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Topic: Vitamin E

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	Linus Pauling Institute at Oregon State University
		Alpha-tocopherol is the only form of vitamin E that is actively maintained in the human body and is therefore, the form of vitamin E found in the largest quantities in the blood and tissue (1).
		Although true vitamin E deficiency is rare, suboptimal intake of vitamin E is relatively common in the U.S. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III (NHANES III) examined the dietary intake and blood levels of alpha-tocopherol in 16,295 multi-ethnic adults over the age of 18.
		However, further breakdown of the risk by vitamin E dose and adjustment for other vitamin and mineral supplements revealed that the increased risk of death was statistically significant only at a dose of 2,000 IU/day, which is higher than the UL for adults.
	lpi.oregonstate.edu /infocenter/vitamins/vitaminE (2478 words)

	Vitamin E - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Vitamin E is often used in skin creams and lotions because it is believed to play a role in encouraging skin healing and reducing scarring after injuries such as burns.
		Antioxidants such as vitamin E act to protect cells against the effects of free radicals, which are potentially damaging by-products of the body's metabolism.
		Vitamin E also may block the formation of nitrosamines, which are carcinogens formed in the stomach from nitrites consumed in the diet.
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /vitamin_e.htm (2026 words)

	- Supplements (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Vitamin E is actually a family of related compounds known as tocopherols and tocotrienols.
		Vitamin E was discovered in the early 1930’s when rats fed a diet free of vegetable oils (the primary dietary source of vitamin E) resulted in reproductive problems.
		High doses of vitamin E have also been linked to a decreased ability of the blood to clot, which may be beneficial in those individuals at risk for heart disease by reducing the risk of heart attack.
	www.supplementwatch.com /supatoz/supplement.asp?supplementId=105 (2137 words)

	Dr. Koop - Vitamin E- Health Encyclopedia and Reference
		Myths about vitamin E have flourished since its birth as an essential nutrient in 1922, with the discovery that rats could not reproduce without it.
		Vitamin E has been hailed as an antidote to aging and air pollution, a beautifier of skin, a promoter of athletic prowess, and a preserver of visual functions.
		An emerging scientific respectability for nutrients that function as antioxidants has elevated the status of vitamin E and prompted some doctors to prescribe it even in the absence of iron-clad proof of its preventive or curative potential.
	www.drkoop.com /encyclopedia/93/326.html (609 words)

	Vitamins : Tocopherol (Vitamin E)
		Vitamin E is an activity concept, like Vitamins A and D, rather than a single substance.
		Vitamin E activity is found in the oil fraction of most vegetable foods, and is generally extracted from soya, corn, or safflower oils for supplementation purposes.
		Vitamin E is actually an umbrella term for a group of compounds called tocopherols and tocotrienols.
	www.greatvistachemicals.com /vitamins-vitamin/tocopherol-vitamin-e.html (588 words)

	Vitamin E (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Support for the role of vitamin E in heart disease prevention has come from observational studies, particularly 2 cohort studies which were published in 1993.
		Each study was a prospective study that measured vitamin E consumption in presumably healthy people and followed them for several years to determine how many of them were diagnosed with, or died as a result of heart disease.
		Vitamin E may also protect against the development of cancers by enhancing immune function (6).
	www.healingdaily.com /detoxification-diet/vitamin-e.htm (2414 words)

	vitamin E (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Vitamin E also helps in the formation of red blood cells and facilitates the use of the trace mineral selenium and vitamins A and K. Vitamin E is actually an umbrella term for a group of compounds called tocopherols and tocotrienols.
		Animal studies indicate that vitamin E protects against cataracts, a clouding of the lens of the eye that is a leading cause of blindness in older people.
		Vitamin E appears to be safe when consumed in amounts up to 1,000 IU a day, although diarrhea and headaches have been reported in some people.
	www.wholehealthmd.com /refshelf/substances_view/1,1525,906,00.html (2763 words)

	ACS :: Vitamin E
		Vitamin E deficiency is rare, and occurs almost exclusively in people with an inherited or acquired condition that impairs their ability to absorb this vitamin.
		Vitamin E is also used to protect against the effects of pollution and overexposure to the sun and to lessen the risk of developing cataracts.
		Vitamin E is an antioxidant, a compound that blocks the action of activated oxygen molecules, known as free radicals.
	www.cancer.org /docroot/ETO/content/ETO_5_3X_Vitamin_E.asp?sitearea=ETO (1770 words)

	Vitamin E
		Antioxidants such as vitamin E act to protect your cells against the effects of free radicals, which are potentially damaging by-products of the body's metabolism.
		Vitamin E also may block the formation of nitrosamines, which are carcinogens formed in the stomach from nitrites consumed in the diet.
		On the other hand, vitamin E intake was not statistically associated with risk of colon cancer in almost 2,000 adults with cancer who were compared to controls without cancer.
	healthlink.mcw.edu /article/983211401.html (1527 words)

	01-15-04 STUDY FINDS HUGE VARIABILITY IN VITAMIN E ABSORPTION
		It's quite possible, she said, that the manner in which people took vitamin E supplements and the variation in its bioavailability from person to person have yielded widely inconsistent results about the value of this nutrient in heart disease and other degenerative diseases.
		Vitamin E has been explored in recent years for its potential value in prevention of heart disease, cancer, Alzheimer's disease and other health concerns.
		Vitamin E is an important antioxidant that prevents oxidation of polyunsaturated fats in membranes and lipoproteins, including the LDL and HDL forms of cholesterol.
	oregonstate.edu /dept/ncs/newsarch/2004/Jan04/cereal.htm (938 words)

	vitamin: vitamin E (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Vitamin E may protect the liver and the rest of the body against environmental pollutants such as ozone and other constituents of smog.
		Vitamin E may interfere with vitamin K. • Reports of infant deaths in 1983 due to parenteral administration of vitamin E were found to be related to the solubilizing agent polysorbate instead of vitamin E. This compound was subsequently banned.
		During vitamin E therapy the increase in muscle vitamin E content was proportional to the degree of clinical improvement.
	www.ibismedical.com /vitamine.html (2722 words)

	Sloan-Kettering - Vitamin E
		The major function of vitamin E is to act as a free-radical scavenger, meaning that it neutralizes free radicals and protects cells from their damaging effects.
		Natural vitamin E supplements that are derived from plant oils contain d-alpha-tocopherol (which is believed to be the active form), while synthetic vitamin E supplements are a mixture of d-alpha-tocopherol and l-alpha-tocopherol (inactive).
		Vitamin E enrichment of endothelial cells down regulates the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), thereby decreasing the adhesion of blood cell components to the endothelium.
	www.mskcc.org /mskcc/html/11571.cfm?RecordID=476&tab=HC (3209 words)

	Gale Encyclopedia of Alternative Medicine: Vitamin E
		Vitamin E is an antioxidant responsible for proper functioning of the immune system and for maintaining healthy eyes and skin.
		Vitamin E is a known antioxidant, and has been associated with a reduced risk of gastrointestinal, cervical, prostate, lung, and possibly breast cancer.
		Vitamin E is thought to increase an individual's tolerance to UV rays when taken as a supplement in conjunction with vitamin C.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_g2603/is_0007/ai_2603000729 (1005 words)

	Vitamin E - MayoClinic.com
		Vitamin E deficiency is rare, and may occur in people with diminished fat absorption through the gut (due to surgery, Crohn's disease, or cystic fibrosis), malnutrition, very low-fat diets, several specific genetic conditions (abetalipoproteinemia, "Ataxia and Vitamin E deficiency" [AVED]), very low birth weight premature infants, or infants taking unfortified formulas.
		Vitamin E has been studied in the management of tardive dyskinesia, and has been reported to significantly improve abnormal involuntary movements, although the results of existing studies are not conclusive enough to form a clear recommendation.
		Numerous studies of vitamin E oral supplementation have suggested no benefits in the prevention of cardiovascular disease, and there is recent evidence to suggest that regular use of high-dose vitamin E increases the risk of death (from "all causes") by a small amount.
	www.mayoclinic.com /health/vitamin-e/NS_patient-vitamine/FLUSHCACHE=0&UPDATEAPP=false (4446 words)

	Ask the Dietitian - by Joanne Larsen MS RD LD - Vitamin E
		The Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) of vitamin E is 10 milligrams for the adult male and 8 milligrams for the adult female.
		Vitamin E does combine with oxygen which is beneficial to polyunsaturated fats and vitamin A.
		Vitamin E is so widespread in foods that it is difficult to produce a deficiency in humans.
	www.dietitian.com /vitamine.html (297 words)

	Vitamin E
		Vitamin E in supplements is usually sold as alpha-tocopheryl acetate, a form of alpha-tocopherol that protects its ability to function as an antioxidant.
		Vitamin E deficiency is usually characterized by neurological problems associated with nerve degeneration in hands and feet [5].
		Antioxidants such as vitamin E are believed to help protect cell membranes against the damaging effects of free radicals, which may contribute to the development of chronic diseases such as cancer [4].
	ods.od.nih.gov /factsheets/vitamine.asp (3336 words)

	Vitamin E – tocopherol - information page. All about vitamin E (also known as tocopherol) and the role it plays in ...
		Vitamin E is an essential fat-soluble vitamin that includes eight naturally occurring compounds in two classes designated as tocopherols and tocotrienols.
		Vitamin E is lost in food processing which includes milling, cooking, freezing, long storage periods and when exposed to air.
		Vitamin E should not be taken together with inorganic iron supplements as it may destroy the vitamin, while organic iron, such as ferrous gluconate and ferrous fumarate does not affect the vitamin.
	www.anyvitamins.com /vitamin-e-info.htm (848 words)

	Vitamin E Lowers C-Reactive Protein and IL-6 - Articles
		Vitamin E is produced by many different plant species and is usually found concentrated in the seed, the germ and other oil-bearing fractions.
		When vitamin E is esterified (stabilized) by the addition of a ligand, such as succinic acid or acetic acid, the chemical name changes from tocopherol to tocopheryl, as in d-alpha-tocopheryl succinate and d-alphatocopheryl acetate.
		At the cellular level, vitamin E acts by inhibiting smooth muscle cell proliferation, platelet aggregation, monocyte adhesion, the uptake of oxidized LDL and cytokine production, all effects which are not the result of the antioxidant activity of the tocopherols, but rather of targeted molecular actions of this family of compounds.
	articles.mercola.com /sites/articles/archive/2000/11/05/vitamin-e-heart.aspx (2101 words)

	Vitamin E \| AHealthyMe.com
		Vitamin E captured the attention of cardiologists in 1993, when a Harvard University study showed that men who took vitamin E had a 35 percent lower risk of heart disease than those who didn't take the supplement.
		Vitamin E is most commonly found in small amounts in vegetable oils, nuts, fatty fish such as tuna and salmon, whole grains, and dark, leafy vegetables.
		Vitamin E often doesn't survive long periods of storage, so don't count on getting much from that jar of wheat germ that's been sitting in the back of your fridge for a year.
	www.ahealthyme.com /topic/topic13951 (1013 words)

	Vitamin E - Natural Supplements from Whole Health Products
		Vitamin E has received important recent attention with the release of two important Harvard Medical School studies which showed that the addition of 100IU or more of vitamin E per day resulted in a reduction by 40% of the risk of heart disease.
		Vitamin E is also a powerful antioxidant who's antioxidant properties are enhanced by adding other antioxidants (selenium is a particularly good companion, as the combination produces glutathione peroxidase, an excellent antioxidant, protection from atherosclerosis and Alzheimer's disease.
		One of the theories about Vitamin E is that, in high dosages, it may reduce the effectiveness of other antioxidants or, worse, become a pro-oxidant and increase the levels of harmful molecules in the body.
	www.health-pages.com /ve (1247 words)

	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Vitamin E
		Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin that acts as an antioxidant.
		Vitamin E is also important in the formation of red blood cells and helps the body to use vitamin K.
		The ability of vitamin E to prevent cancer, heart disease, dementia, liver disease, and stroke are still not known.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/002406.htm (394 words)

	Information and Research on tocopherols and tocotrienols
		A new high-potency vitamin E oil supplies the full family of tocopherols and tocotrienols in their natural unesterified form in a base of almond and grape seed oil.
		The first one, conducted in the Netherlands, concluded that vitamin E from food, but not other antioxidants, may be associated with a reduced risk.
		High intake of vitamin E by the mothers was associated with lower risk of asthma and atopic disease.
	www.vitamine-factor.com (1759 words)

	All Natural Form Vitamin E, Water Soluble, antioxidant, 400 IU
		Vitamin E is an essential fat-soluble vitamin that helps keep the important chemicals in your body from oxidizing or breaking down.
		Vitamin E is one of nature’s most important single antioxidants and is considered to be the master vitamin that provides support to the lipid portions of our cells, such as the cell membranes.
		Vitamin E is especially valuable for tissues that require lots of oxygen, such as the heart, brain and sex glands.
	www.cybervitamins.com /vitae.htm (873 words)

	WHFoods: vitamin E
		Vitamin E has sometimes been described as the "lightening rod" of the cell, allowing reactive molecules to strike the cell, like lightening, without causing damage.
		Increasing vitamin E intake to the amount consumed by those in the top group would not be difficult since the actually difference in the amount of vitamin E-rich foods the two extremes consumed was small-the equivalent of a single daily serving of spinach or a handful of almonds.
		To help protect their vitamin E content, vegetables oils like olive oil, sunflower seed oil, and peanut oil should be kept in tightly capped containers to avoid unnecessary exposure to air.
	www.whfoods.com /genpage.php?tname=nutrient&dbid=111 (2258 words)

	Vitamin E
		Foods that contain small amounts of vitamin E but are not considered good sources can contribute significant amounts of vitamin E to an individual's diet if these foods are eaten often or in large amounts.
		Vitamin E can be lost from foods during cooking, processing, or storage.
		Most ready-to-eat cereals are fortified with vitamin E. Fortified ready-to-eat cereals usually contain at least 40 percent of the U.S. RDA for vitamin E. Since cereals vary, check the label on the package for the percentage of the U.S. RDA for a specific cereal.
	www.hoptechno.com /book29b.htm (746 words)

	PROVET HEALTHCARE INFORMATION - Vitamin E (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Vitamin E is an important essential dietary constituent for cats, dogs and all other pets
		Vitamin E is present in many foods (eg vegetable oils, cereal products, green plants, liver and eggs) as tocopherols or tocotrienols and the amount needed by an individual increases if fat intake in the food increases.
		In the body vitamin E is stored in the liver and all body tissues.
	www.provet.co.uk /petfacts/healthtips/vitamine.htm (246 words)

	VITAMIN E (TOCOPHEROLS AND TOCOTRIENOLS)
		Vitamin E refers to a family of eight molecules having a chromanol ring (chroman ring with an alcoholic hydroxyl group) and a 12-carbon aliphatic side chain containing two methyl groups in the middle and two more methyl groups at the end.
		The anti-oxidant activity of Vitamin E is based on the ease with which the hydrogen on the hydroxyl group of the chroman ring can be donated to neutralize a free radical (creating a more stabile tocopheroxyl radical).
		Vitamin E was shown to prevent cancer and DNA damage in laboratory rat kidneys subjected to iron-mediated peroxidation [CANCER RESEARCH; Zhang, D; 57:2410-2414 (1997)] and may be of value in prevention of colon cancer by the use of supplements [CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY, BIOMARKERS and PREVENTION; White, E; 6:769-774 (1997)].
	www.benbest.com /nutrceut/VitaminE.html (2338 words)

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