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Topic: Viriathus

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	Viriathus Information
		Viriathus (known as Viriato in Portuguese and Castilian) (180 BC - 139 BC) was the most important leader of the Lusitanian tribe that resisted Roman expansion into the regions of Western Iberia, where the Roman province of Lusitania would be established (in the areas comprising Portugal, south of the Douro river, and Extremadura in Spain).
		Viriathus led the Lusitanian guerrilla fighters to several victories over the Romans between 147 BC and 139 BC before he was betrayed to the Romans by some of his own men and killed.
		Viriathus is seen as the earliest Portuguese national hero, and, also as a hero for the Spanish, given the fact that he was the leader of the confederated Iberian tribes against Rome.
	www.bookrags.com /wiki/Viriathus (833 words)

	Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, page 1269 (v. 3) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		When Fabius returned from Gades, he could not be tempted by Viriathus to any regular engagement, but passed the remainder of the year in exercising his troops and in occasional skirmishes with the enemy, by which his soldiers acquired confidence and experience.
		Viriathus was defeated and driven out of the Roman dominions in Spain, and his two chief towns fell into the hands of Fabius.
		Accordingly, on their return they murdered Viriathus, while he was asleep in his tent, and made their escape to the Roman camp before any of the Lusitanians became aware of the death of their general.
	www.ancientlibrary.com /smith-bio/3603.html (1039 words)

	ipedia.com: Viriathus Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Viriathus was one of the leaders of the Lusitani tribe that countered the Romans in the region known today as Portugal.
		Viriathus (known as Viriato in Portuguese) (180 BC - 139 BC) was one of the leaders of the Lusitani tribe that countered the Romans in the region known today as Portugal.
		Viriathus never forgot the tragic trap and later, when some Lusitanian leaders prepared to do a new agreement with the Romans, after a major loss of lives by the Roman army of Caius Vetilius, Viriathus remembered Galba's treachery and proposed a Lusitanian War against the Romans.
	www.ipedia.com /viriathus.html (724 words)

	Appian's History of Rome: The Spanish Wars
		Viriathus entered the town by night, and at daybreak fell upon those who were working in the trenches, compelling them to throw away their spades and run.
		Viriathus was not arrogant in the hour of victory, but considering this a favorable opportunity to bring the war to an end and win the great gratitude of the Romans, he made an agreement with them, and this agreement was ratified at Rome.
		Viriathus, deeming it unwise to engage in battle, on account of the smallness of his army, ordered the greater part of it to retreat through a hidden defile, while he drew up the remainder on a hill as though he intended to fight.
	www.livius.org /ap-ark/appian/appian_spain_14.html (1150 words)

	Viriathus And The Lusitanian War
		Quintus Pompeius was driven back to his camp and Viriathus then managed to drive out a garrison from Itucca, one of the cities lost to the Romans the previous year.
		Viriathus went on to ravage the countryside of Bastitania while Quintus Pompeius was paralyzed, as Appian says, by his "timidity and inexperience".
		After this, Viriathus was in desperate need of provisions and retired to Lusitania by burning his camp and departing under the cover of night.
	www.unrv.com /bio/viriathus-IV.php (613 words)

	Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, page 1268 (v. 3) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The Lusitanians in alarm sent offers of submission to Galba, who enticed them to leave their mountain fastnesses by promising to give them fertile lands, and when they had descended into the plains, relying on the word of a Roman general, he surrounded them with his troops and treacherously butchered them.
		Viriathus, who was serving among his countrymen, but who had not yet been formally recognised as their general, reminded them of the.treachery of the Romans, and promised, if they would obey his commands, to save them from their present danger.
		The country of the Roman allies was thus again left exposed to the ravages of Viriathus, who compelled the inhabitants to pay to him the full value of their crops, and destroyed them if they refused.
	www.ancientlibrary.com /smith-bio/3602.html (961 words)

	Viriathus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Viriathus (known as ''Viriato'' in Portuguese and Castilian) (180 BC - 139 BC) was the most important leader of the Lusitanian tribe that resisted Roman expansion into the regions of Western Iberia, where the Roman province of Lusitania would be established (in the areas comprising Portugal, south of the Douro river, and Extremadura in Spain).
		Viriathus is seen as the earliest Portuguese national hero, and, also as a hero for the Spanish, given the fact that he was the leader of the confederated Iberian tribes against Rome.
		Knowing that the Lusitanian resistance was largely due to Viriathus' leadership, Marcus Pompilius Lenas bribed Audax, Ditalcus and Minurus, three Lusitanians sent by Viriathus as an embassy to establish peace.
	www.seattleluxury.com /encyclopedia/entry/Viriathus (907 words)

	Viriathus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Servilianus declared Viriathus to be a "Friend of Rome" and recognized the Lusitanian rule over their own lands.
		Knowing that the Lusitanian resistance was largely due to Viriathus' leadership, Marcus Popillius Laenas bribed Audax, Ditalcus and Minurus, three Lusitanians sent by Viriathus as an embassy to establish peace.
		With the death of Viriathus, the Lusitanian resistance began to end, although total pacification of Lusitania was only achieved under Augustus.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Viriathus (803 words)

	Viriathus vs Rome at Gavin’s Blog
		Viriathus is a name I had not come across before, but reading about him in The Enemies of Rome by Philip Matyzsak, he is certainly someone I won’t forget.
		He duly surrendered unconditionally, but Viriathus accepted, and demanded Roman forces withdraw from Lusitania, and recognise their independence, Viriathus was to be considered a friend and ally of the Roman people.
		Viriathus was reluctant to resume war, so he sent 3 trusted advisors to Caepio, Caepio lavished the 3 advisors with luxuries, and told them if they killed Viriathus they would obtain a huge reward.
	www.gavinsblog.com /?p=1977 (1362 words)

	Spotlight on Nation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The Republic of Viriathus is a huge, economically powerful nation, notable for its barren, inhospitable landscape.
		Its compassionate, hard-working, intelligent population of 953 million are effectively ruled by a group of massive corporations, who run for political office and provide their well-off citizens with world-class goods and services.
		Viriathus is ranked 573rd in the region and 20,160th in the world for Fastest-Growing Economies.
	www.nationstates.net /-1/page=display_nation/nation=viriathus (223 words)

	VIRIATHUS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Viriathus led a revolt of the Spanish Lusitanians in a guerilla war against the Romans.
		Viriathus inflicted a series of severe defeats on Roman forces between 147 and 139 BC.
		Viriathus is still a revered hero in Portuguese history.
	www.hyperhistory.com /online_n2/people_n2/ppersons2_n2/viriathus.html (80 words)

	Portugal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The Lusitanians and other native tribes, under the leadership of Viriathus,born in Loriga, successfully held off the Romans, took back land, and ransacked Conistorgis, the Conii capital, because of their alliance with Rome.
		They bribed ambassadors sent by Viriathus, and persuaded the traitors to kill their own commander.The three men named Audax, Ditalco and Minuro waited until Viriato was asleep and then murdered him.
		Viriathus was assassinated, and the resistance was soon over.
	www.muestrario.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/p/po/portugal.html (4796 words)

	World eBook LIbrary PGCC Collection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Viriathus gab der Masse seiner Leute den Befehl, sich in einzelnen Trupps auf verschiedenen Wegen nach dem bestimmten Sammelplatz zu begeben; er selber bildete aus den bestberittenen und zuverlaessigsten Leuten ein Korps von 1000 Pferden, womit er den Abzug der Seinigen deckte.
		Nachdem Viriathus zwei volle Tage hindurch mit seinem Haufen das ganze roemische Heer aufgehalten hatte, verschwand auch er ploetzlich in der Nacht und eilte dem allgemeinen Sammelplatz zu.
		Viriathus indes begnuegte sich, wie einst der Samnitenfeldherr in den Caudinischen Paessen, mit Servilianus einen Frieden abzuschliessen, worin die Gemeinde der Lusitaner als souveraen und Viriathus als Koenig derselben anerkannt ward.
	gutenberg.com /eBooks/PGCC/4momm10.htm (15106 words)

	Appian's History of Rome: The Spanish Wars
		These arrangements having been made, they all fled as soon as Viriathus mounted his horse, Vetilius was afraid to pursue those who had scattered in so many different ways, but turning towards Viriathus who was standing there and apparently waiting a chance to attack, joined battle with him.
		Viriathus, having first laid an ambush in a dense thicket, retreated until Vetilius was passing through the place, when he turned, and those who were in ambush sprang up.
		Winter being ended, and his army well disciplined, he attacked Viriathus and was the second Roman general to put him to flight (although he fought valiantly), capturing two of his cities, one of which he plundered and the other burned.
	www.livius.org /ap-ark/appian/appian_spain_13.html (1175 words)

	Viriathus
		What is primarily know of Viriathus and the conflict he lead his fellow Lusitanians in is through Appian’s treatment of the Spanish Wars and a few scattered fragments left of Cassius Dio’s treatment of the same subject.
		Through Dio we learn that Viriathus was from humble origins; a shepherd who like most Lusitanian men turned to the life of a brigand; which is what Strabo indeed tersely calls him when making a passing, disparaging remark about the Iberian people’s innate inability to ever form a true confederacy.
		It is commonly supposed that Viriathus may not have been the name by which he was known to his fellow countrymen but more of a descriptive name bestowed on him by the Romans or other contemporaries.
	www.unrv.com /bio/viriathus.php (612 words)

	Viriathus - Education - Information - Educational Resources - Encyclopedia - Music
		Viriathus (known as Viriato in Portuguese and Castilian) (180 BC - 139 BC) was one of the leaders of the Lusitani tribe that countered the Romans in the regions known today as Portugal and Extremadura.
		Knowing that the Lusitanian resistance was largely due to Viriathus' leadership, Marcus Pompilius Lenas bribed Audax, Ditalco and Minurus, the three Lusitanians of the embassy sent by Viriathus to establish permanent peace.
		The heroic feats of Viriathus, who was only defeated by treason, had an extremely important moral for Portuguese Nationalism (the Lusitanian People was the ancestor of the Portuguese People) and to some extent Spanish nationalism.
	www.music.us /education/V/Viriathus.htm (944 words)

	The Baldwin Project: Helmet and Spear by Alfred J. Church
		Viriathus was a native of Lusitania, a region nearly corresponding to what is now called Portugal.
		Viriathus was one of the few who escaped.
		Viriathus surprised a Roman army that was investing one of the Lusitanian towns, and inflicted upon it so heavy a loss that it was compelled to raise the siege.
	www.mainlesson.com /display.php?author=church&book=helmet&story=pyrenees (2108 words)

	Portugal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The Lusitanians and other native tribes, under the leadership of Viriathus,born in Loriga, successfully held off the Romans, took back land, and ransacked Conistorgis, the Conii capital, because of their alliance with Rome.
		They bribed ambassadors sent by Viriathus, and persuaded the traitors to kill their own commander.The three men named Audax, Ditalco and Minuro waited until Viriato was asleep and then murdered him.
		Viriathus was assassinated, and the resistance was soon over.
	www.gogoglo.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/p/po/portugal.html (4796 words)

	Theodor Mommsen History of Rome - The Revolution Page 04
		Viriathus followed him into the province, but as his troops after the wont of Spanish insurrectionary armies suddenly melted away, he was obliged to return to Lusitania (612).
		Viriathus, however, was content, like the Samnite general formerly at the Caudine passes, to conclude a peace with Servilianus, in which the community of the Lusitanians was recognized as sovereign and Viriathus acknowledged as its king.
		Then Viriathus recollected the fate of his countrymen whom Galba had caused to be disarmed, and grasped his sword afresh.
	italian.classic-literature.co.uk /history-of-rome/04-the-revolution/ebook-page-04.asp (714 words)

	New Page Title
		Viriathus decided that he had underestimated the Romans, and in 143 BC, he told the tribes of the Arevaci, Titthi and Belli to revolt separately.
		Viriathus finally retreated when he was short of supplies, and went back to Lusitania.
		Caepio pleaded with the Senate to be allowed to attack Viriathus because he felt the treaty was humiliating.
	scissorblades.tripod.com /essays/id4.html (5198 words)

	Ramses probeer, pruts en projectpagina (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Viriathus is een held als José de Madrazo in 1808 zijn dood schildert, op het moment dat de vrijheid van Spanje bedreigd wordt door invallen van de Fransen.
		Viriathus is nog steeds een held als ik in Porto op een boekenmarkt verschillende standjes bijna zie bezwijken onder het gewicht van talloze exemplaren van één van de meest recente populair wetenschappelijke publicaties over de Lusitaanse rebel, getiteld: Viriato, a luta pela liberdade (Viriathus, de strijd voor de vrijheid).
		Viriathus is het onderwerp van menig historisch onderzoek geweest, meestal, niet geheel onlogisch, uitgevoerd door Spaanse en Portugese wetenschappers.
	home.hetnet.nl /~rampiepeters/geschiedenis.htm (517 words)

	Battle of Tribola (147 BC) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		With 1000 men and some swift horses Viriathus managed to harass and delay the Romans while the Lusitani escaped.
		Pursued by Marcus Vetilius, Viriathus and his men proceeded toward the town of Tribola, where the rest of the Lusitani were waiting for him.
		As the Romans passed the thicket, they were suddenly attacked by Viriathus from the front and by the concealed Lusitani in the flanks.
	fanaticus.org /DBA/battles/tribola.html (467 words)

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