
	Where results make sense

Topic: Virulence

Related Topics

Phage

Immune system

Monoclonal antibody

Infection

Yersinia pestis

HIV

Antibody

Infectious disease

Pathogen

Septicemic plague

Blood type

Food

List of infectious diseases

Biosecurity

Control of Communicable Diseases Manual

In the News (Sat 26 Jul 08)

Gordon Brown

Derby County

Mike Huckabee

Lute Olson

Pearl Harbor

Sonia Gandhi

Ricky Hatton

Narendra Modi

Jesus Christ

Rudy Giuliani

	Virulence definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms
		The virulence of a microorganism (such as a bacterium or virus) is a measure of the severity of the disease it is capable of causing.
		The word "virulence" comes from the Latin "virulentia" from "virus" meaning a slimy liquid, particularly one that is foul and poisonous.
		Bird Flu - Bird flu is an infection caused by avian (bird) influenza (flu) viruses.
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=6911 (204 words)

	The Evolution and Maintenance of Virulence in Microparasites
		Highly virulent forms of the virus had a disadvantage because they killed the rabbits too quickly and thus reduced the time available for them to be picked up by the insect (mosquito or flea) vectors required for their infectious transmission.
		A corollary of the hypothesis of a positive trade-off between transmissibility and virulence is that if all else were equal, increases in the degree of vertical (e.g., from a mother to a fetus) transmission of a parasite, relative to its horizontal (infectious) transmission would favor reductions in its virulence (38).
		Short-sighted evolution and the virulence of pathogenic microorganisms.
	www.cdc.gov /ncidod/eid/vol2no2/levin.htm (5891 words)

	EID Vol 2 No 4: Molecular Mechanisms of Bacterial Virulence: Type III Secretion and Pathogenicity Islands
		to genes encoded on a virulence plasmid of pathogenic Yersinia spp.
		Virulence properties may be dispensable at certain stages of infection, and the coordinated loss of these characteristics could be beneficial to the bacterium.
		The virulence traits of pathogenic microorganisms at the genetic and molecular level remind us that bacterial pathogenicity does not arise by slow adaptive evolution but by "quantum leaps" (95); therefore, microbes can acquire complete systems that radically expand their capabilities to exploit and flourish in different host environments.
	www.cdc.gov /ncidod/EID/vol2no4/mecsas.htm (7957 words)

	Science: Factors of Parasitic Virulence
		Studies in which virulence is shown to increase during parasite-host interaction, as in Ebert's (1994) experiment with Daphnia magna, necessitate a synthesis of traditionally discrete factors to predict a coevolutionary outcome.
		Virulence may be increased when transmission necessitates insect vectors or consumption of the primary host by another species.
		Also, more virulent strains of the parasite are prone to induce mortality in entire subsets of the host population, driving themselves to extinction along with their hosts.
	www.cyberessays.com /Science/22.htm (2733 words)

	RedOrbit - Science - Identification and Characterization of Nip, Necrosis-Inducing Virulence Protein of Erwinia ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Similarly, the virulence of the mutant cells harboring either the empty vector or the Nip clone was compared in potato tubers.
		The defect in the virulence of the nip mutant could be complemented by the plasmid-encoded Nip protein, suggesting that it is the mutation in the nip gene and not its downstream effect that causes the reduced virulence in tuber tests (Fig.
		Virulence of necrosis-inducing protein (Nip) mutant is reduced in potato tuber assay.
	www.redorbit.com /news/display?id=108089 (7981 words)

	Virulence - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The ability of bacteria to cause disease is described in terms of the number of infecting bacteria, the route of entry into the body, the effects of host defense mechanisms, and intrinsic characteristics of the bacteria called virulence factors.
		The virulence factors of bacteria are typically proteins or other molecules that are synthesized by protein enzymes.
		Helicobacter pylori is able to survive in the acidic environment of the human stomach by producing the enzyme urease.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Virulence (585 words)

	Complete DNA Sequence and Comparative Analysis of the 50-Kilobase Virulence Plasmid of Salmonella enterica Serovar ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		of the 50-kb virulence plasmid of serovar Choleraesuis and the
		mutation in rlgA on the virulence plasmid from serovar Typhimurium
		Nucleotide sequence of a 13.9 kb segment of the 90 kb virulence plasmid of Salmonella typhimurium: the presence of fimbrial biosynthetic genes.
	iai.asm.org /cgi/content/full/69/4/2612 (4389 words)

	Mycology Workshop: Targets for Inhibiting Proliferation, Virulence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Loss of virulence was not due to a failure of the mutant to colonize or proliferate in vivo.
		While inhibiting virulence determinants could have value in the prophylaxis of fungal infections, it is not clear that blocking a pathogenic attribute without specific inhibition of the organism's proliferation would be of value in the treatment of acute phase infections in an immunocompromised patient.
		In fact, a large part of fungal virulence may simply be the culmination of many subtle adaptations that permit proliferation and survival within specific niches of the mammalian host.
	www.niaid.nih.gov /dmid/meetings/mycology94/targets.htm (1332 words)

	Characterization of Virulence Plasmids and Serotyping of Rhodococcus equi Isolates from Submaxillary Lymph Nodes of ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Characterization of Virulence Plasmids and Serotyping of Rhodococcus equi Isolates from Submaxillary Lymph Nodes of Pigs in Hungary -- Makrai et al.
		Characterization of Virulence Plasmids and Serotyping of Rhodococcus equi Isolates from Submaxillary Lymph Nodes of Pigs in Hungary
		Restriction cleavage patterns of plasmid DNA of intermediately virulent Rhodococcus equi isolates from the mandibular lymph nodes of pigs in Kagoshima, Aomori and Miyagi prefectures and the environment of pig-breeding farms.
	jcm.asm.org /cgi/content/full/43/3/1246 (2813 words)

	Optimal virulence - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		He explored the relationship between virulence and mode of transmission and came to the conclusion that virulence remains high in waterborne and vector-borne infections, such as cholera and Dengue.
		Ewald is convinced that the crowding of trench warfare is a major cause of the virulence of the 1918 influenza pandemic.
		Virulence weakens in a healthy population and as hosts acquire resistance.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Optimal_virulence (516 words)

	\|\| DukeMedNews \|\| Common Worm Provides Insights Into Salmonella Virulence
		The researchers found four genes related to the Salmonella's "molecular syringe" that are required for the bacteria to have maximum potency in infecting the worm, known as Caenorhabditis elegans.
		Aballay said this may be the reason of the remarkable overlap between Salmonella virulence factors required for pathogenesis in mammals and worms.
		One of the specific virulence factors injected into the host cells through the TTSS, termed SptP, was critical for the Salmonella's ability to kill C. elegans.
	www.dukemednews.org /news/article.php?id=7647 (897 words)

	Genome Biology \| Full text \| Fungal virulence studies come of age
		Sophisticated molecular biological research has revealed many virulence attributes in at least four pathogenic fungi, but the future study of fungal virulence requires investigators to distinguish between molecules that directly interact with the host, molecules that regulate these, and molecules that are always required for fungal growth and survival, independent of the host.
		Whether it is legitimate to refer to a gene as a virulence determinant when its function is to regulate the expression of host-interactive virulence molecules is an open question.
		Clearly, there is no substitute for thorough investigation of virulence phenotypes in as many models of infection as possible in vivo and ex vivo, particularly when single-gene disruptants are under scrutiny, if the true role of virulence molecules in the infection process is to be fully determined.
	genomebiology.com /2001/2/3/reviews/1009/1 (2844 words)

	Salmonella Typhimurium Virulence Knowledgebase
		Perhaps the most thoroughly characterized virulence type III secretion organelle is the Salmonella-pathogenicity-island-1 (SPI1)-encoded TTSS of Salmonella typhimurium, termed the needle complex (NC).
		Disruption of the SPI2 regulatory or secretory apparatus results in a dramatic decline in the ability of salmonellae to survive in the intracellular environment of host phagocytes (6, 36), which is a prerequisite for systemic infection (13, 27).
		One T3SS is encoded by a cluster of virulence genes termed Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI1).
	www.colorado.edu /mcdb/DetweilerLab/virulence (9749 words)

	Virulence Factors
		For example, Wassenaar and Gaastra [3] suggest that proteins thought of as necessary for pathogenicity fall into three categories: "true" virulence genes, those that are associated with virulence such as expression regulators of "true" factors, and lastly, virulence "life-style" genes that are required by the bacterium to enable colonization of the host.
		In essence, a virulence factor is any moiety produced by a pathogen that is essential for causing disease in a host.
		Proteins that are expressed in virulent strains of bacteria and predicted to have either a) a secretion signal and be secreted to the exterior of the cell, or b) alpha helical transmembrane (TM) segments and/or beta barrel TM regions and anchored in the outer cell membrane, are often the focus of antimicrobial therapies.
	www.jenner.ac.uk /BacBix3/PPvir_facs.htm (2358 words)

	Nth world commentaries: On the Virulence of Malware
		Transmission mode is theorized to be the main determinant of virulence, but the relation is complex; for example, virulence in malaria is postively correlated with transmission up to a certain limit, but after that excessive virulence is selected against because harm to the host will cause prevention of transmission.
		Vaccinations can have differing effects on virulence: imperfect vaccines are likely to increase virulence, whereas perfect vaccines that block transmission are likely to decrease virulence.
		Given the complexity of the evolution of virulence in biological parasites, it is interesting to speculate on how particular factors in computer systems could influence the evolution of virulence in computer malware.
	www.nthworld.org /archives/2005/06/on_the_virulenc.htm (1066 words)

	Salmonella Virulence Plasmid: Modular Acquisition of the spv Virulence Region by an F-Plasmid in Salmonella enterica ...
		the virulence plasmid of serovars Choleraesuis and Dublin (
		vagC and vagD of the Salmonella serovar Dublin virulence plasmid
		and distribution of the virulence plasmid is unknown.
	www.genetics.org /cgi/content/full/149/3/1183 (4855 words)

	Multiple Determinants Contribute to the Virulence of HSV Ocular and CNS Infection and Identification of Serine 34 of ...
		Mapping of virulence in the EcoRI H fragment of CJ394.
		The revertant was tested for virulence by using the marker rescue–infection procedure, and ocular disease was scored.
		to virulence of the OD4 strain is not a concern.
	www.iovs.org /cgi/content/full/44/6/2657 (7620 words)

	Alibris: Virulence
		"Escherichia coli": Virulence Mechanisms of a Versatile Pathogen is a unique, comprehensive analysis of the biology and molecular mechanisms that enable this ubiquitous organism to thrive.
		This volume describes the structure and function of bacterial toxins and presents a comprehensive review of virulence factors, providing recent information concerning cell physiology and biochemistry, as well as new toxin tools for experimental studies and clinical therapy.
		This is the first volume to bring together the studies on the differences and profound similarities in the molecular mechanism of virulence between bacteria pathogenic for humans, animals and plants.
	www.alibris.com /search/books/subject/Virulence (891 words)

	MODULATION OF VIRULENCE FACTORS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		These factors contribute to the virulence of the microorganisms and to their survival in the hostile envirnoment within the body of their host.
		The virulence of these microorganisms is due to the secretion of virulence factors that are called Yops.
		Pettersson et al measured the virulence of the Yersinia pseudotuberculosis by monitoring the emission of light from bacteria that expressed luciferase gene.
	www.bioscience.org /news/scientis/virulenc.htm (413 words)

	Investigation of Specific Substitutions in Virulence Genes Characterizing Phenotypic Groups of Low-Virulence Field ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The virulence of the strains transformed with plasmid harboring
		The virulence regulator protein of Listeria ivanovii is highly homologous to PrfA from Listeria monocytogenes and both belong to the crp-fnr family of transcription regulators.
		Assessment of the virulence of Listeria monocytogenes: agreement between a plaque-forming assay with HT-29 cells and infection of immunocompetent mice.
	aem.asm.org /cgi/content/full/71/10/6039 (4963 words)

	Identification of GtgE, a Novel Virulence Factor Encoded on the Gifsy-2 Bacteriophage of Salmonella enterica Serovar ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Identification of GtgE, a Novel Virulence Factor Encoded on the Gifsy-2 Bacteriophage of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium -- Ho et al.
		Pathogenicity islands of virulent bacteria: structure, function and impact on microbial evolution.
		A Salmonella typhimurium virulence protein is similar to a Yersinia enterocolitica invasion protein and a bacteriophage lambda outer membrane protein.
	jb.asm.org /cgi/content/full/184/19/5234 (3564 words)

	Previously unknown family of plague virulence factors identified (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Researchers at Duke University Medical Center have identified a previously unknown family of virulence factors that make the bacterium responsible for the plague especially efficient at killing its host.
		The researchers then screened a library of almost 1,000 Y. pestis mutants and found that six virulence factors are crucial for the bacterium to have full virulence.
		Of the six virulence factors, three are also required for infections in mammals.
	www.news-medical.net /?id=12734 (1021 words)

	Tracking down virulence in plague
		By comparing samples grown at the two physiological conditions mimicking the flea and the human (at 26°C and 37°C, respectively) and at low calcium concentration to induce virulence, the team is detecting differential protein expression to identify candidate proteins important for Y. pestis pathogenicity.
		Because it is the proteins that are actually responsible for virulence effects, the group is also working to correlate their proteomic data with genomic data obtained from microarray experiments.
		To learn more about the individual proteins responsible for virulence, the team is using various biochemical assays to test functional models of the candidate virulence factors.
	www.eurekalert.org /features/doe/2002-03/dlnl-tdv062102.php (2388 words)

	Streptococcus
		The group carbohydrate antigen (composed of N-acetylglucosamine and rhamnose) has been thought to have no role in virulence, but emerging strains with increased invasive capacity produce a very mucoid colony, suggesting a role of the capsule in virulence.
		The M proteins are clearly virulence factors associated with both colonization and resistance to phagocytosis.
		The increase in invasive streptococcal disease was associated with emergence of a highly virulent serotype M1 which is disseminated world-wide.
	textbookofbacteriology.net /streptococcus.html (3660 words)

	CiteULike: Tag virulence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Targeting malaria virulence and remodeling proteins to the host erythrocyte.
		A host-targeting signal in virulence proteins reveals a secretome in malarial infection.
		Co-ordinate expression of virulence genes during swarm-cell differentiation and population migration of Proteus mirabilis.
	www.citeulike.org /tag/virulence (709 words)

	Novel Plague Virulence Factor Identified - Dukehealth.org
		DURHAM, N.C. -- Researchers at Duke University Medical Center have identified a previously unknown family of virulence factors that make the bacterium responsible for the plague especially efficient at killing its host.
		In the process, the team not only demonstrated that the use of the common roundworm is a valid model for studying the virulence of Yersinia pestis, the bacterium that causes plague.
		In a study published last year, Abalallay showed that Salmonella uses similar virulence factors to infect both mammals and C. elegans.
	www.dukehealth.org /news/9214 (996 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)