Vitamin D deficiency during childhood and adolescence might impair the acquisition of peak bone mass at the end of skeletal growth and maturation, thereby increasing the risk of osteoporotic fracture later in life.
Vitamin D is found in milk, as well as in some fortified orange juice, yogurt and cheeses, usually at around 100 international units (IU) a serving.
Vitamin D deficiency is leads to several bone diseases including: Rickets: a childhood disease characterized by failure of growth and deformity of long bones.
Because vitamin C — which I shall refer to as "ascorbate" from here on out — is essential to life and because we cannot produce it, it is known as a vitamin in human metabolism.
Rath M and Pauling L Hypothesis: Lipoprotein(a) is a surrogate for ascorbate Proceedings of the National Acad of Sciences USA 87:6204-07 (1990a),,Rath M and Pauling L Immunological evidence for the accumulation of lipoprotein(a) in the atherosclerotic lesion of the hypoascorbemic guinea pig Proceeding of the National Academy of Sciences USA 87:9388-90 (1990b)
Rath M and Pauling L Solution to the puzzle of human cardiovascular disease: its primary cause is ascorbate deficiency leading to the deposition of lipoprotein (a) and fibrinogen/fibrin in the vascular wall.
Vitamin B is a complex of eight water soluble vitamins, active in cell metabolism.
Since later research has shown it is in fact a complex of chemically distinct vitamins that happen to often coexist in the same foods, the name has gradually declined in use, being replaced by the generic term "the B vitamins", the vitamin B complex, or by the specific names of each vitamin.
As might be expected due to its high content of brewer's yeast, beer is a good source of B vitamins [4], [5], although this may not be true of filtered beers [6], [7]; in fact, beer is sometimes referred to as "liquid bread" [8].
Vitamins were first recognised by the diseases that occur from a lack of certain foods; for example, the British Royal Navy recognised that a constituent of limes prevented scurvy (one result of not having enough vitamin C over an extended period of time), so limes were added to the diet of sailors.
Vitamin D is synthetized by human body, but in quantities that are not always sufficient.
Whatever Happened to Vitamin F? Vitamin F was the designation originally given to essential fatty acids that the body cannot manufacture.
There are two general chemical categories of vitamins based on their solubility: water soluble vitamins (the B vitamins and others) and fat soluble vitamins (A, D, E and K).
Requirements for vitamin D: Since vitamin D3 is produced in the skin after exposure of 7-dehydrocholesterol to sunlight, the human does not have a requirement for vitamin D when sufficient sunlight is available.
Under these conditions, vitamin D becomes a true vitamin which dictates that it must be supplied in the diet on a regular basis.
Vitamin K is used to reduce risk of bleeding in liver disease, jaundice, malabsorption, or in association with long-term use of aspirin or antibiotics.
Babies are sometimes given a vitamin K injection soon after birth, because in certain cases, such as in premature infants, they are at increased risk for bleeding.
Vitamin K is excreted in breast milk, and crosses the placenta.
Studies of supplementation with vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, beta-carotene, folic acid, combinations of these vitamins, or a multiple vitamin were eligible if they reported a) the incidence of or mortality from any invasive cancer other than nonmelanoma skin cancer or b) the incidence of colonic polyps.
In ATBC, the effect of vitamin E supplementation on incidence and mortality from several cancers was examined as part of a planned secondary endpoint analysis.
The SU.VI.MAX study is designed to test the efficacy of a daily supplementation with antioxidant vitamins (vitamin C, 120 mg; vitamin E, 30 mg; and beta-carotene, 6 mg) and minerals (selenium, 100 microg; and zinc, 20 mg) at nutritional doses in reducing mortality from cancers and cardiovascular diseases.
This vitamin is found in foods such as eggs and fish, green leafy vegetables, peas and avocado.
Folic acid is a well known vitamin that is required by the body for pregnancy and lactating, the production and development of red blood cells and the breakdown and utilisation of proteins.
However all the B vitamins should be taken together and never separately, to avoid deficiency symptoms from occuring.
Vitamin A (Retinol) - MayoClinic.com(Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
Recommended daily allowance (RDA) levels for vitamin A oral intake have been established by the U.S. Institute for Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences to prevent deficiencies in vitamin A. At recommended doses, vitamin A is generally considered non-toxic.
Vitamin A deficiency/prevention : The World Health Organization (WHO) has established dosage guidelines for children between 6-11 months-old to receive 100,000 IU of vitamin A. This increases to 200,000 IU every six months from 12 to 59 months of age.
Rodriguez A, Hamer DH, Rivera J, Acosta M, Salgado G, Gordillo M, Cabezas M, Naranjo-Pinto C, Leguisamo J, Gomez D, Fuenmayor G, Jativa E, Guaman G, Estrella B, Sempertegui F. Effects of moderate doses of vitamin A as an adjunct to the treatment of pneumonia in underweight and normal-weight children: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
VITAMIN M(Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
Delta 1-THC is herein named VitaminM. Marijuana, the flowering tops of female Cannabis sativa L., is known to contain a physiologically and psychologically active ruby-red oil that is not soluble in water, but is soluble in alcohols, ethers and other lipid solvents, (1).
The chemical structure of delta 1-THC fits the apparent sequence of fat-soluble vitamin structures between vitamins E and D and is most similar the chemical structures of vitamin E and K, (Fig.2).
Vitamin A, an alcohol metabolite of carotenoid plant pigments, is known to be metabolized to an active aldehyde metabolite, retinene, by a dehydrogenase enzyme and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NAD, and ultimately to a carboxyl metabolite, (2).
Biochemical and molecular biology aspects of function and metabolism of vitamins; biochemical and molecular basis of the relationship between diet, individual nutrients and cancer; causes and prevention of cancer.
Kostetskii, I., Linask, K., and Zile, M.H. Vitamin A deficiency and the expression of retinoic acid receptors during early cardiogenesis in quail embryo.
Halilagic, A., Zile, M. and Studer, M. A novel role for retinoids in patterning the avian forebrain during presomite stages.
Beaulieu, C., Kestekian, R., Havrankova, J. and Gascon-Barré, M.: Calcium is essential in normalizing intolerance to glucose that accompanies vitamin D depletion in vivo.
Frenkel, B., Green, M. Aslam, F., Desai, R., Banerjee, C., Stein, J. Lian, J. and Stein, G. Basal and vitamin D-responsive activity of the rat osteocalcin promoter in stably transfected osteosarcoma cells: Requirement of upstream sequences for control by the proximal regulatory domain.
Haddad, P., Coulombe, P. and Gascon-Barré, M.: Influence of the vitamin D hormonal status on the hepatic response to bromobenzene.
The evidence pertaining to vitamin supplementation and cancer was originally summarized for the USPSTF in a manuscript covering publications through the end of 1999.
The ATBC study was a large clinical trial investigating the effect of alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) and beta-carotene on lung cancer incidence and mortality among male Finnish smokers over an average 6 years of followup.
The studies that have reported an inverse relationship between supplementation of vitamins and risk for specific cancers may be affected by small case numbers and evaluation of multiple endpoints and have yet to be replicated.
While it is true that we do not want to run out of vitamin C, vitamin E, and the other free radical scavengers, it is thought by most that small amounts of vitamins usually prevent that.
Unfortunately, the frequently overlooked fact is that some of these free radical scavengers (notably vitamin C) are destroyed at a rapid rate in tissues overwhelmed by free radicals.
We have to force an honest investigation and the utilization of massive doses of vitamin C. The way that things are now massive doses of vitamin C will not be investigated.
Mercury is not VitaminM. It prevents the nerve growth cone from advancing leaving nerve ending stripped and degenerating, and causes nerve cell death or apoptosis.
This is a ‘molecular holocaust’, and make no mistake, if it is not delt with the rising incidence of neurodevelopment disorders from 1 in 25,000 more than a decade ago to 1 in several hundred of autism alone is frightening to the informed.
Mercury is not VitaminM. Vaccinations should not have ethyl mercury salicylate, PERIOD.
VITAMIN M(Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
Marijuana is the most nutritious crop known to man. It is extremely rich in vitamins, minerals and most other nutrients.
Hemp seed is quite nutritious in its own right, rich in essential proteins, omega fatty acids and Vitamin E & K etc. Even though clean seed contains little if any THC, seeds were also used for many medical purposes related to its rich nutritional content.
Of course, smoking of clean seed-free buds for medical purposes has now been shown to be of significant value in the treatment of numerous diseases and conditions, many of which have no other remedy.
