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	Binary star - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Visual binary stars, unless they are relatively close to Earth, have a large true separation, and consequently their orbital speeds are usually too small to be measured spectroscopically.
		Binary stars may be found with any conceivable separation, from pairs orbiting so closely that they are practically in contact with each other, to pairs so distantly separated that their connection is indicated only by their common proper motion through space.
		In the case of a visual binary star, after the orbit has been determined and the stellar parallax of the system obtained, the combined mass of the two stars may be obtained by a direct application of the Keplerian harmonic law.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Binary_star (1186 words)

	Visual binary - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A visual binary star is a binary star for which the angular separation between the two components is great enough to permit them to be observed as a double star in a telescope.
		The resolving power of the telescope is an important factor in the detection of visual binaries, and as telescopes become larger and more powerful an increasing number of visual binaries will be detected.
		The brighter star of a visual binary is considered the "primary" star, and the dimmer is considered the "secondary." The position angle of the secondary with respect to the primary is measured, together with the angular distance between the two stars.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Visual_binary (276 words)

	SCYON: Paper abstracts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		We have searched for visual binaries with projected separations in the range 200-3000 AU (0.1"-1.5") among a sample of 96 stars in the massive young NGC 6611 cluster, 60 of them being subsequently identified as high probability cluster members of mainly OB spectral type.
		We derive mass ratios for the detected binaries from their near-infrared flux ratios and conclude that about half of the detected binaries have < 0.2, which does not contradict the assumption that companion masses are randomly drawn from the initial mass function.
		The high frequency of massive binaries in a cluster as rich as NGC 6611 and the lack of a strong mass dependence of their properties are difficult to reconcile with the scenario whereby massive stars form as the result of mergers of smaller stars.
	obswww.unige.ch /webda/scyon/Duchene.html (264 words)

	Binary Stars
		Visual Binaries are stars that are clearly gravitational associated with one another.
		In order to see a visual binary, the stars must be separated by fairly wide distances, and the orbital periods are usually very long.
		In 1804 Herschel had so many measurements of visual binaries that he concluded that a pair of stars known as Castor were orbiting one another.
	astronomical.org /astbook/binary.html (1401 words)

	Different Types of Binaries
		The three main types of binaries (visual, spectroscopic, and eclipsing) are classified by the method with which they are detected.
		Any binary stars that are both large enough or obvious enough to be observed through a telescope are visual binaries.
		Single-lined spectroscopic binaries is a term that refers to a system where only the main component is bright enough to show up on the spectrum, and double-lined refers to systems where both components show on the spectrum.
	alumni.imsa.edu /~anneka/binaries/types.html (1513 words)

	O Star Atlas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Binaries are common among O stars in clusters and associations (>59% have a visual or spectroscopic companion) but less so among field and especially runaway stars.
		Binaries are the fundamental source of information on the masses of stars, and, in particular, eclipsing binaries are the primary source of mass estimates for direct comparison of stellar properties with models for stellar evolution.
		Visual binary and multiple stars are clearly much more common among association and cluster stars than among field stars (and are totally absent among the runaways; indeed the runaway stars may serve admirably for observations requiring single star calibration sources).
	ad.usno.navy.mil /wds/dsl/Ostars/ostars.html (7358 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In a binary system, both member stars move around the centre of mass, but it is often easier to visualise the orbit if it is drawn to show the motion of one star with respect to the other, which is plotted as though always at rest.
		In studying visual binaries, there is one messy complication: we may not be looking at the orbit directly `from above.' Imagine, for instance, two stars going around their centre of mass in perfectly circular orbits, so that the distance between them never changes.
		The simplest answer is that this is a binary, with one cool star and one hot star, and that the light of both is intermixed because the system is too far away to allow you to resolve the separate points of light.
	www.astro.queensu.ca /~hanes/p014/Notes/Topic_054.html (2008 words)

	binary star concept from the Astronomy knowledge base (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Visual binaries are those whose components can be resolved telescopically (i.e., angular separation > 0'.5) and which have detectable orbital motion.
		Astrometric binaries are those whose dual nature can be deduced from their variable proper motion; spectroscopic binaries, those whose dual nature can be deduced from their variable radial velocity.
		Spectroscopic binaries are typically of spectral type B, with almost circular orbits (whereas long-period M-type binaries have highly eccentric orbits).
	www.site.uottawa.ca:4321 /astronomy/binarystar.html (853 words)

	Visual Binaries
		Some binary systems are sufficiently close to Earth and the stars are well enough separated that we can see the two stars individually in a telescope and track their motion over a period of time.
		The adjacent image shows one example, the star Castor, which is actually a visual binary as observed through a telescope (it was the first binary discovered, by Herschell in 1790).
		An example is shown in the image to the left of the Sirius binary star system, which consists of a more normal main sequence star (Sirius A) and a white dwarf companion (Sirius B).
	csep10.phys.utk.edu /astr162/lect/binaries/visual.html (462 words)

	Star Groups (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Some binaries are too close to see visually but can be discovered by red shifts in their spectra.
		It is believed that all novae are binary stars, and that one star is expanding through its Roche lobe, transferring hydrogen onto a white dwarf.
		One weird binary is the star which is the goat that Auriga (the Charioteer) is holding (epsilon Aurigae).
	www.johnpratt.com /items/astronomy/notes/notes13.html (1234 words)

	Binary Stars
		Binary star systems are classified according to the manner in which they are observed: (1) Visual binary systems show two stars when observed in a telescope.
		(3) Spectroscopic binary systems again appear as a single star when viewed through a telescope, but inspection of their spectrum lines shows that the lines periodically shift back and forth (due to the Doppler effect) as the stars move in their orbits about the system's center of mass.
		Visual binaries in which the two stars are widely separated (i.e., have large orbits) ought to be easier to spot than systems where the stars are close.
	www.courses.psu.edu /astro/astro010_pjm25/binary10.html (849 words)

	obsvis
		A simple but important observation that can be made of binary stars is to follow the relative orbit of the stars around their common center-of-mass.
		In a binary system the brighter star is call the "primary' and the fainter stars the "secondary".
		Because visual binary stars have orbital periods which may be tens, hundreds or even thousands of years it may take several lifetimes to observe a complete orbital cycle.
	scied.gsu.edu /Students/Wilson/obsvis.htm (533 words)

	Lecture: Binary Stars
		First there are the visual binaries so called because we can actually see two separate stars when we look through the telescope.
		For a binary to be a visual binary they must both be bright enough and there must be sufficient separation between the two stars so that they each can be resolved separately in the telescopic image.
		spectroscopic binaries where the motion of the stars cannot be seen directly but is inferred from the time variable doppler shifts in the absorption lines.
	www.astro.virginia.edu /~jh8h/astr124/binary.html (1915 words)

	NSW HSC ONLINE - Physics
		Most binary stars are so far away from earth and so close together that the human eye cannot resolve them as separate light sources.
		Close binary systems are often unresolvable in any telescope but their consequent rapid orbital motion means that, unless the orbital plane is perpendicular to our line of sight, the stars making up the system are alternatively approaching and receding from us.
		An imaginary binary star system has a parallax of 0.8” and the two stars have a separation of 0.01” and a period of rotation of 100 years.
	hsc.csu.edu.au /physics/options/astrophysics/2978/PHYS975net.html (1634 words)

	tau Persei
		A is a long- period spectroscopic binary, resolved by speckle interferometry.
		Single-lined spectroscopic binary; the elements P, T, e, and the longitude of periastron are from the orbit by Colacevich (1941).
		These are binary systems with orbital planes so close to the observer's line of sight (the inclination i of the orbital plane to the plane orthogonal to the line of sight is close to 90 deg) that the components periodically eclipse each other.
	www.alcyone.de /SIT/bsc/HR0854.html (553 words)

	Information Circulars
		In 1965 Charles arranged for the database of double star data, the Index Catalogue of Visual Double Stars (IDS), to be transferred from the Lick Observatory to the USNO.
		First observations of about 100 binaries using the classical speckle technique were performed, and the diffraction limited resolution of 0.08 arcsec at 600 nm was achieved under moderate seeing conditions for all observed pairs.
		53) TOKOVININ A. A.: " The visual orbit of HD 98800".
	www.chara.gsu.edu /CHARA/DoubleStars/Comm26/circulars.html (5306 words)

	Single Line Binaries - The best line products, sites and information on the web today! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Single-line spectroscopic binaries are special cases of binary stars in which...
		In some spectroscopic binaries the spectra of both stars are visible and the lines are alternately double and single.
		SB=1: single-line spectroscopic binary SB=2: double-line spectroscopic binary...
	line.hugedir.com /index.php?k=single-line-binaries (1031 words)

	Observatori Astronòmic del Garraf (OAG) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Its objective is to track those binary systems which their orbits have been already calculated, in order to allow later revisions of the accepted orbital elements.
		Since 1985, we have been regularly keeping the tracking of about 130 visual binaries.
		The use of more powerful telescopes starting on 1998 will help us to increase the number of visual binaries we can resolve up to 250-300.
	www.oagarraf.org /eng/binariesvisuals.php (108 words)

	Astronomy 10 Syllabus - Spring 1999
		A binary system is one in which 2 stars are in orbit about each other (bound gravitationally).
		The first kind is "visual binaries", in which both stars are imaged (either just in a telescope, or perhaps in an interferometer).
		This means that we cannot convert velocities to a mass unless we know the orbital tilt (visual binary).
	astron.berkeley.edu /~basri/a10-2000/lectures/lec14.html (857 words)

	Binary Stars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Binary star breaks speed record (March 2002) - News - PhysicsWeb...
		Main-Sequence Binary Stars in the Core of NGC 6397...
		binary star concept from the Astronomy knowledge base...
	www.scienceoxygen.com /astronomy/52.html (166 words)

	Spectroscopic binaries (from star) -- Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		At least one member of such a binary has a continuously changing periodic velocity that alters the wavelengths of its spectral lines in a rhythmic way; the velocity curve repeats itself exactly from one cycle to the next, and the motion can be interpreted as orbital motion.
		More results on "Spectroscopic binaries (from star)" when you join.
		In addition, he discovered many spectroscopic binary stars, and in 1924 he published a catalog listing more than 1,000 of them.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-52828?tocId=52828 (906 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		These are visual binaries, the orbits of which can take decades or centuries to complete.
		some binary stars are so close together that they appear as a single dot of light, but they may vary in brightness because one member periodically passes in front of the other (thereby blocking off some of the light).
		One consequence of the wide separation of known visual binaries is shown by the dates in the figure on page 530.
	www.astro.queensu.ca /~hanes/p016/Notes/10._The_Importance_of_Binary_Stars.html (2404 words)

	[No title]
		This sample consists of mainly new Hipparcos eclipsing binaries with a visual companion closer than one arcsecond, chosen with the aim to study the dynamical implications of a third component on the observational parameters of the eclipsing system.
		In addition, we also included a selection of close visual binaries with few speckle data in order to analyse possible systematic departures between the speckle and the non-speckle orbits.
		For the wide visual binaries the confrontation is made directly with the Hipparcos data.
	archive.astro.umd.edu /archive/journals/A+A/367/865 (259 words)

	Visual binary -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Visual binary -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article
		The (The ability of a microscope or telescope to measure the angular separation of images that are close together) resolving power of the telescope is an important factor in the detection of visual binaries, and as telescopes become larger and more powerful an increasing number of visual binaries will be detected.
		This ellipse is known as the "apparent ellipse," and is the projection of the actual elliptical (The (usually elliptical) path described by one celestial body in its revolution about another) orbit of the secondary with reference to the primary on a plane perpendicular to the line of sight of the observer.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/v/vi/visual_binary.htm (177 words)

	An Adaptive Optics Search for Visual Binaries in M\,34 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		We have used the PUEO adaptive optics camera on the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT) to carry out a search for visual binaries among the late-type members of the M 34 cluster.
		The observed separations range from 0.9" to 6.4", corresponding to 40-3000 AU (the latter being a safe upper limit for bound solar-type binaries).
		If the observed binary candidates are true companions, the masses we infer for the secondaries range from 0.09 M
	www.ifa.hawaii.edu /publications/preprints/01preprints/Simon_01-35.html (168 words)

	Catalogue: J/other/PNAOJ/2.561/table1
		(Miura+ 1992) ================================================================================ Speckle observations of visual and spectroscopic binaries.
		We obtained fringes in power spectra of i 19 visual and 11 spectroscopic binaries (6 newly resolved ones) with angular separation larger than 0.06".
		This file × table1 116 30 Observational data of the visual binaries × table2 126 245 Observational data of the spectroscopic binaries
	vizier.u-strasbg.fr /cgi-bin/Cat?J/other/PNAOJ/2.561/table1 (548 words)

	Eclipsing Binary Stars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Nightfall can produce animated views of eclipsing binary stars, calculate synthetic lightcurves and radial velocity curves, and eventually determine the best-fit model for a given set of observational data of an eclipsing binary star system.
		The majority of these stars are found in binary systems which are systems of two stars in orbit around a common center of mass.
		Other binaries are too close and far away to be seen separately but can distinguished using the doppler shift of their spectra.
	members.cox.net /astro7/binstar.html (693 words)

	ASTRO 4 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		For visual binaries, one can use _______ with known separation and ________ of the binaries to infer the mass of the stars
		In the H-R diagram, the main sequence stars are located in a band from the upper left corner to the lower right corner.
		The lower limit of the mass of a binary M(low) is easily obtained.
	www.astro.ucla.edu /~scott/disc5.htm (441 words)

	BirthDay 1.01
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		BirthDay is an application for Windows that allows to the users to visualize dates of birthdays that approach.
	www.fxstyle.com /email-information/desc/indexN8836.html (2213 words)

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