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 | | The American action was in response to French seizures of U.S. merchant vessels on the high seas, and to the "XYZ Affair" in which the French government attempted to extort thousands of dollars from three U.S. envoys in Paris. |
 | | The French, then at war with England, had taken these actions in retaliation for the Jay Treaty, in which the Americans promised the British not to trade with France.(54) Here I argue that liberal ideology in the form of republican solidarity prevented France and the United States from engaging in full-scale war. |
 | | After Lord Salisbury, British prime minister and foreign minister, told Cleveland that it was no affair of the United States', Congress voted unanimously in December 1895 to fund an American commission to decide the boundary, with its recommendations to be enforced by whatever means necessary. |
| www.uoregon.edu /~rmitchel/ir/readings/owen.htm (10330 words) |