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Topic: Virtuous circle and vicious circle

	Virtuous circle and vicious circle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		When this tendency is absent we use terms like virtuous circle and vicious circle (or virtuous cycle and vicious cycle) to describe these unstable pattern of events.
		Both circles are complexes of events with no tendency towards equilibrium (at least in the short run).
		The Problem of Conflicted Virtue - In this link the author is using virtue in the sense of a positive outcome (balance of payments surplus) that conflicts with long term regional growth and stability.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Virtuous_cycle (779 words)

	circle
		A part of a circle bound by two radii is called an arc, and the ratio between the length of an arc and the radius defines the angle between the two radii in radians.
		The 3-dimensional analog of the circle is the sphere.
		Squaring the circle refers to the (impossible) task of constructing, for a given circle, a square of equal area with ruler and compass alone.
	www.fact-library.com /circle.html (871 words)

	Dark Circles Under Eyes -- Recommendations and Resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Sometimes the word ''circle'' is used to mean the interior, with the circle itself called the circumference.
		The circle centered at the origin with radius 1 is called the unit circle.
		All circles are similar; as a consequence, a circle's circumference and radius are proportional, as are its area and the square of its radius.
	www.becomingapediatrician.com /health/38/dark-circles-under-eyes.html (1290 words)

	The Future of Inter-Korean Relations: from Vicious Circle to Virtuous Cycle
		This vicious circle of recriminations is based on the master narratives of “dangerous North Korea”, on the one hand, and “greedy American warmongers”, on the other.
		The vicious circle of mistrust was first broken by the 1994 Agreed Framework, in which each side to the confrontation not only recognised its adversary’s security concerns but also took measures to allay them.
		In the situation where it is virtually heresy even to raise the issue, let alone discuss a detailed road plan toward ending the armistice, one possible way to resolve the differences seems to lie in a set of simultaneous non-aggression pacts between the parties to the Korean War.
	members.fortunecity.com /leonid7/virtuous_cycle.html (1759 words)

	the circle
		The Circle is a peer-to-peer distributed file storage application built in Python.
		From The Circle homepage: The Circle is a scalable decentralized peer to peer application.
		Circle does not try to provide anonymity, which allows it to be much more scalable than gnutella.
	www.fact-library.com /the_circle.html (282 words)

	Aristotle (384-322 BCE.): General Introduction [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]
		The virtue of courage, then, lies at the mean between the excessive extreme of rashness, and the deficient extreme of cowardice.
		The prominent virtue of this list is high-mindedness, which, as being a kind of ideal self-respect, is regarded as the crown of all the other virtues, depending on them for its existence, and itself in turn tending to intensify their force.
		Throughout the list he insists on the "autonomy of will" as indispensable to virtue: courage for instance is only really worthy of the name when done from a love of honor and duty: munificence again becomes vulgarity when it is not exercised from a love of what is right and beautiful, but for displaying wealth.
	www.utm.edu /research/iep/a/aristotl.htm (7037 words)

	heidegger
		Heidegger's hermeneutical circle (though he does not refer to it thus himself) transforms hermeneutics from a theory of interpretation to an ontological theory of understanding.
		Pivotal for a clear appreciation of Heidegger's circle is a clear understanding of Heidegger's notion of understanding as an "existentiale." By referring to understanding as an existentiale, Heidegger is saying that it is primordial.
		This circle of understanding is an expression of the existential fore-structure of Dasein, not a trajectory for extreme and random kinds of knowledge.
	www.songsinthenight.homestead.com /heidegger.html (1551 words)

	Financial Sense Editorial "A Virtuous Circle Becomes a Vicious Cycle" by John Dickerson 06.22.2004
		With globalization as the root cause for many onerous events spawned in our economy, we believe we are at the leading edge of a vicious cycle that will result in an inflationary price environment for tangible assets, along with a deflationary value trend for financial assets.
		Indeed, we were the primary beneficiaries of a virtuous circle: We consumed, Asia manufactured, we sent them our dollars in payment and they recycled the dollars by purchasing our debt, thus enabling the cycle to perpetuate itself.
		We are in a new competitive environment and the U.S. is no longer in a virtuous circle, but rather has become caught in a vicious cycle.
	www.financialsense.com /editorials/dickerson/2004/0622.html (2762 words)

	USS Clueless - Vicious and Virtuous Circles
		In fact, what you'd tend to expect was that once one team got enough ahead it would be virtually certain to win, with its score racing away from the other team.
		If you're on the winning side of any or all of these, you are the happy beneficiary of a virtuous circle, which more or less means that "them as has, gets".
		Every nation which has attempted to use regulation to stop this from happening has ended up being weak in international competition, and the nation as a whole then becomes one of the losers caught in a vicious circle, left behind by other nations who don't overregulate.
	denbeste.nu /cd_log_entries/2003/01/ViciousandVirtuousCircles.shtml (2041 words)

	[No title]
		When this 7 tendency is absent we 6 use terms like virtuous 9 circle and vicious circle 9 (or virtuous cycle and 8 vicious cycle) to describe 1 these unstable pattern of 1 events.
		Both 8 circles are complexes of 1 events with no tendency 4 towards equilibrium (at 1 least in the 9 short run).
		The Problem 8 of Conflicted Virtue 1 - In this link 6 the author is 1 using virtue in the 5 sense of a 9 positive outcome (balance of 7 payments surplus) that 1 conflicts with long term 8 regional growth and stability.
	www.cleog.com /vicious_cycle_.htm (835 words)

	KSG Press Release: Pippa Norris: Virtuous Circle
		In A Virtuous Circle: Political Communications in Postindustrial Societies, Norris, a lecturer in public policy at Harvard's John F. Kennedy School of Government, proves that the evidence for ‘media malaise’ has little support.
		This is the "virtuous" rather than "vicious" circle of her title.
		On the basis of systematic evidence and opinion surveys from post-industrial societies, A Virtuous Circle takes on many of the conventional shibboleths about the news media and campaigns and provides a fresh analysis of these issues.
	www.ksg.harvard.edu /press/press%20releases/2000/pippa_norris_virtuous_circle.htm (399 words)

	Growth planning fee
		Such organizational and cognitive filters can be represented as concentric circles: the more they are positioned at the core of decision function, the more they affect it.
		A positive loop describes a virtuous circle or a vicious circle concerning a growth or a declining process.
		Positive loops dominance in any socio-economical system (and consequently also within a firm) is not endless; both virtuous and vicious circles may be counterbalanced on a longer perspective by negative loops, which are a source of the system's stability.For example, the first positive loop commented on above could be counterbalanced by a market saturation (Fig.
	www.unipa.it /~bianchi/ita/s_d.htm (1021 words)

	Trade liberalization, foreign direct investment and customs modernization: a virtuous circle
		While this virtuous circle encompassing trade liberalization, FDI, and customs modernization benefits all who participate in it, the costs of non-participation will become increasingly burdensome in terms of lost investment and increasing economic isolation.
		The initial condition for realization of the virtuous circle is a trend toward trade liberalization, and it is clear that that condition holds in today's world.
		At the same time, economic turbulence has the potential to arouse protectionist sentiments that are self-defeating and lead to a vicious circle that can trigger worldwide trade wars and economic depression.
	www.iccwbo.org /home/statements_rules/statements/1999/trade_liberalization.asp (2183 words)

	[No title]
		In many parts of economics there 6 is an assumption that 3 a complex system of 4 determinants will tend 7 to lead to 7 a state of equilibrium.
		1 When this 3 tendency is absent we 4 use terms like virtuous 8 circle and vicious circle 5 (or virtuous cycle 5 and vicious cycle) 9 to describe these unstable 0 pattern of events.
		The 7 Problem of Conflicted 2 Virtue - In 6 this link the 3 author is using 2 virtue in the sense 0 of a positive outcome 7 (balance of payments surplus) 3 that conflicts with long 9 term regional growth and 3 stability.
	www.cleog.com /virtuous_cycle_.htm (884 words)

	World Economic Forum, Davos
		And ultimately, people's faith in their own self-government -- their belief that they can share in an ever-widening circle of human dignity and self-sufficiency -- is one of the most powerful economic tools we know.
		People will accept sacrifice in a democracy, not only because they have had a role in choosing it, but because they rightly believe they are likely to benefit from it.
		There is no greater challenge for our global community than to break the vicious cycle of poverty and ignorance -- and create a virtuous cycle of smaller, healthier, better-educated families -- with lower child mortality, and higher incomes.
	clinton4.nara.gov /WH/EOP/OVP/speeches/davos.html (2859 words)

	Encyclopedia: Loyalty business model
		In turn, happy employees feed back into higher customer satisfaction in a virtuous circle.
		In the cycle of success, an investment in your employeesâ ability to provide superior service to customers can be seen as a virtuous circle.
		A business model (also called a business design) is the mechanism by which a business intends to generate revenue and profits.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Loyalty-business-model (1319 words)

	Philosophical Dictionary: Vico-Voting
		Modern deontologists and utilitarians tend to suppose that individual virtues are morally worthwhile only when they encourage the performance of duty or contribute to the general welfare.
		Aristotle and many medieval Christians assumed that the acquisition of virtue is the proper goal of human conduct, though they differed significantly in their valuation of particular virtues.
		Rejecting the impersonality of moral judgments in the ethical theories of Kant and Mill, contemporary virtue ethicists emphasize the achievement of a meaningful life.
	www.philosophypages.com /dy/v9.htm (890 words)

	Vicious Circle Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Looking For vicious circle - Find vicious circle and more at Lycos Search.
		Vicious Circle - We've done the research for you.
		Find vicious circle - Your relevant result is a click away!
	www.karr.net /search/encyclopedia/Vicious_circle (248 words)

	Nursing Homes: 5 steps to preventive maintenance: is your preventive maintenance a vicious circle, getting you into ...
		For a leader responsible for millions of dollars worth of buildings and equipment, as well as the health and safety of residents, the business case for preventive maintenance that reduces cost and risk should be clear.
		Here's an example of how the vicious circle works: It might start when the recommended practice of regularly vacuuming clothes-dryer vents gets neglected because the task is not on anyone's priority list.
		Turn a vicious circle into a virtuous cycle, and the investment will pay for itself over and over again.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m3830/is_1_52/ai_96951756 (1285 words)

	Home
		For example, the opposite of the vicious circle occurs.
		If you manage to save $1,000 and you invest it one year at the rate of return of 10% that your bank had been making on you in the time of poorly managed finances, you would have $1,100 saved at the end of a year.
		If you even manage to save, say $500 (rather than borrowing it as in the vicious circle), then you will earn 10% on $1,500, which is $150 to add to your principle and earn $165 with the next year = this is the virtuous circle of compounding interest.
	www.idealharbor.com (776 words)

	Footnotes, Chapters 1-3, Anthony de Jasay, The State: Library of Economics and Liberty
		Clearly, however, the virtuous cycle has little stability; if it is interrupted by bad government for whatever reason, the independence of the judiciary is soon taken care of.
		If "refusing to gamble" is purported to be rational, it must be capable of being described as the gamble where the sum of the utilities of the possible outcomes, multiplied by their probabilities (which are all zero except for one outcome whose probability is unity), is the highest.
		It is virtually impossible so to describe the refusal to accept the very small probability of losing a very small sum for the sake of the remaining very high probability of gaining a very large sum, i.e.
	www.econlib.org /library/LFBooks/Jasay/jsySttNotes.html (8491 words)

	Movies \| Center piece (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Richard, who’s shown in washed-out flashbacks lolling in a tacky apartment empty except for piles of computer equipment, wants to move beyond his own virtual world and make contact with real life and real emotion.
		Wang wrote the script with the novelist Paul Auster, his collaborator on the overrated Smoke and underrated Blue in the Face, and The Center of the World shares the spontaneity and tension that is the chief virtue of those two films when Richard and Flo take time off from their contracted arrangement to hang out.
		Although it has its moments of virtual pathos, tenderness, and humor, this world is the center of a vicious circle.
	www.bostonphoenix.com /boston/movies/documents/01441659.htm (1212 words)

	Singularity: Bad Moon on the Rise
		But the flip side of every virtuous circle is a vicious circle.
		It has been a vicious circle, this oil and money addiction, that has lasted for 30 years, and has now reached the every accelerating point from which there is no turning back.
		And once an economic system is not about general activity, but about the control of some particularly scarce resource, it must become conservative, since economics is, on any given small time scale, zero sum...
	spacetimecurves.blogspot.com /2005/02/bad-moon-on-rise.html (1445 words)

	How to Save the World
		There is also a vicious cycle prejudice that says there is no point sending relief to people in countries with high birth rates, because "by keeping them alive we're just encouraging and enabling them to have more babies, which will in turn cause more famine and war".
		The result is ecological catastrophe (Rwanda being one of the worst examples), and a vicious cycle of famine, foreign food aid, land exhaustion and human deprivation ensues.
		Tyranny: The ruthless suppression of the majority by a rich and powerful minority can create a similar vicious cycle by which the majority is starved of the land and resources needed to support themselves, by theft or expropriation by the minority.
	blogs.salon.com /0002007 (9121 words)

	UN Chronicle: Welfare's Virtuous Circle
		This vicious circle is one of the main barriers to the take-off of nations that have met almost all the conditions to undertake a slow but firm process of development.
		It is prudent for us to remain alert to the serious implications of the absence of consistent social results due to this vicious circle.
		We will thus be able to achieve a virtuous circle of welfare-manageable family-welfare.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1309/is_3_36/ai_58675390 (568 words)

	Vicious circle - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Vicious circle - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title.
		The article about Vicious circle contains information related to Vicious circle.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Vicious_cycle (95 words)

	What Went Wrong in Corporate America? 2/24/2003
		As boards of directors far too often turned over to the company's managers the virtually unfettered power to place their own interests first, both the word and the concept of stewardship became conspicuous by their absence from corporate America's values.
		Serving as rubber-stamps for management, company directors have been responsible for approving option plans that are grossly excessive; audits in which the auditors are not independent appraisers of financial statements but partners of management; and mergers based on forcing the numbers rather than on improving the business.
		That doesn't mean, however, that the trusted fiduciary, the honest businessman, or the good merchant should behave in an ethical way only because their clients have dragged them, kicking and screaming, into doing what's right.
	www.vanguard.com /bogle_site/sp20030224.html (5942 words)

	Scottish Nous: Virtuous Circles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The term "vicious circle" has been around for a long time, and I suspect that the adjectival modification was not originally attached to discriminate between classes of circular arguments on the basis of their respective epistemic merits, but rather solely for rhetorical emphasis.
		The earliest use of "virtuous circle" that I'm familiar with occurs in Goodman's "The New Riddle of Induction", and I'm inclined to believe that the usage has drastically increased in the five decades since, although I can't produce proof of this claim.
		There are no virtuous circular arguments, including an allegedly good arguments for the reliability of the senses that are epistemically circular.
	scottishnous.typepad.com /my_weblog/2005/02/virtuous_circle.html (1471 words)

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