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Topic: Vitamin B12

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	Vitamin B12 Information Sheet
		Vitamin B12 is a member of the vitamin B complex.
		Vitamin B12 is necessary for the synthesis of red blood cells, the maintenance of the nervous system, and growth and development in children.
		B12 is necessary for the rapid synthesis of DNA during cell division.
	www.vegsoc.org /info/b12.html (1014 words)

	Vitamin B12 in the Vegan Diet -- The Vegetarian Resource Group
		Although the minimum requirement for vitamin B12 is quite small, 1/1,000,000 of a gram (1 microgram) a day for adults [1], a vitamin B12 deficiency is a very serious problem leading ultimately to irreversible nerve damage.
		Vitamin B12 does not appear to be absorbed from the large intestine [1].
		Produce cannot be depended on as a reliable vitamin B12 source because the level of vitamin B12 in plants varies widely depending on the type of plant and the soil in which it is grown.
	www.vrg.org /nutrition/b12.htm (1135 words)

	Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)
		Vitamin B12 is the general term which covers a group of compounds called corrinoids, which resemble haem, but contain the mineral cobalt instead of iron in the centre of a complex ring structure.
		The free B12 then binds to intrinsic factor (produced in the stomach) and travels to the ileum, where it is liberated and attaches to special receptor cells on the brush border.
		Vitamin B12 deficiency can occur in vegans, people who have had part of their small intestine surgically removed, or people who have diseases, including Crohn's Disease, which inhibit absorption.
	www.vnv.org.au /Nutrients/VitaminB12.htm (689 words)

	vitamin b12, vitamin b12 deficiency, sub-lingual vitamin b12
		Vitamin B12 is bound to the protein in food.
		Vitamin B12 must be separated from protein in food before it can bind with intrinsic factor and be absorbed by your body.
		A deficiency of vitamin B12, folate, or vitamin B6 may increase your blood level of homocysteine, an amino acid normally found in your blood.
	www.discount-vitamins-herbs.net /vitamin_b12.htm (1350 words)

	Vitamin B12 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Vitamin B12 is usually absorbed from the gut from the fermentation of intrinsic factor by intestinal flora.
		Vitamin B12 deficiency is associated with a decrease of reduced glutathione, needed for cell defense against pathogens (viruses, bacteria, fungi) and toxins.
		Vitamin B12 is found in algae, peas, clover, alfalfa, mustard, egg yolk, chedder cheese, sardines, herring, anchovies, calve's liver, haddock, salmon, and cow's milk.
	www.strokedoctor.com /vitamin_b12.htm (1811 words)

	Vitamin B-12 (cobalamin) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Vitamin B12 functions as a methyl donor and works with folic acid in the synthesis of DNA and red blood cells and is vitally important in maintaining the health of the insulation sheath (myelin sheath) that surrounds nerve cells.
		Vitamin B12 deficiency is associated with the development of megaloblastic anemia, mental dysfunction, and dementia resembling Alzheimer's disease.
		Vitamin B6 levels rose from 75 nmol/L to about 250 nmol/L in the supplemented groups and vitamin B12 levels rose from about 300 picomol/L to 525 picomol/L. The researchers conclude that a daily dose of 400 micrograms of folic acid combined with vitamins B6 and B12 will normalize homocysteine levels in heart disease patients.
	www.yourhealthbase.com /vitamin_B12.html (7676 words)

	Vitamin B12 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Vitamin B12, also called Cobalamin or Cyanocobalamin, is one of the B complex vitamins.
		B12 works with other B nutrients to control excess homocysteine levels, which is associcated with an increased risk of heart disease, stroke and other diseases.
		Vitamin B12 is found in all foods of animal origin, (Liver, beef, pork, eggs, herring, mackerel, milk, cheese (especially blue cheese), tofu, seafood).
	www.advanced-vitamin-formulas.com /vitamin_B12.html (309 words)

	Vitamin B12 Information
		Vitamin B12 is important for good health, necessary for the proper digestion and absorption of foods and for normal metabolism of carbohydrates, and fat.
		Vitamin B12 was isolated from a liver extracted in 1948 and identified as the nutritional factor in liver that prevented pernicious anemia, a deadly type of anemia characterized by large, immature red blood cells.
		Vitamin B12 functions as a "methyl donor." A methyl donor is a compound that carries and donates methyl groups to other molecules, including cell membrane components and neurotransmitters.
	www.healthandfitnessforums.com /vitaminb12.html (360 words)

	Vitamin B12 - Ask the Dietitian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Pernicious anemia is caused by a deficiency of vitamin B 12.
		The amount of vitamin B 12 your body stores is dependent on the amount of vitamin B 12 rich foods you eat.
		In the case of someone having their stomach removed, vitamin B 12 can be administered by injection which must be continued every three weeks for the remainder of life.
	www.dietitian.com /vitaminb12.html (387 words)

	Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin) Benefits - Deficiency - Food Sources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		This vitamin is also secreted in breast milk for the use of babies.
		This vitamin is also involved in many vital metabolic,and enzymatic processes, including the metabolism of folic acid.
		Vitamin B12 is unique amongst vitamins in that it is mostly found in foods of animal origin.
	www.vitaminsdiary.com /vitamin-b12.htm (602 words)

	Information about Vitamin B12
		Vitamin B12 (also called cobalamin) was the last vitamin to be identified, and has since become one of the most popular, having been attributed a wide range of crucial roles.
		Vitamin B12 deficiency can lead to serious symptoms including nerve damage, weakening of the muscles, depression, failing memory (people with Alzheimer’s often have low levels of it), fatigue, anemia, and stunted growth in children.
		Vitamin B12 should be taken with folic acid because they work synergistically.
	www.nutritional-supplement-info.com /vitamin-b12.html (637 words)

	Vitamin B12
		Vitamin B12 is also essential for the transport and storage of folate in cells and for conversion to its active form.
		Vitamin B12 deficiency leads to a loss of nerve-insulating myelin which begins at the peripheral nerves and eventually moves up to the spine causing decreased reflexes, abnormal gait, weakness, fatigue, poor vision and impaired touch or pain sensation.
		Vitamin B12 deficiency causes poor cell formation in the digestive tract and leads to nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, poor absorption of food, soreness of the mouth and tongue, and diarrhea.
	www.althealth.co.uk /services/info/supplements/vitamin_b12_1.php (1958 words)

	Vitamin B12
		Vitamin B12 is is a water-soluble vitamin needed for normal nerve cell activity, DNA replication, and production of the mood-affecting substance SAMe (S-adenosyl-L-methionine).
		Significant vitamin B12 deficiency is associated with a doubled risk of severe depression, according to a study of physically disabled older women.
		Although blood levels of vitamin B12 may be higher in alcoholics, actual body stores of vitamin B12 in the tissues (e.g., the liver) of alcoholics is frequently deficient.
	www.pccnaturalmarkets.com /health/Supp/Vitamin_B12.htm (1856 words)

	Vitamins : Cyanocobalamin, Cobalamin (Vitamin B12)
		Vitamin B12, also called cyanocobalamin or cobalamin, is one of eight water-soluble B vitamins.
		Vitamin B12 is mostly absorbed in the terminal ileum.
		Similar to other B complex vitamins, cobalamine is considered an "anti-stress" vitamin because it is believed to enhance the activity of the immune system and improve the body's ability to withstand stressful conditions.
	www.greatvistachemicals.com /vitamins-vitamin/cyanocobalamin-cobalamin.html (766 words)

	Vitamin B12 - cyanocobamin and cobolamin - information page. All about Vitamin B12 (also known as cyanocobamin and ...
		Vitamin B 12, known as cyanocobalamin, cobolamin and also known as the energy vitamin is a very widely researched vitamin, and used in supplementation to a very large degree.
		Vitamin B12 can not be manufactured by any plants, and therefore is only found in animal products - therefore a deficiency may happens to people on a strict vegan diet.
		Vitamin B12 is present in liver, organ meat, muscle meat, shellfish, eggs, cheese, fish, and can be manufactured in the body.
	www.anyvitamins.com /vitamin-b12-cyanocobamin-info.htm (696 words)

	Cyanocobalamin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The chemical structure of the molecule was determined by Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin and her team in 1956, based on crystallographic data.
		The production of intrinsic factor in the stomach is vital to absorption of this vitamin.
		However, when given in oral doses ranging from 1000-2000 mcg daily, B12 can be absorbed in a pathway that does not require an intact ileum or intrinsic factor.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Vitamin_B12 (582 words)

	[No title]
		Almost 40% of the U.S. population is deficient in vitamin B12 according to a recent study from Tufts University in Boston and a vast majority of them are completely unaware.
		Vitamin B12 deficiency is VERY common, almost universal, in strict vegetarians and vegans.
		Intranasal B12 is also available, but unless you have a prescription card I would not recommend it, as it VERY expensive.
	www.mercola.com /2000/aug/27/vitamin_b12_deficiency.htm (753 words)

	Vitamin B12 Deficiency - Vitacost (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Strict vegans generally develop a dietary deficiency of vitamin B12, but it is often many years before a deficiency becomes severe enough to cause symptoms or to be diagnosed.
		People with a vitamin B12 deficiency due to a malabsorption condition must have an appropriate treatment tailored to their individual needs by a healthcare professional.
		In older people who have inadequate absorption of vitamin B12 from food due to low stomach acid, prevention of deficiency can be achieved with small amounts of supplemental vitamin B12 found in B-complex and multivitamins.
	www.vitacost.com /science/hn/Concern/Vitamin_B12_Deficiency.htm (1559 words)

	The three dimensional structure of vitamin B12
		Vitamin B12, cyanocobalamine, helps protect nerves and is involved in the formation of red blood cells in thee bone marrow.
		Vitamin B12 is also concerned in the biosynthesis of methyl groups of choline and methionine.
		Vitamin B12 is produced by the growth of certain micro-organisms and also occurs in the liver.
	www.chem.ox.ac.uk /mom/vitamins/vitaminb12.html (99 words)

	Vitamin B12 and the Hallelujah Diet
		Vitamin B12 is found in all animal products (liver, muscle flesh, eggs, and dairy products are sources, in order from richest to poorest sources).
		While serum vitamin B12 levels may still be normal for several more years, the body, especially the central nervous system, may be deficient at the cellular level.
		All people produce B12 in their colon, but this is not available for the body since B12 is absorbed in the small intestine.
	www.chetday.com /b12.html (2229 words)

	Vitamin B12 Side Effects, Interactions and Warnings
		The eruption failed to respond to the usual treatment regimens for rosacea, but promptly improved when use of the vitamin supplement was discontinued.
		Deterioration of acne vulgaris or eruption of an acneiform exanthema could be established during treatment with vitamin B6 and/or vitamin B12 in 14 patients.
		The clinical appearance of acneiform exanthema occurring during treatment with vitamin B6 or B12 consists of loosely disseminated small papules or papulopustules on the face (especially on the forehead and chin), on the upper parts of the back and chest and spreading to the upper arm.
	www.personalhealthzone.com /vitamins_supplements/vitamin_b_12_side_effects.html (328 words)

	Vitamin B12
		B12 is the only vitamin that is not recognised as being reliably supplied from a varied wholefood, plant-based diet with plenty of fruit and vegetables, together with exposure to sun.
		Two subgroups of vegans are at particular risk of B12 deficiency: long-term vegans who avoid common fortified foods (such as raw food vegans or macrobiotic vegans) and breastfed infants of vegan mothers whose own intake of B12 is low.
		A blood B12 level measurement is a very unreliable test for vegans, particularly for vegans using any form of algae.§ Algae and some other plant foods contain B12-analogues (false B12) that can imitate true B12 in blood tests while actually interfering with B12 metabolism.
	www.vegansociety.com /html/food/nutrition/b12 (2113 words)

	Vitamin B12, Linus Pauling Institute's Micronutrient Information Center
		Although anemia is often a symptom, the condition is actually the end stage of an autoimmune inflammation of the stomach, resulting in destruction of stomach cells by one's own antibodies.
		A case-control study of 164 patients with dementia of Alzheimer's type included 76 cases in which the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease was confirmed by examination of the brain cells after death (16).
		In a sample of adults over the age of 60, men were found to have an average dietary intake of 3.4 mcg/day and women 2.6 mcg/day (5).
	lpi.oregonstate.edu /infocenter/vitamins/vitaminB12 (3349 words)

	Vitamin B12 recommendations for total-vegetarians
		For those who have been philosophically committed to the notion that a strict vegan diet can and will give you everything you need, we have a warning: Vitamin B12 is a material essential for your optimal health, and a strict vegan diet may not be providing this vitamin at adequate levels for you.
		Since that time, research has established that vitamin B12 is required for a number of important functions, including the synthesis of thymidylate—a substance necessary for DNA synthesis.
		Even the small amounts of B12 commonly found in the nodules of organically-grown root vegetables, and the small amounts produced by the bacteria in our own mouths, may be enough to sustain many of us.
	www.healthpromoting.com /Articles/articles/b12.htm (1178 words)

	Vitamin B12 Article
		Vitamin B12 is the only vitamin that contains a trace element - cobalt - which gives this vitamin its chemical name - cobalamin - which is at the centre of its molecular structure.
		Just because there is a low level of B12 in the bloodstream, this does not mean that there is a deficiency in the body as a whole, it may well be being utilised by the living cells (such as the central nervous system).
		These minimum vitamin requirements may be inadequate to explain the needs of a healthy raw food vegan, for example, who may require less B12 due to an improved gastric ability and a high ability to recycle vitamin B12.
	www.living-foods.com /articles/b12issue.html (2866 words)

	Vegan Diet: Vitamin B12
		Vitamin B12 is essential for good health and is a vital element in any healthy vegan diet plan.
		B12 is the only vitamin that is not supplied by a varied wholefood, plant-based diet, together with exposure to sun.
		Note: tempeh, miso, and sea vegetables are not reliable sources of vitamin B12 for vegans, due to the effects of food processing.
	www.vegetarian-diet.info /vegan-diet-vitamin-b12.htm (328 words)

	Vitamin B12 Deficiency
		B12 and folate are B complex vitamins that are necessary for normal red blood cell formation, tissue and cellular repair, and DNA synthesis.
		Since the body stores 3 to 5 years worth of B12 and several months’ supply of folate in the liver, deficiencies and their associated symptoms can take months to years to manifest in adults.
		Decreased levels of B12 or folate may be seen with chronic disorders such as liver or kidney disease, alcoholism, and with medications such as phenytoin (an anti-seizure medication), metformin (diabetic therapy), or methotrexate (an arthritis treatment).
	www.labtestsonline.org /understanding/conditions/vitaminb12.html (299 words)

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