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	Kids.Net.Au - Encyclopedia > Vitalism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		As an implication of vitalism, organic compounds were thought to be only produced by living organisms, as a byproduct of the presence of the vital forces.
		Further chemical and anatomical discoveries pushed aside the "vital force" explanation, as more and more life processes came to be described in purely scientific terms, and as the medical model of disease came to be more and more focused on the failure of particular organs and processes in the body.
		Modern medical vitalism, as represented by such schools as homeopathy, acupuncture, and chiropractics, tends to emphasize this role in both the cause and treatment of diseases.
	www.kids.net.au /encyclopedia-wiki/vi/Vitalism (457 words)

	Vitalism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Vitalism is the doctrine that "vital forces" are active in living organisms, so that life cannot be explained solely by mechanism.
		Modern medical vitalism, as represented by such schools as homeopathy, naturopathy, acupuncture, anthroposophy, biodynamic agriculture and chiropractics, tends to emphasize the role that an individual's state of mind plays in both the cause and treatment of diseases.
		In terms of the biology of the cell itself, a return to vitalism may be seen in the holistic idea that life is an emergent process which cannot be accurately described simply by understanding any number of chemical processes which occur in the cell.
	www.airandspace.org /encyclopedia/Vitalism (554 words)

	Vitalism - Search Results - ninemsn Encarta
		Vitalism, an aspect of the philosophy of idealism (the claim that ideas, or abstract and immaterial essences precede and give rise to the material)...
		As long as vitalism and spiritualism are open questions so long will the gateway of science be open to mysticism.
		- belief in vital principle: a doctrine that maintains that life and the functions of a living organism depend on a nonmaterial force or principle separate from physical and chemical processes.
	au.encarta.msn.com /Vitalism.html (132 words)

	Vitalism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Vitalism has a long history in medical philosophies: most traditional healing practices posited that disease was the result of some imbalance in the vital energies which distinguish living from non-living matter.
		In the Western tradition, associated with Hippocrates, these vital forces were identified as the humours; eastern traditions posited similar forces such as qi, prana, etc. More recently, vitalistic thinking has been identified in the naive biological notions of children.
		Aided by the invention of the microscope in the 16th century, the germ theory of disease challenged the role of vitalism in Western medicine, and the roles of the organs of the human anatomy in the maintenance of life became better understood, reducing the need to explain things in terms of mystical "vital forces".
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Vitalism (3665 words)

	Vitalism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Defining the vital spark is the same as defining life.
		Obviously, this concept is a supernatural one, and we have already discussed the fact that modern scientists don't accept the supernatural as a reasonable explanation or answer.
		The concept of vitalism led to some lively debates among scientists of particularly the 19th century.
	www.cod.edu /people/faculty/fancher/Vitalism.htm (532 words)

	pbj \| Penn Bioethics Journal \| vol1.iss1 The Brain and Beyond...
		Vitalism, as told by the legend, was overthrown by Friedrich Wöhler’s use of inorganic salts to synthesize urea, an “organic” compound.
		Vitalism was first challenged by the emergence of philosophies like Descartes’, which extend a mechanistic explanation of natural phenomena to organisms.
		Validation of vitalism might separate living and nonliving matter onto separate moral planes, justified by the presence or absence of a vital force, but whether or not the embryo is living is not a question in debate.
	www.bioethicsjournal.com /past/cheng.html (2355 words)

	Science Fair Projects - Vitalism
		Vitalism is the doctrine that life cannot be explained solely by mechanism.
		The latter is the category usually identified with vitalism, clearly stating that life processes are radically different than the processes in non-living matter.
		Modern medical vitalism, as represented by such schools as homeopathy, acupuncture, anthroposophy, biodynamic agriculture and chiropractics, tends to emphasize this role in both the cause and treatment of diseases.
	www.all-science-fair-projects.com /science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/Vitalism (668 words)

	Astrology & Health: The Vital Force
		In Western medicine, vitalism declined in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries with the ascendancy of scientific thinking, though today it is still a central tenet of naturopathic philosophy.
		The premise of vitalism considers the human body and psyche as being animated by the vital force, which starts flowing at the moment of conception and which ceases with the death of the body.
		This flow of vital force is synonymous with the emotional experience of the person, whereby each individual emotion is seen as a particular wave form within the flow.
	www.astrologycom.com /vitalism.html (720 words)

	Scott Lash: Encyclopaedia - Life (vitalism) \| Roundtable: Research Architecture
		Vitalism always has a very important idea of ‘sense’ – in which sense is more fundamentally a question of sensation than it is of meaning - and a notion of knowledge that will be based on sense.
		Thus in the early twentieth century there was a sort of mutual antagonism between Bergsonian vitalism and the positivism of Durkheim, as in the early twenty-first century there is a sort of antagonism between the neo-positivism of scholars influenced by Pierre Bourdieu and the neo-vitalism of those influenced by Gilles Deleuze and Antonio Negri.
		Her and Agamben’s rejection of vitalism as praxis and without content is similar to Hegel’s rejection of Kant’s ethics for its lack of social content.
	roundtable.kein.org /node/126 (3889 words)

	[No title]
		Vitalism can be more distinctly defined as: "a doctrine that the functions of a living organism are due to a vital principle distinct from physiochemical forces." In other words, the philosophy posits that living things possess a vital force that energizes them in an unmeasurable, nonphysical, nonchemical manner, which acts beyond the laws of physics.
		Dorland's (25th edition) defines Vitalism as," the theory that biological activities are directed by a supernatural force; opposed to mechanism." According to Webster's Third New World Dictionary, vitalism is defined as, "a doctrine that the functions of a living organism are due to a vital principle distinct from physiochemical forces." According to Prof.
		The second assertion that vitalism is not a question of the nature of material, but that of biological laws is another example of an act of desperation by those who would force an ad hoc modification to the vitalism theory when confronted with its' own fallaciousness.
	www.chiro.org /chiro-list/vitalism.txt (8230 words)

	Vitalism
		Vitalism is best understood, however, in the context of the emergence of modern science during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.
		These vital properties preclude identifying life with any physical or chemical phenomenon because the behaviour of living tissues is irregular and contrary to forces exhibited by their inorganic constituents.
		Because he acknowledged this distance between vital functions in living organisms and what it was possible to explain in physical terms at the time, Magendie was construed by many as a vitalist; if he is a vitalist at all, his vitalism is very different from that of Bichat.
	mechanism.ucsd.edu /~bill/teaching/philbio/vitalism.htm (2823 words)

	Vitalism \| World of Biology
		Vitalism is a school of thought which postulates that life cannot be fully explained in physical material terms.
		Aristotle, who is regarded as the founder of scientific vitalism, believed that the soul, as a modality of life-energy, kept the organism alive.
		Vitalism is an intellectual orientation, and not a mere hypothesis in need of material proof.
	www.bookrags.com /research/vitalism-wob (467 words)

	Vitalism
		Vitalism: a doctrine that the processes of life are not explicable by the laws of physics and chemistry alone and that life is in some part self-determining.
		Vitalism will introduce you to a series of daily steps that are the ultimate methods for maintaining alignment, burning calories, shredding your body, doubling your energy, and shaping your muscles.
		Vitalism will lead you with simplicity to the levels you were meant to function at and give you the health information you need to understand why maintaining these levels are vital to every aspect of your life.
	www.vitalityhouse.com /vitalism.htm (1085 words)

	philosophical conversations: vitalism junked
		Dougerty says that Doyle interested is in the emergence of the postvital body, that is the body that comes after the vital body, after 'life' in the sense of a mysterious life force (vitalism) has been evacuated from the organism.
		Vitalism is seen as the philosophical (metaphysical) baggage of science---whose ontological assumptions have been examined and found wanting.
		Rethinking vitalism and a philosophy of biology tha is distinct from current philosophies of science that are mainly oriented on modern physics.
	sauer-thompson.com /conversations/archives/2006/03/vitalism_junked.html (544 words)

	mechanism/vitalism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Vitalism in its widest sense holds that living things are specific forms of being, and that biology is an autonomous science concerned with a domain of being that has its own laws -- a world of process-things.
		The vitalism of the late eighteenth century stipulated that life could not be reduced to the fundamental properties of matter postulated by mechanics.
		The hope in the existence of a "vital substance" disappeared when Wöhler succeeded in synthesizing urea from inorganic compounds in 1828, showing that the chemistries of the living and the nonliving were not forever separated.
	www.christianhubert.com /hypertext/mechanism_vitalism.html (2450 words)

	philosophical conversations: vitalism
		The primary distinction between mechanism and vitalism may be in terms of vitalism's self-organization.
		Yet the structure of the modern scientific revolution became a physicalist one, and vitalism eventually became a term of contempt in the mind of the physicalists.
		Vitalism survived on the edges of philosophy and art as a minor tradition.
	sauer-thompson.com /conversations/archives/2006/01/vitalism.html (1300 words)

	Vitalism's Roots in Chiropractic: Should Vitalism Be a Subjuect of Study by Modern Day Chiropractic? -- Part I \| Darryl ...
		Those who place wagers against the viability of vitalism on the basis that it is a non-science obviously haven't been reading the literature as well as they should.
		Vitalism is not dead, according to critically acclaimed modern thinkers.
		Vitalism and the notion of innate healing is a topic brimming with life and the subject of intellectual curiosity.
	www.chiroweb.com /archives/14/23/10.html (1280 words)

	Lamarck's Vitalism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Vitalism was an evolutionary thought introduced by Jean Baptiste de Lamark(1744 - 1802).
		Vitalism was used to explain a species' ability to adapt; it is better known as the theory of inheritance and of acquired characteristics (it is important to note that the study of genetics was not yet known to Lamark and other scientists).
		Lamarks vitalism has lent itself to many criticisms, of the more popularly known is how his theories apply to the example of the giraffe.
	www.mnsu.edu /emuseum/biology/evolution/history/lamarck.html (272 words)

	[No title]
		The doctrine of vitalism holds that the functions of an organism are due to a vital principle distinct from physico-chemical forces.
		Vitalism is rooted in the empirical tradition of "wise woman" healers.
		The progress of vitalism in the West was accompanied by the development of analytic theories, with either science or vitalism dominating at different times.
	www.herbalgram.org /tomsofmaine/herbclip/review.asp?i=42053 (699 words)

	Man or Machine: The Vitalistic Model of Health 11/20/04 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Vitalism is defined as the doctrine that life cannot be explained solely by materialism.
		Another definition of vitalism is the metaphysical doctrine that living organisms possess a non-physical inner force or energy that gives them the property of life.
		Webster's dictionary simply defines vitalism as a doctrine that the functions of a living organism are due to a vital principle distinct from physiochemical forces.
	sites.mercola.com /2004/nov/20/vitalism_health.htm (1113 words)

	Intelligent design (ID), the new vitalism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Religions adopted "vitalism" and assumed God(s) to be the agent.
		Vitalism waned since it provided no useful explanations and suggested no useful experiments.
		ID appeals to an intellectual yearning for a designer, but like classical vitalism, it's a sterile conjunction of the argument from ignorance with the argument from incredulity.
	www.geocities.com /lclane2/vitalism.html (192 words)

	VITALISM VS. THE GERM THEORY -- THE WORM IN KENT'S METAPHYSICAL APPLE? OR A SWEET NEW WEDDING? - Peter Morrell
		Disease is clearly and emphatically portrayed as a derangement in the vital force itself [and true cure as a correction of the vital force] and even external causes are portrayed merely as 'exciting causes' that trigger already internal predispositions [miasms].
		'Hahnemann invariably uses the term, vital principle instead of vital force, even speaking in one place of 'the force of the vital principle', thus making it clear that he holdsthat life is a substantial, objective entity, a primary originating power or principle and not a mere condition or mode of motion.
		Kent's assertions about 'the realm of causation' and the 'internal man' again amplify the idea that miasms and vital force are united and dwell together in 'mystical union' within a spiritual realm of causality which sits just behind the physical and which touches it only through the hierarchies of biochemical processes.
	www.homeoint.org /morrell/articles/vitalism.htm (4624 words)

	Soul uploading: vitalism: an aside
		Vitalism was the belief that being alive could not be explained solely in chemical and physical terms.
		According to Sunetra Gupta ("A victim of truth: Vitalism was an attempt to reconcile rationality with a sense of wonder," Nature, 407:677, October 12, 2000.
		There was no incontrovertible evidence for this, but such vitalism was the prevailing belief among many biological scientists in the first part of the twentieth century.
	home.earthlink.net /~mflabar/SoulUploading/vitalism.htm (976 words)

	H-Net Review: Charles W. J. Withers on Vitalizing Nature in the Enlightenment
		In particular, the place of vitalism in Enlightenment studies has been consistently overshadowed by the proponents of mechanist philosophy, by the appeal to rationality: the anatomists and physiologists (in and of the Enlightenment) have been, as it were, neglected in favor of the philosophical mathematicians and political accountants.
		Vitalism is taken to be that set of theories that attribute the circumstances of life neither to the soul, nor to matter--that is, then, neither to theistic or to mechanistic "causes"--but to an intermediary principle with properties of its own.
		Reill's treatment of vitalism is sensitive to the nature of the ideas themselves, depends upon his sketching a biographical background to the protagonists (which he does well) and, in part also, is aware of the geographical context to these ideas and personnel.
	www.h-net.org /reviews/showrev.cgi?path=179171143481691 (1092 words)

	Vitalism Theory -- from Eric Weisstein's World of Chemistry
		The belief dating to around 1600 that matter was divided into two classes based on behavior with respect to heat: organic and inorganic.
		Organic compounds changed form upon heating and could not be recovered by removing the heat source.
		The proposed explanation for the difference between organic and inorganic compounds was the Vitalism Theory, which stated that inorganic materials did not contain the "vital force" of life and lasted until the mid-nineteenth century.
	scienceworld.wolfram.com /chemistry/VitalismTheory.html (97 words)

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