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Topic: Vitascope

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	Edison Film and Sound: History: The Shift to Projectors and the Vitascope (1895-1896)
		The Shift to Projectors and the Vitascope (1895-1896)
		The Vitascope's first theatrical exhibition was on April 23, 1896, at Koster and Bial's Music Hall in New York City.
		The Vitascope, along with many of the competing projectors, became a popular attraction in variety and vaudeville theaters in major cities across the United States.
	memory.loc.gov /ammem/edhtml/edshift.html (1085 words)

	Vineet R. Kamat, Ph.D. - Software
		VITASCOPE is an open, loosely-coupled, user-extensible 3D animation description language designed specifically for 1) Visualizing simulated construction processes and resulting products in 3D; and 2) Developing higher-level construction visualization tools.
		The PathFinder add-on for VITASCOPE puts in place techniques that address the problem of describing the accurate, variable-speed motion of virtual simulation objects on realistically shaped motion trajectories in 3D visualizations of discrete-event process models.
		VITASCOPE is a much more powerful 3D visualization tool designed as the successor to the DCV.
	pathfinder.engin.umich.edu /software.htm (895 words)

	Edison Silent Movie Equipment
		The Vitascope opened at Koster and Bial's Music Hall in New York City on April 23rd, 1896 and although Thomas Armat was the real inventor, credit was given to Edison in order to promote the new invention.
		Vitascope and other early shows had a lot of problems with electrical current that wasn't standardized across the country, and the man who ran the machinery was billed as the "electrician", a term that replaced "lanternist" before "projectionist" was adopted.
		The Vitascope used a spoolbank like the Kinetoscope and could repeat the short films of such scenes as the surf coming in, trains arriving at the station, or "Feeding the Doves".
	www.silentmovies.com /edison/chronology/edison.html (1602 words)

	1896 in film
		January - In the United States, a projector called the Vitascope[?] was designed by Charles Francis Jenkins[?] and Thomas Armat[?].
		Armat began working with Thomas Edison to manufacture the Vitascope[?], which projected motion pictures.
		April - Thomas Edison and Thomas Armat[?]'s Vitascope[?] is used to project motion pictures in public screenings in New York City
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/18/1896_in_film.html (155 words)

	[No title]
		VITASCOPE (Kamat 2003) is a general-purpose, user-extensible 3D animation language especially suited for visualizing simulated construction operations in smooth, continuous, dynamic 3D virtual worlds.
		VITASCOPE then post-processes the generated animation trace and depicts the modeled processes in 3D by instantiating and manipulating pre-created CAD models of involved simulation resources (e.g.
		The consequence of this inherent discrete-event simulation characteristic and VITASCOPE’s elemental motion-describing animation vocabulary is that a simulation model intending to communicate an animation in 3D must consist of individual activities that represent each elemental motion of the resources involved in the operation being modeled.
	www.ce.gatech.edu /research/NSF-FIATECH_Charrette/Info_Documents/Charrette_Documents/Papers/Position_Paper_Kamat-1.DOC (5012 words)

	Vitascopes
		"Vitascopes", as we like to call them, are handcrafted professional documentaries in which your loved one is the star.
		From the initial digitally-filmed interview, to the professional editing process and DVD output, the entire piece will be a work of art that resonates now and for many years to come.
		The Vitascopes experience can often renew a sense of worth and purpose in the subject, by reminding us all of the richness and impact of our loved one's life on ourselves and the rest of the family.
	www.raymancini.com /vitascopes/01_whatisvitascope.html (327 words)

	WSC 2004 WSC 2004 Final Program
		VITASCOPE is an ASCII stream driven 3D animation tool that runs readily on a wide variety of hardware platforms ranging from commonly used desktops and laptops to high-end, room-sized, immersive virtual environments such as the CAVE.
		VITASCOPE parses and interprets an ASCII stream, and imports and manipulates existing 3D CAD models of the simulated system entities to visually depict modeled processes.
		VITASCOPE’s architecture is open and loosely-coupled, thus allowing it to serve as a post-processed or concurrent 3D visualization engine for simulation models created in a wide variety of languages and tools.
	www.wintersim.org /abstracts04/VR.htm (1168 words)

	Who's Who of Victorian Cinema
		Impressed, Raff and Gammon approached Edison and with the falling-off of the Kinetoscope business he agreed that the Armat machine should be launched as the Edison Vitascope, the projectors and films being produced by the Edison Manufacturing Company.
		To improve the films a portable camera was constructed freeing the producers from the constraints of the Black Maria studio, and under Raff and Gammon's control, many Edison Vitascope films of American life were made 'on location', with James White as producer.
		Also, limiting film sales to Vitascope entrepreneurs reduced profits; the Edison Manufacturing Company therefore started selling films to all potential customers, and the Vitascope was soon superseded by the Edison Projecting Kinetoscope, sold without restrictions.
	www.victorian-cinema.net /raff.htm (478 words)

	First movie theater in the U.S. - By BUDDY STALL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The first movie in New Orleans was shown on an outdoor screen on the lakefront June 28, 1896, by Allen B. Blakemore, an electrical engineer for the New Orleans City and Lake Railroad.
		Blakemore reduced the five-hundred-volt current from the trolley line for his wonderful vitascope machine by way of a water rheostat.
		For an extra 10 cents, you could get a look into the booth where the man was operating the vitascope.
	clarionherald.org /20000316/stall.htm (352 words)

	Space Patrol: The Monsters
		Captain Fowler re-adjusted the vitascope, and the view on its shimmering screen ranged swiftly over the jungles of M17, showing the light greens, the purples and reddish browns of fantastic waving ferns, of growths with single polished stems that resisted the breezes like solid steel towers capped with lone, olive green pods.
		As the crewman had said, the entire expedition probably owed its life to the vitascope, a new invention that they were using for the first time.
		Fowler's defence was the vitascope, and filmed records showed the monsters, just as Roget had taken films of the planet's harmless surface as he had found it.
	homepages.tesco.net /~space.patrol/SpacePatrol/TVComicMonsters.htm (1519 words)

	Who invented the vitascope: Earlycinema. The thomas armat papers: folder listing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Who invented the vitascope Jenkins had already invented a device for viewing motion pictures which he February 1896 the Armat projecting Phantoscope was renamed the Vitascope and was the thomas armat papers: folder listing
		Who invented the vitascope invented in France by Auguste and Louis Lumiere; the Phantoscope of Charles The Phantascope became the basis of Thomas Edison's Vitascope projector.
		Who invented the vitascope The Vitascope, invented by Thomas Edison and the forerunner to today's movie Edison's Vitascope, which enabled moving images to be seen by multiple viewers, advertising pictures (reason): american treasures of the library
	s5-255.w.minminmini.org /s5-257.html (424 words)

	EarlyCinema.com
		Edwin S. Porter joined the Vitascope Marketing Company in 1895 where his experience with electrical engineering was called into use.
		Whilst at Vitascope, Porter was central in the organisation of the first projected movie show in New York on the 23rd April 1896.
		He continued to use his engineering skills in the laboratory at Edison’s Manufacturing Company but left to become a freelance projectionist at the Eden Musee Theatre in 1898.
	www.earlycinema.com /pioneers/porter_bio.html (477 words)

	SH: Hound History
		A series of German films were made between 1914 and 1920 that were all part of a Hound of the Baskervilles series.
		Oswald left Vitascope, took the entire cast with him (Neuss was a busy man) and made The Uncanny Room.
		Vitascope had turned into Projections AG Union and was not happy about this.
	www.holmesonscreen.com /indexSHoundText.htm (2465 words)

	Magnified Grandeur (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Warner's used sound on disc for their Vitascope system as they were still claiming the reproductive superiority of the technique at this time, but they left space on the film for an optical soundtrack
		The downtown Warner (Pantages Mark II) ran it in 35mm standard format while the 65mm Vitascope version was shown at the Hollywood Warner.
		However, as the theatres were many miles apart and little effort was expended in extolling the virtues of the Vitascope format, it is hardly surprising to discover there was no appreciable difference in business at the two theatres.
	www.in70mm.com /newsletter/2001/64/grandeur/grandeur.htm (2635 words)

	The Vitascope
		As the Music Hall was not the theatre, even though it had a stage, the vaudeville acts, of which the Vitascope was but one, would have been presented in the theatre on street-level: In the cosy little theatre a capital variety bill is given...
		One of the prettiest and most realistic scenes in the vitascope exhibition at Robinson's Musee is a reproduction of a serpentine dance, "A La Loie Fuller." The representation of the dance seems as perfect as if the dancer were actually before the audience.
		Why then, was the Vitascope not retained; why did it not return to Toronto after it closed at Robinson's on October 10.
	www.kinema.uwaterloo.ca /vitas991.htm (2482 words)

	The History of The Discovery of Cinematography - 1895 - 1900
		The Vitascope was the first commercially successful celluloid motion picture projector in the U.S. The Vitascope was an improved version of the Phantoscope, an invention of Francis Jenkins in 1893.
		Edison presents the Vitascope for the first time in New York City at the Koster-Bial Music Hall, the present location of Macy’s.
		It was acquired by Edison and changed and presented as the first celluloid motion picture projector in the U.S. It's commercial debut was in 1896.
	www.precinemahistory.net /1895.htm (2910 words)

	Charles Urban, inventor of the Bioscope (early travelling cinema projector) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Urban had found problems exhibiting the electrically-driven Edison Vitascope projector in Michigan through 1896, where many towns were not yet connected to an electrical current, or the local supply was incompatible with the Vitascope, which required direct current.
		He was similarly frustrated by the limited capacity of the Vitascope, which could show only fifty foot rolls before the film had to be changed, causing delays in the programme.
		He made some crude adjustments, recalling "I had film reels constructed by using nine inch tin discs screwed to each end of an empty Clark's thread spool the centre hole of which was enlarged to fit the reel holder.
	www.thegalloper.com /backstories/0502urban.html (1200 words)

	Edison Invents Motion Pictures
		Edison's films were so popular that he needed a way to show them to large groups of people.
		Francis Jenkins and Thomas Armat invented a film projector called the Vitascope and asked Edison to supply the films and manufacture the projector under his name.
		The first films shown in a "movie theater" in America were presented to audiences on April 23, 1896, in New York City.
	www.americaslibrary.gov /cgi-bin/page.cgi/aa/scientists/edison/movies_4 (83 words)

	Guide to Motion Picture Catalogs - The Edison Papers
		Raff and Gammon renamed the projecting machine "The Edison Vitascope" and formed the Vitascope Company to sell exclusive exhibition rights for specific territories.
		They published their brochure, "The Vitascope," and directed it to prospective purchasers of these exhibition rights.
		The vitascope was well received, and soon they were promoting it further by printing and circulating a collection of "Press Comments" that quoted laudatory reviews.
	edison.rutgers.edu /mopix/earlproj.htm (694 words)

	History of Ontario's film industry, 1896 to 1985 TAKE ONE - Find Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		A marvel in a marvellous age, the Vitascope screening of The Kiss--starring the Whitby-born Broadway comedian May Irwin--was a huge success.
		Long before 8 o'clock on the Tuesday evening, July 21,1896, every reserved seat was taken in Ottawa's West End Park and audiences exceeded 1,600 people in the first week.
		Roentgen's Great X-Rays" opened in Toronto at Robinson's Musee, 81 Yonge St. The Musee was an odd mixture, with a zoo on the roof, a curio shop on the second floor, the Bijou Theatre on the ground floor and Wonderland, offering freaks and waxworks, in the basement.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0JSF/is_28_9/ai_30574580 (880 words)

	Space Patrol: TV Comic Holiday Special 1965
		Newly discovered planet M17, seen through the Vitascope, seems inhabited by terrifying monsters and Fowler gives the order not to land.
		From orbit, using the Vitascope, it seems as if Fowler was right.
		The Vitascope was designed to local and focus in on life, which it did accurately.
	homepages.tesco.net /~space.patrol/SpacePatrol/TVComicSpecial.htm (722 words)

	Repairing a vitascope clock (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The first design of this clock was patented in 1941 by a Mr.
		Yet more Vitascope's-- repaired ready to go back -- I don't know why they are so popular at the moment.
		I've been told that someone famous uses one in the nursery as a night light and his son can't sleep without it!!
	www.davewestclocks.co.uk /Clockrepairs/repairing.a.vitascope.clock.htm (411 words)

	Who's Who of Victorian Cinema
		The manager of a billiard parlour in Harlem, Rock bought the rights to exploit the Edison/Armat Vitascope in Louisiana on 16 June 1896, in partnership with the carnival showman and tightrope performer Walter J. Wainwright.
		A vigorous advertising programme used slogans ('After Breakfast Visit the Vitascope'), coupons ('This coupon admits on the day of its date, any child under age of ten years accompanied by an adult'), and controversy (over the morality of the May Irwin Kiss) to keep their shows in the public eye.
		When the Lumière Cinématographe arrived in New Orleans, on 21 June 1897, Rock and Wainwright immediately made arrangements to order some hundreds of Lumière films for the Vitascope: by 11 July, they were advertising Lumière films at their 8.45pm showing and Vitascope films at 10.30 pm.
	www.victorian-cinema.net /rock.htm (461 words)

	SparkNotes: Thomas Edison: The Movie Man
		Dickson left West Orange during the summer of 1895 and went on to develop the first screen projection camera, the Biograph.
		Edison's response was to enter into business with a new partner, Thomas Armat, a Washington, D.C. realtor who had designed a projector named the Vitascope.
		Even Armat, who grew angry when Edison claimed the Vitascope as his own, sued Edison in court.
	www.sparknotes.com /biography/edison/section8.rhtml (899 words)

	Title page for ETD etd-04142003-222138
		In the case of simulated construction operations, the existent body of knowledge and understanding did not generally permit modeled processes to be accurately visualized in 3D.
		The fundamental question the work addressed was how to achieve accurate, dynamic, smooth, and continuous 3D animation of arbitrarily-complex simulated construction processes, based on meager pieces of operational information that can only be communicated when discrete events occur in simulation runs.
		VITASCOPE is a simple, parametric-text animation description language that is meant to be written out by end-user programmable software such as discrete-event simulation tools.
	scholar.lib.vt.edu /theses/available/etd-04142003-222138 (213 words)

	OPTIGRAPH Movie Projector, Vitascope, Cinematographe, Latham, Lumiere, Alvah C. Roebusk, Optigraph, Armat (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		On May, 20, 1895 it was used in a commercial show in a Store Room at 153 Broadway, NY.
		It was used in a commercial show during the Cotton States Exposition in Atlanta, Georgia, September 1895.
		In 1898 Armat used a pin and star wheel intermittent which was adopted by all makes and is still used today.
	www.momph.com /optigraph_movie_projector.htm (275 words)

	EarlyCinema.com
		At the same time, Armat, upon perfecting his version, approached prominent entrepreneurs Raff and Gammon who were excited by what they saw and approached Edison with the intention that he develop the machine.
		Edison agreed and in February 1896 the Armat projecting Phantoscope was renamed the Vitascope and was preceded by 'Edison’s' for, as Raff and Gammon explained, effective publicity and exploitation of the device.
		The first theatrical exhibition took place on April 23 1896 at Koster and Bial’s Music Hall in Herald Square, New York City.
	www.earlycinema.com /technology/vitascope.html (303 words)

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