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Topic: Vitamin K

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	Linus Pauling Institute at Oregon State University
		The only known biological role of vitamin K is that of the required coenzyme for a vitamin K-dependent carboxylase that catalyzes the carboxylation of the amino acid, glutamic acid, resulting in its conversion to gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) (4).
		Vitamin K and childhood leukemia: Controversy arose regarding the routine use of vitamin K injections for newborns in the early 1990s when two retrospective studies were published that suggested the possibility of an association between vitamin K injections in newborns and the development of childhood leukemia and other forms of childhood cancer.
		Investigators found that women whose vitamin K intake was in the lowest quintile (1/5) had a 30% higher risk of hip fracture than women with vitamin K intakes in the highest four quintiles (21).
	lpi.oregonstate.edu /infocenter/vitamins/vitaminK (3018 words)

	MedlinePlus Herbs and Supplements: Vitamin K
		Vitamin K1 (phytonadione) is the natural form of vitamin K, which is found in plants, and provides the primary source of vitamin K to humans through dietary consumption.
		Vitamin K2 compounds (menaquinones) are made by bacteria in the human gut, and provide a smaller amount of the human vitamin K requirement.
		Vitamin K is occasionally used to reverse warfarin before surgical procedures, although high doses are generally avoided because of the resulting delay in re-anticoagulation after the procedure.For minor procedures such as tooth extractions, some eye operations, or biopsies, reversal may not be necessary if the INR is 2.5 or lower.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/druginfo/natural/patient-vitamink.html (4060 words)

	Vitamin K
		Vitamin K is found in several forms: Vitamin K-1 (Phylloquinone), the form occurring naturally in plants; Vitamin K-2 (Menaquinone), the form produced by intestinal bacteria and also derived from putrefied fish meal; synthetic vitamin K (Menadione).
		Vitamin K is integrally involved in the clotting mechanism of blood.
		Vitamin K occurs in the liver as inactive vitamin K epioxide.
	www.springboard4health.com /notebook/v_k.html (918 words)

	THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 1, Ch. 3, Vitamin Deficiency, Dependency, And Toxicity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Vitamin K is a generic term for derivatives of 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone that have coagulation activity.
		Vitamin K participates in the conversion of 10-12 glutamic acid residues in precursor coagulation proteins (eg, prothrombin precursor) to their active forms (eg, prothrombin) by the addition of carbon dioxide (carboxylation; see Fig.
		Adults are protected from a lack of vitamin K because vitamin K is widely distributed in plant and animal tissues, the vitamin K cycle conserves the vitamin, and the microbiologic flora of the normal gut synthesizes menaquinones.
	www.merck.com /pubs/mmanual/section1/chapter3/3h.htm (1279 words)

	vitamin K
		Vitamin K (its reduced form) is necessary for post-translational modification of coagulation factors II (prothrombin), VII, IX and X in the liver.
		Vitamin K1 (MW: 450.7) is a yellow viscous oil with a maximum absorbance at 248 nm (molar abs coeff.:19900, the same for menaquinones), soluble in ethanol, hexane, chloroform and vegetable oils.
		The K vitamins are subject to side-chain structural isomerization, and naturally occurring K1 is found exclusively as the biologically active 2'-trans-isomer.
	www.cyberlipid.org /vitk/vitk0001.htm (779 words)

	Symmetry Corporation USA
		Vitamin K was found to be essential when its role in the synthesis of several blood coagulation factors was determined.
		Vitamin K is also necessary for the synthesis of a protein that may help regulate blood calcium levels.
		Vitamin K has a key role in the synthesis of at least two proteins involved in calcium and bone metabolism.
	www.symmetrydirect.com /info/vitamin-k.htm (475 words)

	Vitamin K
		Vitamin K is a necessary participant in synthesis of several proteins that mediate both coagulation and anticoagulation.
		Vitamin K deficiency is manifest as a tendency to bleed excessively.
		Vitamin K serves as an essential cofactor for a carboxylase that catalyzes carboxylation of glutamic acid residues on vitamin K-dependent proteins.
	arbl.cvmbs.colostate.edu /hbooks/pathphys/misc_topics/vitamink.html (848 words)

	Vitamin K - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Vitamin K ("Koagulation" in German) is a group name for a number of related compounds, which have in common a methylated naphthoquinone ring structure, and which vary in the aliphatic side chain attached at the 3-position (see figure 1).
		Vitamin K is involved in the carboxylation of certain glutamate residues in proteins to form gamma-carboxyglutamate residues (abbreviated Gla-residues).
		The first published report of successful treatment with vitamin K of life-threatening hemorrhage in a jaundiced patient with prothrombin deficiency was made in 1938 at the University of Iowa Department of Pathology by Drs.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Vitamin_K (1088 words)

	Vitamin K information page. All about vitamin K and the role it plays in your diet. (via CobWeb/3.1 ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Vitamin K can be produced in the intestines and this function is improved with the presence of cultured milk, like yogurt, in the diet, Vitamin K is classified as a fat-soluble vitamin.
		Vitamin K is used in the body to control blood clotting and is essential for synthesizing the liver protein that controls the clotting.
		Vitamin K is found in leafy vegetables, cheese and liver.
	www.anyvitamins.com.cob-web.org:8888 /vitamin-k-info.htm (585 words)

	Vitamin K Regulated Diet
		Vitamin K is essential for the proper formation of blood clots in the body.
		Vitamin K is a forerunner of prothrombin and is used by the liver to make prothrombin.
		Some of the vitamin K the body uses is produced by bacteria in the digestive tract, but most comes from food.
	www.endowsec.com /pated/edtot39.htm (382 words)

	Vitamin K — Vitamin K Requirements - lifeclinic.com
		About half of the vitamin K necessary for good health is supplied by bacteria living in the intestine, but dietary consumption of vitamin K is also important.
		Vitamin K deficiency in adults is rare but it may occur in people with conditions such as cystic fibrosis and celiac disease whose bodies cannot absorb vitamins from foods properly.
		Vitamin K toxicity is also rare, but you should not take doses of more than 500 micrograms without talking to your doctor.
	www.lifeclinic.com /focus/nutrition/vitamin-k.asp (423 words)

	Vitamin K for Health
		Vitamin K is known to be needed to coagulate blood and to maintain proper bone density.
		Dietary vitamin K is highest in leafy green vegetables such as lettuce, kale, broccoli and collard greens.
		I suspect a lack of vitamin K is a factor in some at least some cases of MVP, and that both conditions are often linked to nutritional deficiencies that may have an inherited component.
	www.ctds.info /vitamink.html (1685 words)

	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Vitamin K
		Vitamin K is a fat-soluble vitamin that plays an important role in blood clotting.
		Vitamin K is known as the clotting vitamin, because without it blood would not clot.
		Vitamin K deficiency is very rare and occurs when there is an inability to absorb the vitamin from the intestinal tract.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/002407.htm (420 words)

	Vitamin K
		Vitamin K is important for proper blood clotting or coagulation in humans.
		Without vitamin K, the level of the blood clotting proteins in the blood is reduced and clotting time is prolonged.
		Since natural vitamin K is fat soluble, it requires bile and pancreatic juice in the intestine for maximum absorption.
	www.evitamins.com /product.asp?pid=1897 (336 words)

	Vitamin K - Ask the Dietitian (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.virginia.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Recommended Dietary Allowances for Vitamin K for adult males is 80 mcg and for adult females 65 mcg.
		Foods high in Vitamin K are: green leafy vegetables (spinach, kale), liver and is produced by bacteria in your intestines.
		Vitamin K content of food is not known with a degree of accuracy to be listed on food labels.
	www.dietitian.com.cob-web.org:8888 /vitamink.html (549 words)

	vitamin: Vitamin K
		Vitamin K consists of substances that are essential for the clotting of blood.
		Vitamin K is required for the synthesis in the liver of several blood clotting factors, including prothrombin.
		Coumarin derivatives, used in medicine to prevent blood coagulation in certain cases, act by antagonizing the action of vitamin K. In the deficiency state an abnormal length of time is needed for the blood to clot, and there may be hemorrhaging in various tissues.
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/sci/A0861828.html (225 words)

	Vitamin K
		Vitamin K is used to reduce risk of bleeding in liver disease, jaundice, malabsorption, or in association with long-term use of aspirin or antibiotics.
		Vitamin K deficiency is linked to osteoporosis because low levels have been found in those with the condition.
		Vitamin K is excreted in breast milk, and crosses the placenta.
	www.brainybrawn.com /IMCAccess/ConsSupplements/VitaminKcs.html (1374 words)

	Vitamin K: Another Reason To Eat Your Greens (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Vitamin K analysis is conducted under yellow light because the nutrient is sensitive to photooxidation.
		She is in the Vitamin K Laboratory at the Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University in Boston.
		She and her colleagues estimated vitamin K intake from 14-day food intake diaries of a nationwide sample of about 2,000 households.
	www.ars.usda.gov /is/AR/archive/jan00/green0100.htm (977 words)

	Vitamin K - Vitacost (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Vitamin K is used by doctors when treating an overdose of the drug warfarin.
		A vitamin K deficiency, which causes uncontrolled bleeding, is rare, except in people with certain malabsorption diseases.
		Vitamin K facilitates the effects of calcium in building bone and proper blood clotting.
	www.vitacost.com /science/hn/Supp/Vitamin_K.htm (890 words)

	Le Magazine, February 2000 - Report: Vitamin K
		In another study, vitamin K was 80% as effective as vitamin E in preventing the oxidation of linoleic acid (a polyunsaturated fatty acid).
		Vitamin K gets away with its dual personality because blood aggregation is different from coagulation, and coagulation is such a complex process.
		Vitamin K is not toxic in high doses, and unlike other fat-soluble vitamins it does not accumulate in the body.
	www.lef.org /magazine/mag2000/feb00-report.html (4187 words)

	Vitamin K
		Vitamin K prophylaxis is meant to prevent hemorrhagic disease of the newborn, which doesn't manifest itself normally in the first day of life, but rather after many days or even weeks.
		We suggest that the low vitamin K level is a secondary protective mechanism for xenobiotics, such as BP, that may escape the primary placental screen.
		Vitamin K encourages clotting, and thus there is some concern among parents with FVL about giving their newborns the prophylactic vitamin K bolus.
	www.radmid.demon.co.uk /vitk.htm (4901 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Vitamin K is absolutely essential to build strong bones -- and it is proven to prevent heart disease.
		Vitamin K2 is a newly available extract of natto that provides the highly bioavailable form of vitamin K2 as menaquinone MK-7.
		Vitamin K3, or menadione (that I do not recommend) is manmade and is generally regarded as toxic because it generates free radicals.
	www.mercola.com /forms/vitamin_k2.htm (2117 words)

	Administration of Vitamin K to Newborns - from Ronnie Falcão's Midwife Archives
		The purpose of vitamin K is to increase the clotting factors for a newborn.
		Given the study that claims that vitamin K levels are not associated with clotting factors, it might be that the best thing parents can do to prevent hemorrhage in newborns is to insist that their babies be allowed to get all their blood back from the placenta after birth.
		The Vitamin K forms suitable for newborns are forms of Vitamin K1 (Phytonadione), available in injectable or oral forms: as Mephyton for oral use, or as aquamephyton or konakion for injectable use.
	www.gentlebirth.org /archives/vitktop.html (4228 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The vitamin K injections administered by hospitals to newborns are synthetic and may contain benzyl alcohol as a preservative.
		The vitamin K that I recommend is the natural vitamin K1 and it comes in a liquid form for a very reasonable price.
		K. Hogenbirk et al., "The effect of formula versus breast feeding and exogenous vitamin K1 supplementation on circulating levels of vitamin K1 and vitamin K-dependent clotting factors in newborns," Eur J Pediatr 152, no. 1 (Jan 1993): 72-4.
	www.mercola.com /2004/may/26/vitamin_k_injections.htm (1751 words)

	Vitamin K
		This leads to a decrease in Vitamin K-dependent blood coagulation factors, making newborns more susceptible to hemorrhage in the first several days of life until Vitamin K is manufactured in their systems (Cunningham et al.
		If newborns are allowed to suckle soon after birth, the injection of Vitamin K is less necessary, since the colostrum that comes immediately from the mother's breast before her milk lets down is usually rich in Vitamin K (Trevathan 1987:213).
		Symbolically speaking, the standardization of the Vitamin K injection and indeed all the routine procedures performed on the newborn baby reinforce the messages to both baby and mother that nature is inadequate, that they are now dependent on organizations--that is, on techniques--for their lives and health.
	www.birthpsychology.com /messages/vitamink/vitamink.html (576 words)

	Vitamin K definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms
		Vitamin K: One of two naturally occurring fat-soluble vitamins (vitamin K1 and vitamin K2) needed for the clotting of blood because of an essential role in the production of prothrombin (a clotting factor).
		Vitamin K is required (as a cofactor) for the body to make four of the blood's coagulation (clotting) factors: particularly prothrombin and also factors VII, IX, and X. Vitamin K1 is made by plants, whereas vitamin K2 is of bacterial origin and is the important form for people.
		Vitamin K deficiency only rarely occurs because an adequate supply of the vitamin is usually present in the diet and the vitamin is synthesized by bacteria in the intestine.
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=11081 (392 words)

	Vitamin K (Systemic) - MayoClinic.com
		Vitamin K is necessary for normal clotting of the blood.
		Vitamin K is routinely given to newborn infants to prevent bleeding problems.
		However, the use of vitamin K supplements during pregnancy is not recommended because it has been reported to cause jaundice and other problems in the baby.
	www.mayoclinic.com /health/drug-information/DR202599 (1476 words)

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