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Topic: Visual fields

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	Visual Fields
		In common terms, the visual field is the area of peripheral or side vision, although the object that is being fixated is also within the visual field.
		However, the "true" visual field is actually a 3 dimensional space, conceptualized as a half-sphere with an equal radius from eye to any point on the surface of the sphere.
		The fibers from the nasal half of the retina (temporal field of that eye) cross to the opposite hemisphere, while fibers from the temporal half of the retina (nasal field of that eye) project to the hemisphere on the side of the eye.
	www.e-advisor.us /visual_fields.htm (801 words)

	The Pituitary Foundation \| Newsletter \| Visual fields (11) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Visual field is the area of vision that you perceive "out of the corner of your eye" while you are looking at an object, rather than how well you can see something when you are looking directly at it.
		Visual fields of a patient before (October 1987) and after (October 1988) a transsphenoidal hypophysectomy for a pituitary tumour pushing on the optic chiasm.
		The Royal College of Ophthalmologists advice to the DVLA is that peripheral visual fields with both eyes open should cover an angle of 120° from left to right and that there should be no blind spots within an angle of 20° from the centre of vision.
	www.pituitary.org.uk /newsletter/treatment/11-medmatters.htm (988 words)

	2.00-Special Senses and Speech-Adult
		Visual disorders are abnormalities of the eye, the optic nerve, the optic tracts, or the brain that may cause a loss of visual acuity or visual fields.
		We calculate the percent of visual efficiency by multiplying the visual acuity efficiency by the visual field efficiency and converting the decimal to a percentage.
		The percent of visual field efficiency of this field is: (2 x 30) + (6 x 20) = 180 ÷ 500 = 0.36 or 36 percent visual field efficiency.
	www.ssa.gov /disability/professionals/bluebook/2.00-SpecialSensesandSpeech-Adult.htm (3221 words)

	Physician's Guide to Assessing and Counseling Older Drivers-Chapter 9-Section 1: Vision
		Visual acuity may be measured with both eyes open or with best eye open, as the patient prefers.
		For best-corrected far visual acuity less than 20/70, the physician should recommend an on-road assessment performed by a driver rehabilitation specialist (where it is permitted and available) to evaluate the patient’s performance in the actual driving task.
		For binocular visual field at or near the state minimum requirement or of questionable adequacy (as deemed by clinical judgement), a driver evaluation (including on-road assessment) performed by a driver rehabilitation specialist is strongly recommended.
	www.nhtsa.dot.gov /People/injury/olddrive/OlderDriversBook/pages/Ch9-Section1.html (1450 words)

	Visual Fields via the Visual Pathway - Book Information
		This textbook is a dynamic exploration of the relationship between the visual pathway and visual field impairments.
		Aimed at the practitioner or student of visual fields, the clinical focus of the book is oriented towards differential diagnosis and will assist the reader in identifying the site of a lesion.
		The emphasis is on detection and interpretation of visual field defects, rather than the background and psychophysics of visual field assessment.
	www.blackwellpublishing.com /book.asp?ref=1405115254&site=1 (161 words)

	Glaucoma Service & Foundation: Visual Fields Chat Highlights
		The visual field is measured by shining little dots of light (stimuli) on a screen or bowl and asking patients if they see them.
		Visual field tests are not reliable in the presence of very dense cataract.
		Visual field testing is not very useful for the diagnosis of glaucoma.
	www.wills-glaucoma.org /supportgroup/20021023.php (2078 words)

	M-47B - Visual Fields (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Visual field testing is a process to determine defects in the field of vision and tests the function of the retina, optic nerve and optic pathways.
		Please note that the stabilization or progression of glaucoma can be monitored only by a visual field examination, and the frequency of such examinations is dependent on the variability of intraocular pressure measurements (i.e., progressive increases despite treatment indicate a worsening condition), the appearance of new hemorrhages, and progressive cupping of the optic nerve.
		Claims for visual field testing submitted at a frequency greater than is necessary for the reasonable medical management of the disease may be denied.
	www.hgsa.com /professionals/lcd/m47b.html (1175 words)

	Visual Field Tester: Visual Prcessing
		The neurons of the cerebral cortex pass their separate analyses of the image on to other parts of the brain in the parietal and temporal lobes, where they are assembled and integrated with memory and emotion into a meaningful scene.
		This is called a "left field cut." He or she does not see the word "liabilities" shown here, but the word "abilities." The "li," which is "seen" only by the right hemisphere, simply disappears.
		Each side of the visual field is subdivided into an upper, middle, and lower "quadrant", as shown on the left.
	www.glyphic.com /free/fieldtester/VisualFieldTester1.html (654 words)

	FAQs - Visual Function Service - Clinical Services - Children's Hospital Boston
		These include measurements of visual acuity (sharpness of central vision), visual fields (peripheral vision) and other measures such as the ability to distinguish contrast between objects (contrast sensitivity), binocular vision (for depth perception) and color vision.
		The visual field is the total area in which objects can be seen in peripheral vision while the eye is focused on a central point.
		To see for yourself what it may be like to have a visual field defect, visit our visual field simulations developed for e-advisor, a resource for families and teachers of visual impaired children.
	www.childrenshospital.org /clinicalservices/Site1767/mainpageS1767P5.html (1204 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Visual fields in patients who have undergone vitrectomy for complications of diabetic ...
		ETDRS acuity and Humphrey binocular Esterman visual field testing were performed and compared to the minimum standards for safe driving as defined by the Royal College of Ophthalmologists in 1999.
		The Goldman visual fields were cut out and weighed on electronic scales accurate to 0.0001 g in order to produce a quantitative representation of the overall field area.
		These Esterman fields were examined using the 1999 Royal College of Ophthalmologists definition for the minimum field for safe driving for group 1 ordinary drivers which states that 'the minimum visual field for safe driving is a field of vision of at least 120° on the horizontal meridian.
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2415/6/5 (2164 words)

	Glaucoma Service Foundation: Visual Fields Chat Highlights
		It is my understanding that on the visual field test for glaucoma, visual field loss from other things such a cataracts and macular degeneration is factored out.
		I had a visual field test last April, and the print-out showed vision loss corresponding to a blind spot that had developed in one eye.
		My visual field tests are normal, but there are signs of damage to the optic nerve.
	www.wills-glaucoma.org /supportgroup/20030219.php (1969 words)

	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Visual field
		The visual field is the total area in which objects can be seen in the peripheral vision while the eye is focused on a central point.
		Confrontation visual field exam: A quick and basic evaluation of the visual field done by an examiner sitting directly in front of you.
		Other diseases that may affect the visual field of the eye include diabetes, hyperthyroidism (a condition where the thyroid produces an excess of hormones), hypertension, diseases of the pituitary gland, and multiple sclerosis.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/003879.htm (618 words)

	IU Opt Clinics: Patient Educ: Diagnosing glaucoma: visual fields
		Visual field testing is important in the diagnosis and management of glaucoma.
		It is used to confirm that glaucoma has affected the visual field, to evaluate the severity, and to monitor for progression.
		Visual field tests are usually performed once or twice a year after glaucoma is diagnosed to check the field of vision for any changes.
	www.opt.indiana.edu /clinics/pt_educ/glaucoma/vf.htm (824 words)

	BioMed Central \| Abstract \| Development and validation of a computerized expert system for evaluation of automated ...
		Visual fields were measured before treatment using the Humphrey Field Analyzer with the 24-2 program, foveal threshold, and size III stimulus.
		The computerized classification system was used to categorize visual field defects for an additional 95 NAION visual fields, and the expert panel was asked to independently classify the new fields and subsequently whether they agreed with the computer classification.
		After applying the adjustment factor, the visual fields of the same patients with no initial central defect and 5/7 of the patients with a paracentral defect were seen to worsen.
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2415/6/34/abstract (602 words)

	Receptive Field Tutorial
		Levine and Shefner (1991) define a receptive field as an "area in which stimulation leads to response of a particular sensory neuron" (p.
		If this cell is in the visual system it could be located in the retina or lateral geniculate nucleus or even the visual cortex.
		In this case the microelectrode is located in a cell in the visual cortex.
	psych.hanover.edu /Krantz/receptive (569 words)

	Basic visual pathway
		Visual images are inverted as they pass through the lens.
		Therefore the left half of the brain is only interested in visual input from the right side of the world.
		Notice that there are lines and numbers drawn on the visual field diagram.
	thalamus.wustl.edu /course/basvis.html (1099 words)

	NLG NHS Trust \| Orthoptics \| Visual Fields Clinic (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The visual field test is an assessment of your central and peripheral vision, which can be affected by various disorders, the main one being Glaucoma.
		It is a vital test for the Ophthalmologists as the results help the doctors to plan and monitor the progress of certain treatments.
		Patients that attend the eye clinic will have the visual field test performed at the request of the doctors.
	www.nlg.nhs.uk /Orthoptics/visual.htm (136 words)

	Use of a portable head mounted perimetry system to assess bedside visual fields -- Hollander et al. 84 (10): 1185 -- ...
		The Kasha visual field system is a portable automated perimeter which utilises a virtual reality headset.
		Visual field testing is an important adjunct to the ophthalmological and neurological consultative examination.
		Visual field profile of optic neuritis: one year follow-up in the optic neuritis treatment trial.
	bjo.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/84/10/1185 (3121 words)

	Amazon.co.uk: Atlas of Visual Fields: Books: Donald L. Budenz
		Each field is accompanied by a brief clinical history, interpretation, and explanation.
		By looking at the fields and reading the text, the reader will evolve a systematic approach to analyzing automated fields and will develop pattern recognition for most fields encountered in clinical practice.
		Coverage encompasses all ocular diseases diagnosable by automated visual field tests--opacification of the ocular media; chorioretinal disease; glaucomatous visual field loss; non-glaucomatous optic nerve disorders; chiasmal visual field loss; retrochiasmal visual field loss; non-physiologic visual field loss; and blepharoptosis.
	www.amazon.co.uk /exec/obidos/ASIN/0397517416/dokterdejong (404 words)

	Amazon.ca: Books: Visual Fields (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Visual Fields, by Neil T. Choplin, MD, and Russell P. Edwards MD, discusses the anatomic basis for visual field defects, reviews the methods for testing problems in the visual fields, and gives guidelines for interpretation.
		An entire chapter is dedicated to common errors in visual field testing and ways to minimize them.
		Advancements in visual field testing equipment and software for automated perimeters are thoroughly researched and reviewed.
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/1556423632 (358 words)

	Antiderivatives / Slope Fields - 3 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		A useful tool in the study of indefinite integrals (and differential equations) is a slope field (or direction field).
		Use the JAVA program Slope Fields Calculator to view a slope field for the function f(x) = sin(x) and to investigate the graphs of various antiderivatives of f.
		Using the TI-86 graphing calculator to graph slope fields and an antiderivative of a function.
	archives.math.utk.edu /visual.calculus/4/slope_fields.3 (222 words)

	Atlas of Visual Fields
		This atlas is a pictorial guide to the interpretation of automated visual fields.
		It presents more than 300 visual fields from actual patients that illustrate key points in analyzing visual fields.
		Each field is accompanied by a brief clinical history, interpretation, and explanation.
	www.ramex.com /title.asp?id=10025 (165 words)

	OSL: Atlas of Visual Fields
		Atlas of Visual Fields is a work organized by Donald L. Budenz from the Glaucoma Service of Bascom Palmer Eye Institute and his co-workers, Stephen J. Gedde and R. Michael Siatkoski.
		The main focus of the book is to demonstrate a systematic approach to reading automated visual fields as well as to develop pattern recognition for the majority of types of visual fields encountered in clinical practice.
		Each section starts with a brief introduction to that particular etiology of visual field alterations; the bulk of the chapter is then comprised of clinical examples of Humphrey visual field printouts and a figure legend describing the findings.
	www.slackinc.com /EYE/os/stor0799/books1.htm (366 words)

	SET FIELDS Command (Visual FoxPro)
		Specifies that all fields in the field list, including fields in other work areas, can be accessed.
		When the field is in a table that is open in a work area other than the currently selected work area.
		You can include fields from tables that are open in other work areas if the fields are prefaced with their table aliases.
	msdn.microsoft.com /library/en-us/fox7help/html/lngSET_FIELDS.asp?... (460 words)

	visual fields - General Practice Notebook
		Visual acuity is dependent on central vision only.
		The assessment of visual fields may yield vital information; unfortunately, visual field defects are often missed.
		The method outlined above is suitable for the detection of gross visual field defects.
	www.gpnotebook.co.uk /medwebpage.cfm?ID=-147521499 (295 words)

	OptiBoard Discussion Forums - Visual Fields question (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Yes, The superior visual field is seen by the inferior retina and the right visual field is seen by the left retina.
		The location of the scotoma can be followed back along the visual pathway all the way to the visual cortex.
		Most modern field analyzers have a fixation monitor and will show the results to help see how reliable the result is. One should also lookat the false positives and false negatives to judge reliability.
	www.optiboard.com /forums/showthread.php?t=8735 (594 words)

	Using Machine Learning Classifiers to Identify Glaucomatous Change Earlier in Standard Visual Fields -- Sample et al. ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Visual fields were not used to classify the
		visual fields and not on optic nerve status.
		single visual field relative to a reference is often used.
	www.iovs.org /cgi/content/full/43/8/2660 (4748 words)

	Neuro-Ophthalmic Visual Fields
		Automated perimetry is more reproducible, however, may be difficult for patient to perfrom.
		Goldmann perimetry should be reserved for those patients who perform perimetry unreliably or where examination of the peripheral visual field is important.
		Visual field loss is usually first seen inferonasally.
	www.abdn.ac.uk /~opt065/neurologicalvisualfields.htm (163 words)

	EYE DESIGN BOOK, BIOLOGICAL EYE DESIGN, , eyech2-abc.html
		Normally, eye resolution is far less at the edges of the field of view than near the center where most detail is seen.
		This is typical of camera lens systems design, especially in wide field applications, where it is difficult to achieve high resolution over a large angular field of view.
		It is difficult to achieve a wide field of view with high resolution using this type of design.
	www.eyedesignbook.com /ch2/eyech2-abc.html (1565 words)

	Visual Fields
		By measuring the extent and the intensity of one's visual field, many visual and general health conditions can be detected.
		Some of these conditions are: glaucoma, retinal detachments, retinal degeneration, optic neuritis, brain tumors, toxic effects of ingested items, the cause of visual flashes and floaters, and the visual field effects of traumatic and vascular cerebral and ocular accidents.
		With the use of our new computer visual field testing instrument, you merely follow the red light.
	www.goldenvisionclinic.com /VisualFields.htm (332 words)

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