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Topic: Vistula-Oder Offensive

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Eastern Front (WWII) - irc4ever.net Stalin 's suspicions about the intentions of the Western Allies to hand over territory occupied by them in the post war Soviet zone of occupation, the offensive was to be on a broad front and was to move as rapidly as possible to the west, to meet the Western Allies as far west as possible. His many disastrous appointments included that of Heinrich Himmler to command Army Group Vistula in the defence of Berlin in 1945 — Himmler suffered a mental breakdown under the stress of the command and was quickly replaced by Gotthard Heinrici. The Kursk offensive was the last on the scale of 1940 and 1941 the Wehrmacht was able to launch, and subsequent offensives would represent only a shadow of previous German offensive might. www.irc4ever.net /wiki/Eastern_Front_(WWII)

Battle of the Bulge - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia German intelligence had set December 20 as the expected date for the start of the upcoming Soviet offensive, aimed at crushing what was left of German resistance on the Eastern Front and thereby opening the way to Berlin. Call of Duty: United Offensive, but the games focus too much on just Bastogne to be considered a full reenactment. Given the state of German forces at the time there was little chance of a successful offensive against the massive Soviet armies. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Battle_of_the_Bulge

bulge1.html Renewed offensives in January by Montgomery and Patton drove the Germans, harassed by aircraft, back to their starting lines, and on 28th January the Americans pronounced the battle officially over. Indeed, the reaction of Allied higher commanders was the same as that of their German enemies - that the offensive could not possibly succeed. Nevertheless, on first hearing of the attack on 16th December, both Field Marshall Montgomery commanding 21st Army Group to the north and Lieutenant General patton, commanding U.S. 3rd Army to the south of U.S. 1st Army, ordered their staffs to draw up plans in case what appeared to be a spoiling attack was something more. www.geocities.com /Pentagon/Quarters/5433/bulge1.html

Vistula-Oder Offensive - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The Vistula-Oder Offensive was a Red Army operation on the The eastern front at the time of the Vistula-Oder Offensive. World War II, that carried the Soviet troops from the Vistula river in Poland to the Oder river deep in Germany, about sixty kilometers from the capital en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Vistula-Oder_offensive

BBC - History - Killing Hitler On 12 January 1945 the Soviets launched a great offensive in central Poland, which carried them from the Vistula to the Oder - dangerously close to Berlin, in other words - in less than three weeks. In our alternative world, it is difficult to see how the Vistula - Oder offensive, however vigorously resisted, could have been stopped. Moreover, without Hitler there would have been no Ardennes offensive, and consequently no squandering of precious resources. www.bbc.co.uk /history/war/wwtwo/killing_hitler_04.shtml

Eastern Front III This is fully in line with the offensive military doctrine of the Soviets that called for "Deep Operations" into enemy territory (a fact confirmed by many Soviet Officers and historians, but neglected and disputed by Colonel Glantz and historian Gorodetsky, both of whom are using pro-Soviet arguments throughout their books. The culmination of the offensive was the large armored engage at Prochorowka (Prokorovka) on 12 and 13 July, 1943-the largest action of its type in the history of warfare. He then follows up with act two: A day-by-day account of the successful, but operationally relatively inconsequential, Gran Offensive of the I. SS-Panzer-Korps and Panzer-Korps "Feldhernnhalle." This is followed by the ill-fated Lake Balaton offensive, where the 6. www.aberdeenbookstore.com /eastern_front_iii.htm

Soviet Offensive Ground Doctrine Since 1845 The offensive model was that of 1944-45, although infantry forces were gradually motorized and mechanized and the last cavalry formations faded from the scene. The best examples of such an offensive in World War II were the Soviet Stalingrad offensive (November 1942), the Right Bank of the Dnieper offensive (Spring 1944), and the Manchurian campaign (August 1945). Above all, the Soviets, from their study on the theme of the beginning period of war, have concluded that surprise is absolutely essential; strategically regarding timing and operationally and tactically regarding the form and nature of the offensive. www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil /airchronicles/aureview/1983/mar-apr/glantz.htm

Articles - Siege of Leningrad The siege continued until Operation "Spark" — a full-scale offensive of troops of the Leningrad and Volkhov Fronts — started in the morning of January 12, 1943. In January 1944, a Soviet offensive drove off the besieging Germans from the southern outskirts of the city, ending the siege. The carnage in the city from shelling and starvation (especially in the first winter) was appalling but Adolf Hitler was never able to hold his proposed victory party in the city, nor carry out his planned destruction of this jewel of European civilisation. www.kamero.net /articles/Siege_of_Leningrad

The Voice of Russia [THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR: YEAR AFTER YEAR] Within the 23 days of the offensive the 500-km-deep defenses between the Vistula and the Oder were crushed. By the end of February the Soviet troops got to the upper reaches of the Vistula and became engaged in the fighting at the approaches to the Moravska-Ostrava industrial area and on the western slopes of the Slovakian mining area on the River Gron. For their heroism and quick action the brigade's entire personnel received government decorations, eleven soldiers and officers were given the title of the Hero of the Soviet Union, and the Brigade's Commander Colonel I. Gusakovsky received his second "Gold Star" medal. www.vor.ru /55/55_h/55_1945_eng.html

Situation No Engineer units were sent to build pontoon bridges across the Vistula and the Oder; by the end of 21/4, four Visula bridges had been built. Along the transit routes crossing the Vistula, 7 out of the 11 existing bridges were totally or partially destroyed; for the Oder, the figures were 5 out of 9. After fresh forces arrived, the Maritime and Central Army Groups early on 21/4 went into offensive, as a result of which a breakthrough of 40 km into the depth of the FRG was achieved in the direction of Schwerin and Hamburg. www2.gwu.edu /~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB14/doc18a.htm

Âîåííàÿ ëèòåðàòóðà : Èññëåäîâàíèÿ : Suvorov V. Spetsnaz. The Story Behind the Soviet SAS The use of spetsnaz in the Manchurian offensive of 1945 is of special interest, because it provides the best illustration of what was supposed to happen to Germany if she had not attacked the USSR. Everything connected with defence was destroyed, while everything connected with offensive actions was expanded at a great rate, particularly Soviet sabotage troops and the airborne troops connected with them. The reshaping of the whole philosophy of the Red Army, which had been taught to conduct an offensive war on other people's territory, was very painful but relatively short. militera.lib.ru /research/suvorov6/03.html

CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Poland The rivers that empty into the Baltic are the Oder, Vistula, Niemen, and the western Düna; those that empty into the Black Sea are the Dniester, Boh (Bug), and Dnieper. The Prussians, who had settled east of the Vistula, were active in these raids. To put an end to this state of things a knightly order established by Germans in Palestine was summoned by Conrad for the conquest and Christianization of Prussia. www.newadvent.org /cathen/12181a.htm

Soviet Operational Deception: the Red Cloak From the statements of "control prisoners" we found out the amount of information the enemy had concerning preparations for the offensive; but the grouping of our forces, the direction of the main blow and the time of the attack were not known to the enemy. Prior to the major offensive the area east of Lvov during the summer of 1944, the sector where the main attack thrust was expected, was mined with 160,000 antipersonnel and 200,000 antitank mines within the zone defense. At the same time that operational deception was being conducted in the 18th Army rear area, an offensive with a limited objective was undertaken on 13 July that coincided with the attack in the Rava Russkaya sector. www-cgsc.army.mil /carl/resources/csi/Armstrong/ARMSTRONG.asp

Soviet Tactical Aviation in the Postwar Period Developed in theory before the war and put into practice during the second period of the Great Patriotic War, this "air offensive" reached full maturity in the third and final period of the war when it was employed with great effect during the Belorussian, Jassy-Kishinev, Vistula-Oder, East Prussian, Berlin, and Manchurian operations. In the initial phase of a future war, frontal aviation was expected to win the battle for command of the air over the most decisive offensive axes and to set the stage for a breakthrough and exploitation on the ground, which would end with the encirclement and destruction of the opposing forces. Others, most notably the late Richard Simpkin, have seen these developments as a "search for simultaneity throughout the depth of the defense" in which the Soviets are banking heavily upon air mobile, mechanized forces to support their mobile groups in high speed, offensive operations. www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil /airchronicles/apj/apj88/kipp.html

In Pursuit of Military Excellence One good example is the German advance through Byelorussia in 1941 and the Soviet offensive in the opposite direction in 1944. Both were conducted during the same period of the war, in the same terrain, with roughly the same magnitude of force sizes and both seem to have enjoyed benefits of surprise. It would have been easy to make a comparative study. www.militaryhistory.nu /critiques/HTML/naveh.html

Europe's 13th-Century Progress by Sanderson Beck In 1226 Milan, Bologna, Brescia, Mantua, Bergamo, Turin, Vicenza, Padua, and Treviso formed a second Lombard League with an offensive and defensive alliance for 25 years, and it was joined by the communes of Piacenza, Verona, Faenza, Vercelli, Lodi, and Alessandria. Beginning from the Polish fort of Chelmno in 1230, they secured the Vistula River the next year. He had been putting off his pledge to go on crusade for years; but in 1225 Friedrich committed himself to doing so within two years, and he married Isabella, daughter of Jerusalem king John of Brienne. www.san.beck.org /AB21-Europe13thCentury.html

Antony Beevor This offensive took a little over a month to prepare and was then held in abeyance waiting for weather conditions which would favor the employment of the Soviet artillery and air forces’. Sie denken nicht an das, was sein wird oder sein könnte, sie sehen nur den Feind vor sich.’ They think only that they must ‘ihr Leben um den höchsten Preis zu verkaufen.’ Propaganda clichés and yet for many of that indoctrinated generation of German youth, these emotions were real. General Vassili Chuikov, the tough commander of an army which he had led right through the battle of Stalingrad and from there to the Vistula, was using every threat at his disposal to force his men forward to capture the Pilica crossings. www.antonybeevor.com /Berlin/berlincutsone.htm

Archive of the site news-2004 Offensive of the 44th Guards Rifle Division/105th Rifle Corps/65th Army from Narev bridgehead. Evolution of the offensive of the 1st Gds Army along the Hungarian plain and reaching Ondava river line. The opponents assets at the commencement of the German offensive in Crimea. rkkaww2.armchairgeneral.com /arc/arc2004.htm

Panzer General 2: user campaigns and links - Jorge Gabitto's Army Group Center Campaign note You have to adapt from an offensive strategy at the beginning to an increasingly difficult defensive task. The campaign is very tough, especially at the end and is a good way to find out how good you are. Two city combat scenarios have also been included. www.teleweb.net /stevebrown/notes/PG2-JGAGC-NOTE.htm

Definition of Vistula-Oder Offensive The list of authors can be found here. www.wordiq.com /definition/Vistula-Oder_Offensive

Battle of Kursk They planned to meet near Kursk, but if the offensive went well they would have permission to continue forward on their own initiative, with a general plan to create a new line on the Don River far to the east. The German delay in launching their offensive gave the Soviets four months in which to prepare, and with every passing day they turned the salient into one of the most heavily defended points on earth. The Red Army had also begun planning for their own upcoming summer offensives, and had settled on a plan that mirrored that of the Germans. www.infoslurp.com /information/Battle_of_Kursk

Battle_of_Stalingrad On November 20, a second Soviet offensive was launched to the south of Stalingrad, against points held by the Romanian 4th Army. This summer offensive was code-named Fall Blau ("Case Blue"). In January the Soviets launched a second offensive, Operation Saturn, attempting to punch through the Italian army on the Don and take www.comicscomics.com /search.php?title=Battle_of_Stalingrad

12 January 1945 The Red Army today unleashed its major winter offensive, hurling 163 divisions at the German positions in Poland and East Prussia, and is sweeping forward with massed tanks under a massive artillery bombardment and clouds of warplanes against 30 German divisions. The Russian commanders have their eyes on the industrial cities of Upper Silesia, but if they can cross the Vistula the German border will be less than 60 miles away. Hitler refused to believe intelligence reports of a massive Russian build-up, and rejected calls from General Guderian, now chief of the general staff, to transfer troops from the Ardennes offensive or call off attacks near Budapest. homepage.ntlworld.com /andrew.etherington/1945/01/12.htm

ForValor.com - Colonel Malakhov The Division pushed forward, taking part in the Vistula Oder Operation, the sacking of the city of Koeningsburg, and at the end of the War in May 1945, were in Eastern Prussia. "During the Division’s offensive operations from 6 October 1944 through 26 October 1944, Comrade Malakhov carried out a major political work among the Divisional personnel, which significantly assisted in the fulfillment of our military mission. "In the breakthrough of the heavily fortified enemy defensive line from 6 through 12 October 1944 near the village of Kolchun, Rossiniskii District, Litovskaya SSR, his well-organized political work uplifted the morale of the soldiers and officers, and assisted in the offensive fighting. www.forvalor.com /s47.htm

Axis History Forum :: View topic - Let's Build The Battle of Targul Frumos In April of 1944, they participated in the offensive against Romania at the battles of Iasi (or Iassy) in April, and Targul Frumos in May. After this they were transferred north to become the breakthrough division for the Vistula - Oder Operation in January of 1945. The success of Soviet strategic offensives in 1944 and 1945 makes it more difficult to assess whether military operations at the end of the offensive were simply attempts to exploit success or were designed to posture forces more advantageously for subsequent offensive action (or to deceive the enemy regarding future offensive intentions). Historians are thus left with the question of whether the Soviet offensive was a major effort to penetrate into Rumania or simply a local assault to improve the Soviet operational posture and opportunities for a renewed offensive in the future. forum.axishistory.com /viewtopic.php?t=10353

The 20th century, year after year As part of the Vistula-Oder operation, the Russian troops crossed the German border and kept moving westward until they came within barely 60 kilometers of Berlin. In January the Red Army launched a major offensive which came earlier than originally planned and was meant to ease the plight of the Western Allies still hurting from the thrashing they had suffered in the massive German counterstroke in the Ardennes. In February the Western Allies launched a general offensive and in March they crossed the Rhine. www.vor.ru /century/1945.html

The Sindicate: Anyone recognise this place? The Ardennes offensive comes in at No. 60 well behind Okinawa....due partly to the high civilian death tally during the battle or Okinawa. Only once during the Ardennes offensive did the wehrmacht tranfer so many divisions away from the Russian front. Crimean Offensive (April-May 1944): 84, 819 casualties; 171 tanks, 521 artillery pieces, and 179 planes www.the-sindicate.com /discus/messages/52187/129272.html?1116846408

catalogue.doc This failed offensive, which was designed to split the German Eastern Front, failed and has since been covered up by Soviet historians. Includes unprecedented details about Soviet offensive operations at Siniavino (Third, Fourth, Fifth, and Sixth), Operation “Spark,” Zhukov’s Operation “Polar Star,” Krasnyi Bor, the Leningrad-Novgorod offensive, the battles for Narva and the German Panther Line, and the Vyborg offensive against Finnish forces. Atlas and Survey, Prelude to Kursk: The Soviet Central Front Offensive, February-March 1943 (46 pages of text and 34 maps, 20 in 11 x 17 inch format), consisting of daily situation maps derived from formerly classified Soviet archival materials and German archival maps. www.bibliotheca.org.uk /books/dmglantz/catalogue.doc

Collect Russia "Polyot" wristwatch in 14 K gold, special issue to Heroes of the Soviet Union. Soviet Russian Guards Colonel Vladimir Komarov commanded 13th Guards Rifle Division during the Vistula-Oder offensive. His division jumped off the Sandomir bridgehead, swiftly covered the distance between the Vistula and Oder, and captured a bridgehead on the west bank of Oder near Linden (Lipki). The title of Hero of the Soviet Union was bestowed upon him on 25 May 1945. collectrussia.com /DISPITEM.HTM?ITEM=7640

450223a.html Within forty days of the offensive in January-February, 1945, our troops ejected the Germans from 300 towns, captured about 100 war plants manufacturing tanks, aircraft, armaments and ammunition, occupied over 2,400 railway stations, and seized a network of railways totaling over 15,000 kilometers in length. Our winter offensive has shown that the Red Army finds more and more strength for the solution of ever more complex and difficult problems. Its glorious soldiers have learned to batter and annihilate the enemy in accordance with all rules of modern military science. www.ibiblio.org /pha/policy/1945/450223a.html

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