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Topic: Vis viva

	Vis viva - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In the history of science, vis viva (from the Latin for living force) is an obsolete scientific theory that served as an elementary and limited early formulation of the principle of conservation of energy.
		was held by the rival camp to be the conserved vis viva.
		Vis viva now started to be known as energy, after the term was first used in that sense by Thomas Young in 1807.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Vis_viva (494 words)

	Vis-viva equation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It is the direct result of the law of conservation of energy, where the sum of kinetic and potential energy is constant as a satellite moves about its orbit.
		Vis viva is an historic term in the history of mechanics but it survives in this sole context.
		It represents the principle that the difference between the aggregate work of the accelerating forces of a system and that of the retarding forces is equal to one half the vis viva accumulated or lost in the system while the work is being done.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Vis-viva_equation (213 words)

	FanFiction.Net : Dictionary & Thesaurus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		[1913 Webster] Principle of vis viva (Mech.), the principle that the difference between the aggregate work of the accelerating forces of a system and that of the retarding forces is equal to one half the vis viva accumulated or lost in the system while the work is being done.
		Vis impressa [L.] (Mech.), force exerted, as in moving a body, or changing the direction of its motion; impressed force.
		Vis viva [L.] (Mech.), living force; the force of a body moving against resistance, or doing work, in distinction from vis mortua, or dead force; the kinetic energy of a moving body; the capacity of a moving body to do work by reason of its being in motion.
	www.fanfiction.net /dictionary.php?word=Vis (325 words)

	The Constitution Of Nature
		Having thus cleared our way to a perfectly definite conception of the vis viva of moving masses, we are prepared for the announcement that the heat generated by the shock of a falling body against the earth is proportional to the vis viva annihilated.
		Thus far vis viva has been entirely foreign to our contemplation of D and F. Let us now suppose D placed at a practically infinite distance from F; here, as stated, the pull of gravity would be infinitely small, and the perpendicular representing it would dwindle almost to a point.
		At the beginning the vis viva was zero, and the tension area was a maximum ; close to F the vis viva is a maximum, while the tension area is zero.
	www.oldandsold.com /articles21/science-1.shtml (7400 words)

	Clausius
		The ratio of the vis viva of translatory motion to the total vis viva is found to be equal to 3(γ' - γ)/2γ, where γ is the specific heat of the gas at constant volume (for unit volume) and γ' is specific heat at constant pressure.
		The ratio of the vis viva of the translatory motion to the whole vis viva is thus reduced to the ratio between the two specific heats.
		Thus it is corroborated what was before stated, that the vis viva of the translatory motion does not alone represent the whole quantity of heat in the gas, and that the difference is greater the greater the number of atoms of which the several molecules of the combination consist.
	web.lemoyne.edu /~giunta/CLAUSIUS57.html (6177 words)

	Artful engineering
		Developed by Cusumano and his graduate student, John Zolock (EMch MS '97), this sculpture is but one of the intriguing projects from Vis Viva*, an experimental collaboration between art and engineering designed to explore the boundary between the two seemingly disparate fields.
		Because of his work with Vis Viva and his expertise in mechanics and nonlinear dynamics, the Exploratorium asked him to help them create publicly-accessible displays of complex and chaotic phenomena.
		Vis Viva is Latin for "living force" and is the name given by the 17th-century philospher and mathematician Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz to what later became known as kinetic energy.
	www.engr.psu.edu /NewsEvents/EPS/v14n3_1998summer/artful.htm (926 words)

	Dynamic Energy in Physics
		The power of a bullet to pierce with its small mass but fast velocity has a lot of vis viva, as does an elephant whose mass is enough to make the ground tremble even at slow speeds.
		Eventually vis viva was replaced by kinetic energy, the energy of motion, with a proportionality constant of ½ expressed as:
		Though vis viva was forgotten for a time in favor of energies that could be integrated with Newton's force, it would resurface in the work of Albert Einstein.
	www.math.utah.edu /~heidi/energy0.html (893 words)

	Television Point \| Dictionary \| Meaning of vis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		Note: Vis interti[ae] and inertia are not strictly synonymous.
		The former implies the resistance itself which is given, while the latter implies merely the property by which it is given.
		The term vis viva is not usually understood to include that part of the kinetic energy of the body which is due to the vibrations of its molecules.
	www.televisionpoint.com /dictionary?define=vis (241 words)

	Chapter Virtueless <i>to</i> Visit of V by Webster's Dictionary (1913 Edition)
		the principle that the difference between the aggregate work of the accelerating forces of a system and that of the retarding forces is equal to one half the vis viva accumulated or lost in the system while the work is being done.
		The resistance of matter, as when a body at rest is set in motion, or a body in motion is brought to rest, or has its motion changed, either in direction or in velocity.
		Vis intertiæ and inertia are not strictly synonymous.
	www.bibliomania.com /2/3/257/1213/24462/2.html (432 words)

	The Portraits of Emilie
		Originally she was greatly influenced by the writings of Leibniz, and wrote an overview of his work (Institutions of Physics), but she later shifted her attention to Newton’s work and adopted the Newtonian view of physics almost completely (as did her lover and lifelong friend Voltaire).
		Even though “vis” means literally “force”, this quantity is proportional to what we call the (classical) kinetic energy of a massive particle.
		Interestingly, despite his dismissal of the significance of the dispute over vis viva, Mach was very impressed with an elementary argument of Schutz (1897) showing how the conservation of kinetic energy (or vis viva), together with a relativistic assumption, actually implies the conservation of momentum.
	www.mathpages.com /home/kmath595/kmath595.htm (1618 words)

	ChemTeam: Joule on Mechanical Equiv. of Heat
		Admitting the correctness of the equivalent I have named, it is obvious that the vis viva of the particles of a pound water at (say) 51° is equal to the vis viva possessed by a pound of water at 50° plus the vis viva which would be acquired by a weight of 817 lb.
		Assuming that the expansion of elastic fluids on the removal of pressure is owing to the centrifugal force of revolving atmospheres of electricity, we can easily estimate the absoute quantity of heat in matter.
		The velocity with which the atmosphere of electricity must revolve in order to present this enormous amount of vis viva must of course be prodigious, and equal probably to the velocity of light in the planetary space, or to that of an electric discharge as determined by the experiments of Wheatstone.
	dbhs.wvusd.k12.ca.us /webdocs/Chem-History/Joule-Heat-1845.html (941 words)

	1883-Dialectics of Nature-ch4 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		By this amount (or the half of it, according to the notation adopted) the vis viva is diminished owing both to the mutual penetration and to the change of form of the colliding bodies.
		If, however, the bodies lose vis viva in internal friction corresponding to their inelasticity, they also lose velocity, and the sum of mv after impact must be smaller than before.
		168): " The vis viva or kinetic energy of a moving body is proportional to the mass and the square of the velocity conjointly.
	www.marxists.org /archive/marx/works/1883/don/ch04.htm (4383 words)

	Johann Heinrich Lambert
		his discussion of Newtonian physics in the language of differential calculus (Vis Viva, 1783) and his investigations on parallels, a predecessor theory of non-Euclidean geometry (Theorie der Parallellinien, 1786) was published only posthumously.
		Vis Viva expressed Newton?s second law of motion in the notation of differential calculus.
		Lambert is also responsible for many innovations in the study of heat and light as well as working on the theory of probability.
	www.southernct.edu /~pinciuv/mat530pr7.html (606 words)

	TWO FUNDAMENTAL LAWS
		True to the Latin sense of the word, but different from the historical applications of this term to physics, the vis viva is but a life force, something capable of removing bodies from their preferred equilibrium states.
		An example of a vis viva would be a human being that carried a book to the top of a cliff.
		Again, the vis viva from another universe interferes with the equilibrium established by the charges and masses of the three particles, and draws one of the particles on the end away from the others.
	www.physical-congress.spb.ru /english/kulba/kulba.asp (4059 words)

	Collisions and Conservation
		Vis viva is a measure of a moving body's power to act on its surroundings.
		Like momentum, vis viva depends on the amount of stuff (mass) a body has.
		Vis viva was not supposed to be created or destroyed no matter what happened.
	eee.uci.edu /clients/bjbecker/RevoltingIdeas/collisions.html (1190 words)

	OEDILF - Word Lookup
		What we now call kinetic energy is just vis viva divided by two.
		Action is the result of multiplying the vis viva of something by the time it takes for it to move from one point to another in its trajectory.
		The action principle states that in dynamical systems, the action summed over an interval is stationary, usually a minimum, with respect to changes in the trajectory of the system.
	www.oedilf.com /db/Lim.php?Word=action (324 words)

	Definition of Vis from dictionary.net
		Principle of vis viva (Mech.), the principle that the difference between the aggregate work of the accelerating forces of a system and that of the retarding forces is equal to one half the vis viva accumulated or lost in the system while the work is being done.
		(Mech.), living force; the force of a body moving against resistance, or doing work, in distinction from vis mortua, or dead force; the kinetic energy of a moving body; the capacity of a moving body to do work by reason of its being in motion.
		Define vis and 150,000 other words at dictionary.net
	www.dictionary.net /vis (239 words)

	Henri Poincare: Science and Hypothesis: Chapter 8: Energy and Thermo-dynamics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		They are kinetic energy, or vis viva, and Potential energy.
		Kinetic energy, or vis viva, is expressed very simply by the aid of the masses, and of the relative velocities of all the material points with reference to one of them.
		These relative velocities may be observed, and when we have the expression of the kinetic energy as a function of these relative velocities, the coefficients of this expression will give us the masses.
	spartan.ac.brocku.ca /~lward/Poincare/Poincare_1905_09.html (4093 words)

	Leibniz, Papin and the Steam Engine
		Since it is limited to the study of "harmless sorts of effects," mechanics considers the total absolute force of bodies acted upon by the ancient machines, as directly proportional to the acquired velocity, or F = mv.
		In his dynamics, Leibniz had used the example of the equivalence of the work required to raise a heavy body a given height, to the vis viva acquired by the body in falling from that height.
		Whereas in the case of the falling body, the vis viva is measured by the body's velocity, Leibniz proposed to measure the vis viva of expanding steam by its temperature.
	members.tripod.com /~american_almanac/papin.htm (8061 words)

	Pendulum
		Huygens, the Compound Pendulum and the Conservation of Vis Viva - Fabio Bevilacqua and Lidia Falomo
		Huygens, the Compound Pendulum and the Conservation of Vis Viva
		Basic assumption in Huygens argument, published in the 1673 edition of the Horologium Oscillatorium, is the acceptance, a century before the official statement of the French Science Academy, of the impossibility of perpetual motion.
	www.arts.unsw.edu.au /pendulum/papers.html (5453 words)

	Undergraduate Research Archive (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		This is demonstrated through the case study of the vis viva controversy.
		The vis viva controversy occurred in Europe during the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries.
		It was a philosophical and scientific debate between Isaac Newton, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz and their followers.
	digital.lib.muohio.edu /theses/detail.html?docid=407A235CC42D0Z (163 words)

	CTheory.net
		Once we recognize our posthuman bodies and minds, once we see ourselves for the simians and cyborgs we are, we then need to explore the vis viva, the creative powers that animate us as they do all of nature and actualize our potentialities.
		Antihumanism, then, conceived as a refusal of any transcendence, should in no way be confused with a negation of the vis viva, the creative life force that animates the revolutionary stream of the modern tradition.
		See Plato, Republic, Book VI, 507-511e where the parallelism between states of mind or knowledge and their corresponding objects is described in the famous simile of the Divided Line.
	www.ctheory.net /printer.aspx?id=313 (3162 words)

	1883-Dialectics of Nature-ch5 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		As we have seen, there are two forms in which mechanical motion, vis viva, disappears.
		This form has the peculiarity that not only can it be re-transformed into mechanical motion - this mechanical motion, moreover, having the same vis viva as the original one - but also that it is capable only of this change of form.
		Transcribed in 1998 for MEIA by Sally Ryan
	www.marxists.org /archive/marx/works/1883/don/ch05.htm (1637 words)

	Glossary
		Venus: In astrological and alchemical thought, the seven heavenly bodies known to the ancients were associated with seven metals also known in antiquity.
		virginium (Vi or Vm): a name proposed for element 87 (francium) in a report of detection of the element whose validity was ultimately not recognized.
		The law of conservation of energy was originally phrased in terms of vis viva [Clausius, Joule, Kelvin, Mayer]
	web.lemoyne.edu /~giunta/archems.html#seven (982 words)

	Myswizard » Conservation of Energy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		He called this quantity the vis viva or living force of the system.
		In 1783, Antoine Lavoisier and Pierre-Simon Laplace reviewed the two competing theories of vis viva and caloric[1].
		It may appear, according to circumstances, as motion, chemical affinity, cohesion, electricity, light and magnetism; and from any one of these forms it can be transformed into any of the others.”
	www.myswizard.com /2006/02/05/conservation-of-energy (1379 words)

	Directory of open access journals
		I show how power extends the law of inertia to include curvilinear motion and I also show that the law of action-reaction can be expressed in terms of the mutual time rate of change of kinetic energies instead of mutual forces.
		I then compare the laws of motion based on power to Newton’s Laws of Motion and I investigate the relation of power to Leibniz’s notion of vis viva.
		I also discuss briefly how the metaphysics of power as the cause of motion can be grounded in a modern version of occasionalism for the purpose of establishing an alternative foundation of mechanics.
	www.doaj.org /abstract?id=119444&toc=y (188 words)

	Idle Theory: Least Action Principles
		It was only necessary to find that quantity, and this he proceeded to do.
		It was the product of the duration (time) of movement within a system by the "vis viva" or twice what we now call the kinetic energy of the system.
		Having found the quantity that tends to a minimum, Maupertuis regarded the principle as all-inclusive: "The laws of movement and of rest deduced from this principle being precisely the same as those observed in nature, we can admire the application of it to all phenomena.
	ourworld.compuserve.com /homepages/cuius/idle/evolution/ref/leastact.html (809 words)

	Racist Celestial Mechanics, Lecture 2: Heliocentric State Vectors to Orbital Elements
		We solve for the semimajor axis of the orbit by putting MKS values for (r) and for (V) into the Vis Viva equation:
		Notice that e is in the interval [0,1) and is therefore the orbit is an ellipse in agreement with the sign of the semimajor axis resulting from the Vis Viva equation.
		Notice that e>1 and is therefore the orbit is a hyperbola in agreement with the sign of the semimajor axis resulting from the Vis Viva equation.
	www.jabpage.org /posts/trans2.html (1283 words)

	Newton and Leibniz
		Even when it is not manifest on a scale large enough to keep a body in observable motion, it is either moving the smaller components of the body on an imperceptible scale, or storing the force for later action.
		Leibniz called this force vis viva, or living force.
		These conflicting views on the problem of impact provided ample fuel for a rather vigorous and long-lived scientific controversy which became known as the vis viva controversy.
	eee.uci.edu /clients/bjbecker/RevIdeas2003/leibniz.html (1826 words)

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