Both men whetted Thomson's curiosity about things Francophile and helped Thomson secure a fellowship to travel to Paris in 1921, where he studied with Nadia Boulanger, sketched his first compositions, associated with the Dadaists, and made friends of the painterly circle patronized by Gertrude and Leonard Stein.
		Embittered by the Metropolitan Opera's canceling its promised premiere of LORD BYRON, Thomson had to content himself with a pared-down version presented by the Juilliard School in 1972, and it was not until 1991 that the work would be performed in its entirety at the Monadnock Festival in New Hampshire.
	www.pbs.org /wnet/ihas/composer/thomson.html (702 words)

	Virgil Thomson - Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Virgil Thomson was a many-faceted American composer of great originality and a music critic of singular brilliance.
		Virgil Thomson composed in almost every genre of music.
		Utilizing a musical style marked by sharp wit and overt playfulness, Thomson produced a highly original body of work rooted in American speech rhythms and hymnbook harmony.
	www.schirmer.com /composers/thomson_bio.html (256 words)

	Thomson, Virgil -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Thomson studied at Harvard University and later with Nadia Boulanger, a noted teacher of musical composition, in Paris.
		The renowned British physicist Joseph J. Thomson was the discoverer of the electron.
		E-text of The Aeneid of Virgil from this ancient Roman poet.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9072213?tocId=9072213 (649 words)

	Virgil Thomson Biography / Biography of Virgil Thomson Biography Biography
		American composer, critic, and conductor Virgil Thomson (1896-1989) combined literary and musical erudition with simplicity, wit, and skill.
		Virgil Thomson was born in Kansas City, MO, on Nov. 25, 1896.
		Thomson lived in Paris from 1925 until World War II, visiting the United States periodically.
	www.bookrags.com /biography-virgil-thomson (243 words)

	The Mother of Us All - Virgil Thomson/Gertrude Stein
		Virgil Thomson’s radical departure from 19th century European operas that created roles for divas is to this day shrugged off by the casual listener as too simplistic.
		Stein invented Virgil T but Thomson divided up the text for Virgil T and added Gertrude S. In the ground-breaking first opera Four Saints in Three Acts, Thomson also created two narrators named the Commère and Compère which he modeled after similar characters encountered in French variety shows.
		One suspects Virgil Thomson is spoofing Gilbert and Sullivan.
	www.culturevulture.net /Opera/MotherofUsAll.htm (1482 words)

	Amazon.ca: Books: Virgil Thomson: Composer on the Aisle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Thomson was a prominent musical figure who won a Pulitizer Prize for music, reigned as music critic of the New York Herald Tribune for 14 years, and wrote, with Gertrude Stein, Four Saints in Three Acts, which created a sensation and set a record for an opera by running for six weeks on Broadway.
		His portrait of Thomson, while certainly uncompromising is neither a scandal volume and it certainly is not hagiographical.
		Bernstein's statement on the death of Thomson unfortunately rings true today: 'we loved his music but rarely played it.' Hopefully, those who read Tommasini's work will become more interested in the extraordinary oeuvre of Virgil Thomson.
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/0393040062 (541 words)

	Geometry.Net - Composers: Thomson Virgil
		Virgil Thomson: Composer on the Aisle by Anthony Tommasini, 01 June, 1997
		Extractions: Virgil Thomson Virgil Thomson, born in Kansas City and long resident in Paris and New York, is one of the few true modernists in America, since most of our moderns turn out Romantics in Disguise.
		Extractions: A s America celebrates the centenary of Virgil Thomson's birth in 1896 with revivals of his works and a new biography in preparation, there is increasing awareness of what a musician's musician this composer and critic truly was.
	www4.geometry.net /composers/thomson_virgil.html (1915 words)

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