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Topic: Visual impairment

	Visual impairment - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		'Visual impairmentmy name' or vision impairment is vision loss that constitutes a significant limitation of visual capability resulting from disease, trauma, or a congenital or degenerative condition that cannot be corrected by conventional means, including refractive correction, medication, or surgery
		According to the U.S. National Dissemination Center for Children with Disabilities, "the terms partially sighted, low vision, legally blind, and totally blind are used in the educational context to describe students with visual impairments.
		Visual impairment is the consequence of a functional loss of vision, rather than the eye disorder itself.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Visual_impairment (401 words)

	Cortical Visual Impairment - Children's Hospital Boston
		Thus, "cerebral visual impairment" is preferred to "cortical blindness." Common causes CVI in infants and young children include hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) (in the term born infant), periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) (in the preterm infant), traumatic brain injury due to shaken baby syndrome and accidental head injuries, neonatal hypoglycemia, infections (e.g.
		Visual motor disturbances, as in moving the eyes to direct visual attention to an object, fixating on an object of interest, shifting fixation and gaze to a new visual stimulus, and accomplishing fine motor tasks such as copying a drawing, are associated with posterior parietal (-occipital) lobe lesions.
		Visual spatial disturbances, as in localization of objects, judgment of direction and distance of objects, and orienting the body in relation to the physical world (the "Where is it?" aspect of vision), are associated with posterior parietal (-occipital) lobe lesions (also "dorsal" pathway).
	www.childrenshospital.org /az/Site2100/printerfriendlypageS2100P0.html (1579 words)

	WHO \| Magnitude and causes of visual impairment
		Globally, in 2002 more than 161 million people were visually impaired, of whom 124 million people had low vision and 37 million were blind.* However, refractive error as a cause of visual impairment was not included, which implies that the actual global magnitude of visual impairment is greater.
		The extent of the global burden of visual impairment in 2002 is not strictly comparable to the previous estimates of 1990, which indicated there were 148 million visually impaired, of which 38 million were blind.
		An ever-increasing number of people are at risk of visual impairment as populations grow and demographic shifts move towards the predominance of older age groups.
	www.who.int /mediacentre/factsheets/fs282/en (1105 words)

	Disability Info: Visual Impairments Fact Sheet (FS13)
		The rate at which visual impairments occur in individuals under the age of 18 is 12.2 per 1,000.
		The effect of visual problems on a child's development depends on the severity, type of loss, age at which the condition appears, and overall functioning level of the child.
		Children with visual impairments should be assessed early to benefit from early intervention programs, when applicable.
	www.nichcy.org /pubs/factshe/fs13txt.htm (683 words)

	Healthopedia.com - Visual Impairment (Impaired Vision)
		Visual impairment refers to sight that has less quality, strength, or value than normal.
		The visual impairment may be acute, meaning occuring suddenly, or chronic, which means that the visual changes last for a long period of time.
		A person may be born with visual impairments, or they may occur later in life.
	www.healthopedia.com /visual-impairment (513 words)

	Taylor & Francis Journals: Welcome (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Its aim is to provide a multidisciplinary forum for all aspects of research on visual impairment, made up of perceptual psychology, ophthalmology, optometry, gerontology, rehabilitation service delivery, psychophysics, device research and development, cognitive science, social work, and special education.
		Visual Impairment Research offers authors of papers with scientific merit, a dedicated journal for their manuscripts with high impact, as it will have international scope and international circulation.
		Visual Impairment Research is being launched at a time when the field of visual impairment is bursting with new knowledge and when research from basic vision research is beginning to be applied in rehabilitation.
	www.tandf.co.uk /journals/titles/1388235X.asp (232 words)

	Visual Impairment
		For example, when working with students with visual impairments, Ponchillia (1993) recommends that all family members be shown how to use equipment and adaptive techniques so they can better support the individual with the disability.
		The leading causes of visual impairment in those persons not considered to be legally blind are cataracts, refractive errors, and glaucoma.
		The visual impairment is not necessarily the cause of school under achievement School under achievement is an indirect result of the visual impairment.
	jan.ucc.nau.edu /~jde7/ese504/class/advanced/Visualimpairments.html (1905 words)

	Visual Field Impairment
		The visual images that we see to the right side travel from both eyes to the left side of the brain, while the visual images we see to the left side in each eye travels to the right side of the brain.
		While homonymous hemianopsia is a physical loss of visual field to one side, visual neglect is an attentional problem to one side of their body.
		Visual neglect is a spatial inattention to one side caused most commonly by damage to the parietal lobe of the brain.
	www.eyeassociates.com /images/visual_field_impairment.htm (1700 words)

	FHA - Patient Education Forum - Visual Impairment
		Visual impairment is when the person's vision in the eye with the best eyesight is worse than 20/40 but better than 20/200.
		Visual impairment is very common, and increases with age.
		If you have an eye disease that causes visual impairment, it is important that you go to your eye doctor on a regular basis.
	www.healthinaging.org /public_education/pef/visual_impairment.php (908 words)

	[Clinical Preventive Services] Screening for Visual Impairment (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		A community-based examination of all first- to third-grade children in 1984 found visual acuity of 20/30 or better in the better eye in 94-95% of the schoolchildren; 7%, 9%, and 9% of children in first, second, and third grades, respectively, had glasses prescribed.
		Visual impairment is a common and potentially serious problem among older people.
		Visual acuity tests for children include the Snellen chart, the Landolt C, the tumbling E, the Allen picture cards, grating cards, and others.25 The specificity of any acuity test for detecting strabismus or amblyopia is imperfect as other conditions may be the cause of the diminished acuity.
	cpmcnet.columbia.edu /texts/gcps/gcps0043.html (2578 words)

	Fact Sheet Cortical Visual Impairment
		TM Cortical Visual Impairment (CVI) is a temporary or permanent visual impairment caused by the disturbance of the posterior visual pathways and/or the occipital lobes of the brain.
		The degree of neurological damage and visual impairment depends upon the time of onset, as well as the location and intensity of the insult.
		The major causes of CVI are asphyxia, perinatal hypoxia ischemia ("hypoxia": a lack of sufficient oxygen in the body cells of blood; "ischemia": not enough blood supply to the brain), developmental brain defects, head injury, hydrocephalus, and infections of the central nervous system, such as meningitis and encephalitis.
	www.blindbabies.org /factsheet_cvi.htm (1171 words)

	Visual Impairment (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Visual impairment means even after correction a child's visual functioning significantly adversely affects his or her educational performance.
		A certified teacher of the visually impaired conducts a functional vision evaluation which includes a review of medical information, formal and informal tests of visual functioning and the determination of the implications of the visual impairment on the educational and curricular needs of the child.
		An orientation and mobility specialist, or teacher of the visually impaired in conjunction with an orientation and mobility specialist, evaluates the child to determine if there are related mobility needs in home, school, or community environments.
	www.cesa7.k12.wi.us /sped/issues-eligibility/Visuallyimpaired.html (243 words)

	Cortical Visual Impairment Materials
		Visual characteristics of infants with CVI and the importance of understanding behavioral states and the environment in developing early intervention strategies are discussed.
		The author then discuses the causes of cortical visual impairment and addresses factors that are important in the assessment and intervention of children with CVI including image quality; refractive errors, accommodation, and oculomotor functions; photophobia; visual field defects; scotomas; visual acuity; contrast sensitivity; color vision; and motion perception (perceiving visual information that moves).
		The results of this study demonstrated that responses of parents/caregivers to a set of interview questions can reliably differentiate CVI from optical visual impairment: reports from parents or caregivers of infants and children with CVI were very different from the reports from parents and caregivers of infants and children with optical visual impairment.
	www.dblink.org /lib/topics/cvi-bib.htm (3245 words)

	Visual Impairment Information on Healthline
		Visual impairment or low vision is a severe reduction in vision that can't be corrected with standard glasses or contact lenses and reduces a person's ability to function at certain or all tasks.
		Clarity (sharpness) of vision indicates how well a person's central visual status is. The diopter is the unit of measure for refractive errors such as nearsightedness, farsightedness, and astigmatism and indicates the strength of corrective lenses needed.
		While a case history, visual status, and eye health evaluation are common to both exams, some things do differ.
	www.healthline.com /galecontent/visual-impairment (968 words)

	Visual Impairment
		As a teen, Runyan was diagnosed with Stargardt disease, a condition that can cause visual impairment and even blindness in teens and young adults.
		If you, your parent, or your doctor suspects a visual problem, you'll probably pay a visit to an ophthalmologist (pronounced: af-thal-mah-luh-jist), a medical doctor who specializes in examining, diagnosing, and treating eyes and eye diseases.
		If your eye doctor determines that you have an eye condition that is likely to cause visual impairment, there are many treatments available.
	kidshealth.org /teen/diseases_conditions/sight/visual_impairment.html (1380 words)

	Recent advances in cortical visual impairment
		In another study from Liverpool, Rogers7 found that CVI was the most common cause of visual Impairment in children with associated neurological disorders (49% of the study population).
		Visual acuity is a measure of the ability to visually resolve objects of interest in detail.
		Visual improvement may be rapid, particularly in cases of traumatic injury, however, usually visual recovery is gradual.
	www.aph.org /cvi/articles/good_1.html (4042 words)

	Visual Impairment
		Team for Children with Visual Impairment supports over three hundred children with visual impairment in the city.
		It consists of teachers who are all additionally qualified to teach children with visual impairment, a teacher of typing and keyboard skills and a specialist learning assistant with bilingual skills.
		Visual Impairment team when there is concern about a child’s vision.
	www.bgfl.org /services/sss/visual.htm (773 words)

	Medical Dictionary: Visual impairment - WrongDiagnosis.com
		Visual impairment: Visual impairments limiting one or more of the basic functions of the eye: visual acuity, dark adaptation, color vision, or peripheral vision.
		Visual disability refers to inability of the individual to perform specific visual tasks, such as reading, writing, orientation, or traveling unaided.
		Visual impairment: Another name for Vision Impairment (or close medical condition association).
	www.wrongdiagnosis.com /medical/visual_impairment.htm (271 words)

	AUTISM AND VISUAL IMPAIRMENT
		As a former teacher of the visually impaired I was struck by the fact that a subgroup of children with whom I worked did not respond to typical interventions used in early intervention with children with significant visual impairment – for instance, multi-sensory approaches, narrating everything that was going on around the child, hand-overhand presentation.
		The literature in the field of visual impairment needs to be more cautious in its use of the terminology “autistic-like” in that it can result in missed diagnosis and/or delay in procuring appropriate services for those children who are on the autism spectrum.
		In 1997 she joined the staff of the Maryland School for the Blind where she worked with multiply handicapped children with a variety of disabilities including visual impairment, autism spectrum disorders, cerebral palsy, mental retardation, and learning disabilities, as well as training staff to work with these students.
	www.tsbvi.edu /Education/vmi/autism-and-vi.htm (1395 words)

	Visual Impairment/Blindness
		Visual Impairment, including blindness, means an impairment in vision that, even with
		A visual impairment or a progressive vision loss has been diagnosed by an
		The visual impairment adversely affects the child’s educational performance.
	www.ssd.k12.mo.us /Parents/disability_categories/visual_impairment.htm (71 words)

	Visual Impairment Collection
		Students who are visually impaired can benefit from a range of software and hardware tools that utilize Braille keyboarding and printing, screen magnification, and/or synthesized speech output.
		A set of guidelines and recommendations for developing and implementing the successful integration of preschoolers with visual impairments into educational settings with their sighted peers.
		A description of different ways students who are visually impaired can use their knowledge of Braille to input text into a computer A list of specific products that enable input is attached.
	www2.edc.org /NCIP/LIBRARY/VI/toc.htm (865 words)

	Programs for the Visually Impaired
		The current eligibility criteria for a visual impairment under state law is found at PI 11.36 (3), Wis. Admin.
		The federal definition of "Visual impairment including blindness means an impairment in vision that, even with correction, adversely affects a child's educational performance.
		Department of Public Instruction Form PI-2015, Ocular Report for Children with a Known or Suspected Visual Impairment, is used to verify eligibility for the Federal Quota Program.
	dpi.wi.gov /sped/vision.html (401 words)

	Blindness Statistics - American Foundation for the Blind
		Currently, approximately 42% of blind and severely visually impaired Americans are married, 33% are widowed, 13% are separated or divorced, and 13% have never married.
		Approximately 45% of individuals with severe visual impairment or blindness have a high school diploma, compared to 80% among fully sighted individuals.
		Among high school graduates, those with severe visual impairment or blindness are about as likely to have taken some college courses as those who were sighted, but they are less likely to have graduated.
	www.afb.org /info_documents.asp?collectionid=15 (693 words)

	Visual_Impairments (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Describe problems caused by the definition of Visual Impairments as they relate to placement, service, and funding.
		Visual impairment, including blindness: An impairment in vision that, even with correction, adversely affects a child's educational performance.
		The majority of children born with visual impairments (about 60%) have multiple impairments.
	www.bamaed.ua.edu /spe300/Visual_Impairments.html (533 words)

	Visual Impairment
		This portfolio is required for those in the licensure program as the means to demonstrate mastery of new knowledge, skills and dispositions required for licensure that are acquired throughout the course of study.
		The Wisconsin Teacher of the Visually Impaired (TVI) Loan Program provides loans to those who are enrolled at an institution in a program that prepares them to be licensed as teachers of visually impaired students or orientation and mobility instructors.
		Teachers who do not have mastery in the competencies for licensure for Visual Impairment will be required to demonstrate mastery in a teaching environment.
	www.sl.edu /specialedu/Visualimpairment.htm (2760 words)

	JVIB - American Foundation for the Blind
		The Journal of Visual Impairment and Blindness (JVIB) is the premiere international, interdisciplinary journal of record on blindness and visual impairment that publishes scholarship and information and serves as a forum for the exchange of ideas, airing of controversies, and discussion of issues.
		The journal's purpose as conceived by the AFB Publications Advisory Committee, was to foster an exchange of information between the research and practice communities in the field of visual impairment and blindness.
		JVIB is the premiere international, interdisciplinary journal of record on blindness and visual impairment that publishes scholarship and information and serves as a forum for the exchange of ideas, airing of controversies, and discussion of issues.
	www.afb.org /jvib.asp (509 words)

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