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Topic: Virologists

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	Virologists Track New Influenza Threat
		Of greater concern to virologists is a "shift," which occurs when a radically different strain enters people.
		But extensive surveillance at the time found no reported cases in humans, leading scientists to believe the H5 virus was not readily transmitted to people.
		Virologist Virginia Hinshaw, dean of the Graduate School and a UW-Madison influenza expert, said there are 15 different types of influenza distinguished by variations in their surface proteins.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/1997-12/UoW-VTNI-221297.php (632 words)

	College Search, College Resources, Career Information :: Schools in the USA
		Virologists who work on researching dangerous organisms, such as Ebola or AIDS must take special safety precautions, such as wearing protective suits and working in biohazard areas, restricted only to these scientists.
		Virologists are usually well organized, enjoy working in the laboratory with equipment and performing tasks that require precision.
		Virologists with PhDs may conduct and lead individual and group research projects and teach in universities, manage hospital (clinical) diagnostic virology laboratories or advance to senior scientific appointments in government or industry.
	www.schoolsintheusa.com /careerprofiles_details.cfm?CarID=431 (991 words)

	CDC - Virus Taxonomy: One Step Forward, Two Steps Back
		That virologists also recognize the value of using a combination of characters to define a species is not novel but reflects that elements other than morphologic features, i.e., host and geographic distribution, vector requirements, and molecular sequences, contribute to defining a species.
		However, the issue is larger than that, and virologists need to know that they are not only working to solve a problem in virology, but they are also accountable to the larger biologic community so that we can communicate clearly and effectively across disciplines.
		Why virologists would wish to be discordant with the rest of biologic science is unclear, and no immediate value to such a system is evident.
	www.cdc.gov /ncidod/eid/vol10no1/03-0945.htm (1333 words)

	Communicating Information about Virus Structure and Biology Via the World Wide Web (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Virologists are encouraged to announce themselves as being Internet-accessible, and to ask or answer questions in the bionet.virology USENET newsgroup.
		Until recently, the only structural data to which most virologists had access (except for researchers who actually collected the data and their collaborators) was in the form of static images, usually from journal articles.
		Virologists are encouraged to submit images or animations of virus structures, tutorials, course exams, and other cutting-edge materials to our FTP server (rhino.bocklabs.wisc.edu) by anonymous FTP for addition to the World Wide Web server (www.bocklabs.wisc.edu).
	archive.ncsa.uiuc.edu /SDG/IT94/Proceedings/Educ/spencer/spencer.html (3495 words)

	House of Lords - Science and Technology - Minutes of Evidence
		For many years virologists and microbiologists were able to grow their infectious agents within the lab, and so were able to provide quite a rapid service to clinicians.
		The consequence of that is, further, that virologists are usually also required to have quite an input into research and training, both research as the development of clinical diagnostics but, also, research into the delivery of antivirals, the appreciation of outcome measurements and training not only of their fellow clinicians but, also, laboratory staff.
		I think it is true to say that virologists, perhaps, could play a bigger role but I think it is also important to recognise that there are limited numbers of virologists and their ability to interact with a multitude of different people is also resource limited.
	www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk /pa/ld200203/ldselect/ldsctech/23-v/2120308.htm (5611 words)

	" MSU-Bozeman to Host Largest National Meeting of Virologists" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Most of the rooms will taken over by virologists, a strain of scientist interested in chunks of genetic material that invade cells like parasites and cause disease from the ordinary to the widely publicized.
		Virologist David Ho, who last year reported on a promising early treatment for AIDS patients, gives the conference’s last presentation Wednesday morning at 11:20.
		MSU virologist Mark Young said there are about 4,000 known viruses, and despite high profile outbreaks of influenza, HIV and Ebola, most viruses don’t cause disease.
	www.montana.edu /~wwwpb/univ/virus.html (533 words)

	The DNA Files - GENETICS OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE - The Topic In-Depth
		Virologists Mark Gibbs, John Armstrong and Adrian Gibbs took 30 closely related flu strains in birds, pigs and humans and compared them to viral gene sequences from the preserved lung tissue of several Spanish flu victims.
		They came up with a controversial hypothesis that sections of the genetic instructions from what are now a pig strain and a human strain had joined to make a virus that might have been especially hard for the human immune system to recognize.
		Some virologists say there is little evidence that recombination occurs naturally among flu viruses, although it has been seen in HIV and dengue fever.
	www.dnafiles.org /about/pgm12/topic.html (1450 words)

	AEGiS-GMHC: Down in the Lab - September 2002
		Virologists study viruses and immunologists study immune systems, but since HIV came along, more and more scientists from the two fields are learning about each other's work.
		For example, most virologists eagerly await each new biweekly issue of the Journal of Virology to see what their colleagues are up to.
		While a therapeutic application of RNA interference may be viable down the road, in the meantime, virologists have a powerful new tool to use to tease apart the intricate web of protein-protein relationships that exists between HIV and its human host cells.
	www.aegis.com /pubs/gmhc/2002/GM160903.html (2832 words)

	Coronavirus - Archives of Virology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Virology has also entered the post-genomic era and an increasing number of virologists are moving in their research from a purely genome-oriented and reductionist approach towards a more integrated approach that considers biological systems as a whole and addresses the dynamic interplay between viruses, their hosts, and their vectors.
		Virologists focus increasingly on viral phenotype expression, cellular integration, viral life cycles, and viral epidemiology, and this makes Archives of Virology an increasingly attractive publication venue.
		By shifting from the molecular study of genomics to that of virus-host interactions, virologists will then recognize that viruses belong more to biology than to chemistry and that an integrative approach to biological systems is more appropriate than a purely molecular approach.
	www.esi-topics.com /coronavirus/interviews/ArchivesofVirology.html (1049 words)

	CDC - Emerging Issues in Virus Taxonomy
		For many years, plant virologists had been arguing that the concept of species was not applicable to viruses because they are not sexually reproducing organisms (2,3).
		Since very few virologists express their views on matters of taxonomy (21,22), successive ICTV Executive Committees have always found it difficult to poll the representative opinion of virologists worldwide (30), and it is not clear what sort of democratic process would satisfy those who criticize ICTV decisions.
		During 2002, efforts were made to canvass virologists regarding their acceptance of a binomial system of species names; the results of two ballots showed that a sizeable majority (80%-85%) of the 250 virologists who expressed an opinion were in favor of a binomial system (24,31).
	www.cdc.gov /ncidod/EID/vol10no1/03-0279.htm (3978 words)

	[No title]
		It was unanimously accepted in the meeting that a « Federation of African Societes of Virologists and Microbiologists should be created In order to achieve this goal, the meeting resolved : 1.That the chairman on the organising commitee of this conference, Dr. Njayou, should be the co-ordinator of the activities of the proposed Federation.
		Benoni (Gabon) Milaiti (Chad) Rakoto Andrianarivelo Mala (Madagascar) Yaounde, 22/11/1996 2- Objectives : The Federation of African Societies of Virologists and Microbiologists (FASVIMI) was established in 1996 in Yaounde (Cameroon).
		The principal objectives of the FASVIMI are at present comprises of 20 countries,: To enhance the contribution and impact of virologists and microbiologists in national development.
	fasvimi.ifrance.com /acfasvimi.htm (430 words)

	Academic Medicine - Virology
		Molecular epidemiology is of increasing importance for clinical virologists generally, as is experience in general epidemiological principles as applied to infectious diseases.
		The career of senior clinical virologists has seen the identification of such blood borne infections as, for example, hepatitis B, hepatitis C and HIV, new herpes viruses (HSV 6, 7 and 8), SARS.
		Although extensions to the training period are not wanted, clinical virologists will benefit by being encouraged to undertake research for a higher degree.
	www.academicmedicine.ac.uk /virology.aspx (824 words)

	Review and Summary of Late Breaker Oral Reports at the Retrovirus Conference during the Last Session
		The study virologists reviewed the genotype results and the patient's antiretroviral history, and prepared a consensus "expert" GART report with genotype interpretations and suggested treatment regimens.
		Active drugs were defined as drugs for which the protocol virologists interpreted as not resistant for the given individuals.
		At units where doctors adhered to the virologists' recommendations 60-80% of the time the GART group had an average viral load reduction of -1.21 log vs a -0.55 viral load reduction in the no GART group, with a P-value of.01.
	www.natap.org /1999/6thcroi/chicagogart.html (1326 words)

	Virology at the University of Maryland
		This grant proposal seeks support for training virologists prepared to meet research challenges common to all viruses- which includes developing strategies to protect humans, animals, or plants from viral diseases as well as exploiting viruses as tools to improve the quality of life.
		A basic understanding of how viruses exploit the cellular machinery to replicate their genomes holds the key to the control and manipulation of viruses; thus, the focus of this integrative program is the study of viral replication and gene expression.
		The inclusion of virologists in this program who specialize in a wide diversity of virus families results in an effective cross-pollination of research ideas as scientists, graduate students and post-doctoral trainees interact.
	www.life.umd.edu /CBMG/research/virology/goals.html (1271 words)

	House of Lords - Science and Technology - Minutes of Evidence
		Please note that our work is complementary to that of Medical Microbiologists (who deal with the laboratory aspects of bacterial/parasitic/fungal and some common virus infections) and Infectious Disease Physicians (who provide clinical care to patients with illnesses caused by all types of infectious agents).
		Virologists provide specialist laboratory diagnostic services for virus infections and are at the forefront of applying molecular biological techniques to achieve rapid and sensitive diagnosis.
		Our members include all of the specialist Virologists practising within the UK and our activities to date have been funded entirely from our own resources.
	www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk /pa/ld200203/ldselect/ldsctech/23-v/2120302.htm (1307 words)

	Online edition of Daily News - Features (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		This has resulted in extraordinary efforts on the part of virologists to study, understand and eradicate these pathogens.
		Ranjan Ramasamy in his introductory address emphasized that scientists should launch original research projects with high scientific merit but that the need for improving the health of the nation should also be addressed.
		He pointed out that insufficient numbers of well trained virologists and a shortage of funds for equipment and consumable items are a great setback in the fight to control viral diseases in Sri Lanka at present.
	www.dailynews.lk /2003/05/14/fea08.html (671 words)

	Amazon.com: Viral Hepatitis: Books: Arie J. Zuckerman,Howard C. Thomas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Viral Hepatitis, a multiauthored work, aims to present to clinicians, pathologists, and epidemiologists the best of our understanding of the basic virology of the hepatitis viruses and of some viruses, such as hepatitis G virus, that resemble but do not seem actually to be hepatitis viruses.
		Virologists will benefit from reviews of the current understanding of clinical and epidemiologic aspects of hepatitis viruses.
		Virologists will be particularly interested in chapters such as Kann and Gerlich's elegantly illustrated and imaginative review of the molecular virology of HBV and the comprehensive review of the molecular virology of HCV by McGarvey et al.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0443057974?v=glance (831 words)

	CNN - 'The River' - September 9, 1999
		By 1959, many virologists were persuaded that the more easily administered oral vaccines of Sabin and Koprowski were also capable of giving longer-lasting protection.
		A renowned Swedish virologist, Dr. Sven Gard, who had been on several months' sabbatical at Koprowski's research center, the Wistar Institute, spoke up in his defense.
		This was a fear that was to become very much more substantial over the years that followed, as virologists began to learn a lot more about tissue cultures, especially monkey kidney tissue cultures, and the many ways in which they could become contaminated.
	www.cnn.com /books/beginnings/9909/the.river (5287 words)

	Re: What does a virologist do?
		Other virologists might 'differentiate' or 'evolve' from specialists in other fields like entomology (arboviruses), ecology (geographic virologists), epidemiology (viral disease hunters) or pathology (causes of disease).
		The one thing in common is a general fascination for viruses, these tiny submicroscopic particles consisting of protein and nucleic acids that can't exist very well without having some kind of biological host upon which they depend for some of their life functions.
		Some virologists use the information they learn working with viruses to invent vaccines that might be used to protect people from the disease.
	www.madsci.org /posts/archives/jan2000/947356277.Vi.r.html (490 words)

	DanforthCenter.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		It seems timely, therefore, to spell out the implications of such a binomial system if it were used for all the official species names that appeared in the 7th ICTV Report [11].
		Only if this is done, will it be possible for virologists to assess both the advantages and disadvantages of a binomial system.
		Plant virologists have been careful to coin genus names in accordance with the ICTV International Code and as a result, the binomial system is readily applicable to plant viruses.
	danforthcenter.org /iltab/ictvnet/asp/iMessageDisplayPost.asp?PID=51 (862 words)

	Russian virologists are engaged in development of a test system to diagnose Evian influenza
		Russian virologists are engaged in development of a test system to diagnose Evian influenza
		Russian virologists are engaged in development of a test system to diagnose with maximum accuracy Evian influenza manifestations both in hens and humans.
		In his interview to RIA Novosti German Shipulin, head of the laboratory of the Central Scientific and research institute of epidemiology stated that "they were hopeful to obtain first test-system results in the next two-three weeks." The scientist reported that after that they would carry out the first clinical tests on affected poultry.
	www.russiannewsroom.com /send.aspx?id=371 (308 words)

	Untitled (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Erik Larson’s story tells the story of virologists (who) trying to identify an unknown, lethal virus (what) that is currently (when) affecting fowl and humans in Hong Kong (where).
		virologists efforts are an attempt to prevent a pandemic (why).
		Larson presents both how the super-virus developed and how virologists look for answers to the many unanswered questions concerning the virus.
	www.willamette.edu /~ccollins/framing/ceisele/script.htm (159 words)

	The Body: Vexed Virologists: Study After Study, Antiretroviral Analyses Confound More Than They Clarify
		Last year in Berlin (for those delegates who stayed for the hastily composed addendum to the program), Alabama virologist Vicky Johnson showed how resistance at baseline could not explain why patients who switched from AZT to ddI appeared to do better; nor could the presence of the much balleyhooed syncytia inducing ("SI") virus.
		Subsequent analyses of the 116B/117 data by University of Washington virologist Robert Coombs and Brooks Jackson of Case Western Reserve in Cleveland found that not even the quantity of virus at baseline (nor changes in the levels of virus throughout the study) could explain differences in response to therapy -- or clinical outcome.
		Huddled away off-site at the recent ACTG retreat, far from the mundane proceedings of lesser committees, presentation after presentation before the Primary Infection committee evoked alternating hushes and whispers from the roomful of bewildered virologists.
	www.thebody.com /tag/mayvirol.html (724 words)

	Virologists and AIDS Doctors Call for Commutation of Death Sentence of Nurses and Doctor in Libya
		Virologists and AIDS Doctors Call for Commutation of Death Sentence for Nurses and Doctor in Libya
		Virologists and AIDS doctors from around the globe have sent an open letter to Libyan leader Mu'ammar al-Gaddafi protesting the death sentence of Bulgarian nurses and a Palestinian doctor accused of deliberately infecting Libyan children with HIV.
		Unsafe health care is a global problem and these health professionals should not be scapegoated for systemic inadequacies.
	www.phrusa.org /campaigns/colleagues/release_libyaopenletter.html (140 words)

	Is Asian Bird Flu the Next Pandemic? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		But some virologists caution that alarmist warnings could harm preparedness plans.
		While most health experts agree that the bird flu virus represents a grave danger and is highly likely to spread unless urgent steps are taken, some virologists caution that alarmist warnings could harm preparedness plans.
		Virologists say domesticated ducks and pigs would be the likely carriers if avian flu H5N1 were to genetically mutate into a form that could leap between humans.
	news.nationalgeographic.com /news/2004/12/1207_041207_birdflu.html (564 words)

	HIV & AIDS - AIDS Dissidents: Interview with Bryan Ellison
		So the virologists dominated the war on cancer.
		Well, along came some few virologists in the early sixties who simply invented the notion of the slow virus, which actually was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1976.
		Of course once the concept—of slow viruses that can act even after they've been cleared from the body by the immune system—had come to be accepted, it was possible to blame conceivably any disease on a virus, no matter how uninfectious the disease was.
	www.virusmyth.net /aids/data/raellison.htm (2819 words)

	Introduction
		is an association of invertebrate virologists who aim to support basic and applied research on insect viruses.
		forum of virologists, molecular biologists, cell biologists, epidemiologists, ecologists, phytochemists to discuss and exchange ideas, knowledge and experience on the biology of insect viruses and their application in pest management.
		he Virus Division was initiated in 1995 by the unforgotten Norman Crook and some other SIP members, who felt that the interests of insect virologists within the Society should be coordinated and strengthened and that the Society`s insect virologists should be given a representative voice.
	www.sipweb.org /VirusDivision/vd_introduction.htm (403 words)

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