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Topic: Visual perception

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Eyesight

Motion perception

Visual cortex

Perception

Multistable perception

Color vision

Philosophy of perception

Peripheral vision

Visual acuity

Phosphene

Primary visual cortex

Visual system

Sensory system

Occipital lobe

Visualization

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	Visual perception - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Visual perception is one of the senses, consisting of the ability to detect light and interpret (see) it as the perception known as eyesight, sight or naked eye vision.
		Some argue that the perception of depth also constitutes a sense, but others argue that this is really cognition (that is, post-sensory) function derived from having stereoscopic vision (two eyes) and is not a sensory perception as such.
		The eye's retina performs the first stages of visual perception processing, with the remaining stages of visual perception occurring in the optic nerve, the lateral geniculate nucleus, and the visual cortex of the brain.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Visual_perception (1205 words)

	Minding the gap: visual perception and cinematic gap filling.(Critical Essay) - Style - HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		But because visual perception and cognition operate differently from language perception and cognition, the existing models are unable to address the effects of visual data on film comprehension.
		Although it is clear that the operations of visual perception and cognition are problematic for van den Broek's p ropositional sets, it is not impossible to articulate images into causal sets, but neither is it as easy and automatic as van den Broek suggests it is for reading.
		Visual reorganization works by our being able to retrieve images from memory, images that may not have been classified and categorized at the time of perception, but are being determined at the time of this later cognitive operation, the one of gap filling.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:89985880&refid=holomed_1 (7219 words)

	Studies in Visual Perception, II.
		But here perception sometimes seems to be dominated by the eye's apparent preference for interpreting a moving surface whose most rapid motion lies interior to it as a convex surface facing toward rather than away from the viewer as a surface bulging toward the viewer.
		The percept that emerges is somewhat less that of the alternating rotations seen in the binocular view and somewhat more that of two simultaneously moving families of dots with opposite motions and different colors.
		This percept always appears when an edge-derived perception of the depth inside a rectangle finds nothing in the appropriate region to which a suitable depth can be ascribed, and when the ascribed surface fit to a boundary like the rectangle cannot be continued amodally behind something which seems to hide a portion of it.
	www.settheory.com /Glass_paper/Kanizsa_observations.html (7221 words)

	Visual Perception
		Perhaps because of our strong visual predisposition as a species, the psychological difficulties inherent in using light to discern the structure of the external world are not widely appreciated and easily overlooked.
		These studies have revealed that this animal's visual recognition of prey entails a conjunction of attributes involving the model's size, shape, and direction of motion; such that thin elongated stimuli moving along an extended worm-like axis are considerably more preferred by toads than the same shape moving perpendicular to this axis.
		In an attempt to isolate the early visual mechanisms responsible for registering and discriminating object surfaces and edges, my colleagues and I have been investigating the phenomenon of perceptual grouping in pigeons and humans by testing them with different types of multi-element visual stimuli.
	www.pigeon.psy.tufts.edu /ecp.htm (2637 words)

	IntelligentEnterprise : Data Presentation: Tapping the Power of Visual Perception (printable version)
		Perception of these basic visual attributes is called "preattentive" processing, in contrast to the conscious part of perception, which is called "attentive" processing.
		The visual differences between the shapes of the various numbers that appear in Figure 3 (for instance, the difference in shape between a "3" and a "5") are too complex to process preattentively.
		The better you understand the strengths and weaknesses of visual perception, the better equipped you'll be to make use of your readers' abilities to detect structure and patterns in data when it's visually displayed.
	www.intelligententerprise.com /print_article.jhtml?articleID=31400009 (2009 words)

	Webvision: Visual Cortex
		The human visual system can detect and discriminate between an incredibly diverse assortment of stimuli that may be chromatic or achromatic, in motion or not, pattered or unpatterned, two-dimensional or three.
		Visual input to the brain goes from eye to LGN and then to primary visual cortex, or area V1, which is located in the posterior of the occipital lobe.
		Maunsell JH, Gibson JR (1992) Visual response latencies in striate cortex of the macaque monkey.
	webvision.med.utah.edu /VisualCortex.html (9250 words)

	Historical Notes: History [of visual perception]
		Visual perception has been used for centuries as an example in philosophical discussions about the nature of experience.
		Studies of visual illusions around the end of the 1800s raised many questions that were not readily amenable to numerical measurement or traditional mathematical analysis, and this led in part to the Gestalt approach to psychology which attempted to formulate various global principles of visual perception.
		The basic idea that early stages of visual perception involve extraction of local features has been fairly clear since the 1950s, and researchers from a variety of fields have invented and reinvented implementations of this idea many times.
	www.wolframscience.com /reference/notes/1076b (579 words)

	Visual Perception 6
		Such argue that in western urban cultures we have come to rely more on sight than on any other sense (this was referred to in Visual Perception 1 as 'ocularcentrism').
		Both the historical and socio-cultural context of perception are vast themes which will not be explored further here, but such studies do help to emphasize that 'the world' is not simply indisputably 'out there' but is to some extent constructed in the process of perception.
		I have referred already, in Visual Perception 3, to the importance of individual factors which can have an influence on perception.
	www.aber.ac.uk /media/Modules/MC10220/visper06.html (2354 words)

	Touch can change visual slant perception - Nature Neuroscience
		The visual stimulus was generated on a cathode ray tube (CRT) and viewed in a mirror that obscured the subject's hand.
		Specifically, when subjects are given haptic stimulation consistent with the texture-specified slant of a visual stimulus, their subsequent visual percepts are closer to the texture slant than they were before training.
		The visual system is well designed for making fine discriminations of size, length, curvature and angular separation, so the reliability of visual estimates of those properties is high.
	www.nature.com /cgi-taf/DynaPage.taf?file=/neuro/journal/v3/n1/full/nn0100_69.html (4074 words)

	SOLVING THE "REAL" MYSTERIES OF VISUAL PERCEPTION:
		Even though classic visual phenomena like the illusions and effects displayed in science museums and the specific domains currently discussed by visual scientists, such as colour vision, stereopsis, movement perception, contrast sensitivity, etc., are important and interesting, they are in a way just the tip of the iceberg in the task of understanding vision.
		My tactile perception of the bottle is provided by my exploration of it with my fingers, that is by the sequence of changes in sensation that are provoked by this exploration, and by the relation between the changes that occur and my knowledge about what bottles are like.
		The idea of visual perception involving component extraction is also compatible with Ivo Kohler's (1951) findings, according to which after training with spectacles that transform the visual world in various ways (inverting, reflecting), subjects re-establish normal upright perception in a fragmentary way, with aspects of the environment being corrected, and others not.
	nivea.psycho.univ-paris5.fr /CanJ/CanJ.html (8771 words)

	Visual Perception (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		in general and especially visual perception, a simple notion would be that to perceive is only to mirror the objects in the world such that the physical properties of these objects are reflected in the mind.
		Moreover, the perception of composite stimuli often elicits interpretations which are not present when the components are perceived separately (Fig.2).
		The nature of perception is rather to provide a useful description of objects in the outside world instead of being an accurate mirror image of the physical world.
	et.sdsu.edu /MGonzalez/vperception/start.htm (428 words)

	Theories of Visual Perception: Problems and Perspectives (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		Aims The aim of this lecture is to introduce you to problems in visual perception and general theoretical approaches to these problems.
		He believed that perception was direct, by which he meant that perception is not mediated by a process of inference, and percepts are not constructed from sensations.
		The task of the visual system is to reverse this process and recover the causes of the scene from the images on the retina.
	www.psychol.ucl.ac.uk /alan.johnston/Theories.html (1304 words)

	Visual Perception
		Gestalt psychology is a movement in experimental psychology that began just prior to World War I. It made important contributions to the study of visual perception and problem solving.
		These factors are called the laws of grouping and are explained in the context of perception and problem-solving.
		Instead, they appear to influence each other, so that the final perception is a combination of all of the Gestalt grouping laws acting together.
	coe.sdsu.edu /eet/articles/visualperc1/start.htm (548 words)

	FamilyFun: Learning Disabilities: Visual Perception Disorders
		Visual perception disorders are the most subtle--and the most difficult to recognize--of the four major types of learning disabilities.
		Children with visual perception problems may have related difficulties that include a poor sense of direction, problems judging speed and distance, and difficulties with planning and organizational skills.
		While visual perception disabilities can make school very difficult for children, much can be done to help them compensate for the problem.
	familyfun.go.com /parenting/learn/assess/feature/dony18learningdisabled/dony18learningdisabled3.html (531 words)

	BMV: Behavioral model of visual perception and recognition
		During visual perception and recognition, human eyes move and successively fixate at the most informative parts of the image (Yarbus 1967, see illustrations above and on the right.).
		Consequently, visual perception and recognition may be considered as behavioral processes, and probably cannot be completely understood in limited frames of neural computations without taking into account behavioral and cognitive aspects of these processes.
		It was found that the higher levels of the visual system contain two major pathways for visual processing called "where" and "what" pathways.
	www.rybak-et-al.net /vnc.html (1515 words)

	Imagination Can Enhance Visual Perception (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		However, imagination greases the wheels of perception only when the images are drawn from short-term memory, the researchers report in the current issue of the Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience.
		The research also supports the idea that short- and long-term visual memory may be governed by separate mechanisms in the brain.
		The threshold of perception was lowered only when the participants were asked to imagine the flanking signals soon after seeing them on the screen.
	www.pslgroup.com /dg/4d30e.htm (727 words)

	Laboratory for Research into Autism: Visual Perception
		However, in divided attention procedures, in which participants are required to attend to both local and global levels to detect a target shape, individuals with autism have shown enhanced local processing.
		Recent studies conducted by the LaRA have shown that local and global perception and the development of local and global representations is typical in individuals with autism, as is configural processing.
		Children with autism often show excessive interest in movement, such as spinning the wheels of a toy car, raising the possibility that movement perception may be different in autism.
	www.psychol.cam.ac.uk /lara/projects/vis-percep.html (718 words)

	Perception Page
		The 5 modules (physiological bases of perception; form, pattern, and movement; perceiving color; depth, size, brightness, and contrast; psychophysics) each contain 8 units illustrating various topics in visual perception.
		Among the illusions illustrated are the Müller-Lyer illusion and the Poggendorf illusion.
		Both neural and psychological properties of pain perception are discussed, including a discussion of placebo effects.
	www.skidmore.edu /~hfoley/perception.htm (3563 words)

	Classic Articles in Visual Perception
		The articles are not always the first to do so (although many of them are) or the best of their kind (although most are), but in almost every case these articles greatly influenced the science that followed.
		Johansson, G. Visual perception of biological motion and a model for its analysis.
		Dowling, J. Chemistry of visual adaptation in the rat.
	www.psy.jhu.edu /~yantis/classics.html (1785 words)

	How Animals See
		Animals process visual information in distinct ways, largely a direct result of the specifics of their visual equipment.
		Of course, some animals have receptors that pick up visual stimuli that humans cannot perceive; birds, for example, can see ultraviolet light, and as a result observe a variety of visual patterns which humans can only view through the use of additional external filters.
		Though the raw information is important in that it provides a basis for any further brain processing, once a picture is formed it moves on to the rest of the brain and is compiled with all the other sensory information that an animal has taken in.
	www.pigeon.psy.tufts.edu /psych26/umvelt.htm (459 words)

	Visual Perception \| Vision \| Sight \| Questia.com Online Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		Senses and sensation...has mastered the concept of visual perception presupposes in her judgments...not this is...
		...quantity may be involved in the visual perception of size at a distance.
		Visual Perception and Cognition in Infancy Carnegie...Collected Tutorial Essays Granrud: Visual Perception and Cognition in Infancy Gregg...VanLehn: Architectures for...
	www.questia.com /Index.jsp?CRID=visual_perception&OFFID=se1 (481 words)

	BrainConnection.com - Research in Visual Perception: The Significance of Face Recognition - Part 1
		Like many visual stimuli, faces must be accurately recognized in any orientation or lighting condition, and even while moving.
		Join us as we explore common injuries and disorders of the visual system, from minor problems that only cause us to wear glasses, to more serious injuries that can result in total blindness.
		Learn about the neural mechanisms of visual perception with rich insights into how the brain handles complex visual situations.
	www.brainconnection.com /topics?main=fa/face-perception (579 words)

	Department 5 of ATR-HIP
		Without the ability to process visual information, we would be severely handicapped and it is therefore not surprising that approximately 50 percent of the primate cortex is devoted to visual information processing.
		Examples are the role of color, depth and motion perception in visual display quality and teleconferencing.
		In the case of telecommunications it is important to know which characteristics of the visual scene have to be communicated and which can be deleted from the initial data-set.
	www.hip.atr.co.jp /departments/dept5.html (225 words)

	Visual Perception in Distributed Mission Operations and Training Environments (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		The goal of this project is to identify and resolve current visual technology deficiencies for future simulators supporting manned and unmanned, single-ship, and distributed multiship aircrew training activities.
		The main deficiencies of current visual system technologies are in the areas of cost, brightness, contrast, resolution, image generation/data base capabilities, and deployability.
		We conduct behavioral science investigations under laboratory and operational conditions, which address human perception issues related to the optimal design of simulator visual systems.
	www4.nationalacademies.org /pga/rap.nsf/44ac59cd53fc460885256a220069c796/ed87661d28b5e7a2852570a7005cd134?OpenDocument (228 words)

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