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| | Europe's 13th-Century Progress by Sanderson Beck |
 | | In 1226 Milan, Bologna, Brescia, Mantua, Bergamo, Turin, Vicenza, Padua, and Treviso formed a second Lombard League with an offensive and defensive alliance for 25 years, and it was joined by the communes of Piacenza, Verona, Faenza, Vercelli, Lodi, and Alessandria. |
 | | Beginning from the Polish fort of Chelmno in 1230, they secured the Vistula River the next year. |
 | | He had been putting off his pledge to go on crusade for years; but in 1225 Friedrich committed himself to doing so within two years, and he married Isabella, daughter of Jerusalem king John of Brienne. |
| www.san.beck.org /AB21-Europe13thCentury.html |
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