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Topic: Vivisection

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	Vivisection - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Since the 19th centurys controversy regarding vivisection has centered on two issues: the factual issue about how useful or necessary it is for science and human interests, and the ethical issue about whether it is right or wrong to use non-human animals for furthering human interests (or, occasionaly, for furthering the interests of other animals).
		Herophilos, the "father of anatomy" and founder of the first medical school in Alexandria, was described by the church leader Tertullian as having vivisected at least 600 live prisoners.
		Despite this, the term is generally recognized as pejorative: one would never refer to life-saving surgery, for example, as "vivisection." The use of the term vivisection when referring to procedures performed on humans almost always implies a lack of consent.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Vivisection (850 words)

	M. Carter - Vivisection: A Warranted Practice?
		True activists base their arguments against vivisection on what are known as rights views, which claim to show that animals, by some feature of their nature, "qualify" for certain rights.
		They believe that vivisection has contributed immensely to the good of the human race and should continue as long as that is the case.
		Regan's answer is that in the case of vivisection the dog is not ``in the boat.'' The reason that sacrificing the dog in the lifeboat is allowed is because the dog is already ``in the boat.'' Under this exception the dog needs to be in the same dire circumstances as the human.
	www.iusb.edu /~journal/2000/carter.html (9182 words)

	David Ketterer- "Vivisection": Schoolboy "John Wyndham’s" First Publication?
		"Vivisection" is important not only because it appears to be his first published work, but because it presages the Wellsian form of sf associated with the name "John Wyndham," the titles that would make his fortune.
		Moreau and "Vivisection" combine the human and the animal; the triffid conception might be said, in at least one respect, to combine the human and/or animal with the vegetable.
		But "Vivisection" is evidence that, in emulating Wells, he was also returning to the mode of what seems to have been his modest first publishing success.
	www.depauw.edu /sfs/backissues/78/ketterer78art.htm (3578 words)

	Uncaged Campaigns: vivisection
		Vivisection literally means "cutting while still alive," but these days it refers to any harmful experiments or tests performed on animals.
		All drugs and treatments must, by law, be tested on animals: defenders of vivisection can therefore always find examples which appear to support their claims, but these examples do not prove the necessity for experiments.
		The institution of vivisection must be judged in the context of its total contribution to human wellbeing.
	www.uncaged.co.uk /vivisect.htm (3853 words)

	British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection (BUAV) is a pressure group based near Highbury Corner in London, United Kingdom.
		It is committed to using peaceful means to end animal experiments and to promote non-animal alternatives, and is widely regarded as one of the most respected and effective animal-rights or animal-welfare organizations in the world.
		BUAV was founded in 1898 by Frances Power Cobbe, campaigning at first against the use of dogs in vivisection, and came close to achieving success with the 1991 Dogs (Protection) Bill, which almost became law.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/BUAV (183 words)

	ARTL: Vivisection Industry
		These businesses depend for their very survival on continued public acceptance of the belief that vivisection is authentic and for this reason it is being defended by its protagonists as never before in history.
		Vivisection exists solely for financial and academic profit and the alert reader will have already precipitated the discrepancy dividing those who promote it and those who would have it abolished.
		For the former stand, were vivisection abolished, to lose salaries, comfortable jobs, lifestyles, academic acclaim and prestige whilst the latter, using their meagre personal resources make no financial gain, betterment or status, and never achieve literary fame since their papers are seldom if ever published.
	www.health.org.nz /vivind.html (1894 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Moral Aspect of Vivisection
		Defined literally the word vivisection signifies the dissection of living creatures; ordinarily it means any scientific experiment on animals involving the use of the scalpel; incorrectly it is used for any experimental observations of animals under abnormal conditions.
		Consequently it appears inadmissible to declare vivisection a means morally forbidden and to characterize experiments on animals as the torture of animals.
		The opponents of vivisection claim that experiments on animals have no direct value for medical science, that it is an aimless torture, brutalizing the mind, and that distinguished scholars have denounced it.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/15494a.htm (1282 words)

	Justice for Animals - Campaigns - Anti-Vivisection
		Vivisection is the use of animals in biomedical and warfare research, product testing and dissection.
		Compounding the ethical indefensibility of vivisection is the fact that it consumes vital resources that could, and should, be used to address the root causes of disease and death for humans and animals.
		All of those things done to animals during the course of vivisection — purpose breeding or wild capture, confinement, deprivation, actual experimentation and subsequent killing — would not be tolerated in a civilized society that recognised that animals have rights and should be treated with the respect they are due.
	www.justiceforanimals.co.za /anti_vivisection.html (1876 words)

	VIVISECTION - LoveToKnow Article on VIVISECTION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The supporters of vivisection, properly considered, must not be confused with those who would make a barbarous use of this means of research.
		From the earliest periods experimental vivisections have occasionally been practised, but before the days of anaesthetics it was difficult to execute them, -and not less difficult to draw conclusions.
		But it would be outside the purpose of this article to describe the cruelties which are inseparable from sport, and from the killing of animals for food, and from fashion; neither is this the place to describe the millions of mutilations which are practised on domestic animals by farmers and breeders.
	18.1911encyclopedia.org /V/VI/VIVISECTION.htm (15604 words)

	[InfoNature.Org Webpage] - Animal Torture, Testing and Vivisection.
		Vivisection literally means the 'cutting up' of living animals, but has now become more generally used as the term for all experiments on living animals (in vivo) as many animal experiments, such as toxicity tests, will not involve surgical procedures.
		Many primates used in vivisection around the world, such as macaques and baboons, are trapped in the wild or captive bred in terrible conditions in countries such as Mauritius, Barbados, Indonesia, the Philippines and China.
		Vivisection continues because tradition and peer pressure within the scientific community will not allow its carefully constructed intellectual walls to be torn down.
	www.infonature.org /english/world_news/eng-nature_news_animal_torture.htm (6685 words)

	CAMPAIGNS \| LCA - Last Chance for Animals
		Vivisection is the cutting into or dissecting of a live animal.
		Thus the argument for vivisection is predicated on a contradiction that cannot be resolved.
		Vivisection is the flest of all crimes that man is at present committing against God and his fair creation.
	www.lcanimal.org /cmpgn/cmpgn_016.htm (1814 words)

	Approaches to Anti-Vivisection
		Another way to examine vivisection in its socio-political context is to determine which actions have truly contributed to its intended beneficiaries, according to the vivisectors.
		Vivisection is not the only social mechanism that concentrates resources in the hands of well-to-do groups instead of distributing them for the benefit of the entire public, especially for those of little means.
		Yet the vivisection industry is unique in that while harming the weak elements of society (foremost: animals) and serving those with social power, it defends its own legitimacy with fraudulent claims: it's necessary, supposedly, for the sick and the helpless.
	www.anonymous.org.il /e-approaches.htm (1450 words)

	Vivisection Information
		Vivisection is defined as the act or practice of performing experiments on living animals.
		The term is used to refer to several categories of scientific or medical procedures performed on animals including: drug or chemical testing, biomedical research, and raising and killing animals for parts (such are heart valves) or organs.
		The questions and answers provided here are born from the successes gained and the lessons learned from occasional mistakes in the course of those debates.
	www.vivisectioninfo.org (171 words)

	Vivisection
		VIVISECTION is the Inquisition -- the Hell -- of Science, All the cruelty which the human -- or rather the inhuman -- heart is capable of inflicting, is in this one word.
		He will say that it is better that a few animals should suffer than that one human being should die; and that it is far better that one patient should die, if through the sacrifice of that one, several may be saved.
		It is not necessary for a man to be a specialist in order to have and express his opinion as to the right or wrong of vivisection.
	www.infidels.org /library/historical/robert_ingersoll/vivisection.html (815 words)

	BUAV - British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection - Frequently asked questions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Vivisection literally means the 'cutting up' of living animals, but has now become more generally used as the term for all experiments on living animals (in vivo) as many animal experiments, such as toxicity (poisoning) tests, will not involve surgical procedures.
		Many primates used in vivisection around the world, such as macaques and baboons, are trapped in the wild or captive bred in terrible conditions in countries such as Mauritius, Barbados, Indonesia, the Philippines, Tanzania and China.
		The fact that vivisection has taken place as one part of a multi-layer research and development phase in the lead up to a drug entering the market, is not the same thing at all as being able to say that that drug was only developed because of vivisection.
	www.buav.org /faqs.html (6763 words)

	Vivisection: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Morality is a complex system of general principles and particular judgments based on cultural, religious, and philosophical concepts and beliefs, by which...
		Kyushu university (; kyushu daigaku, abbreviated to kyudai) in fukuoka, japan is one of japans prestigious...
		Framerightbeagle being used to determine the toxicity of an industrial gas.animal testing is the use of non-human animals in experiments....
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/v/vi/vivisection.htm (2323 words)

	Uncaged Campaigns: Against all animal experiments/vivisection
		'Vivisection' literally means 'cutting while alive', but now signifies any exploitative or painful procedure performed on an animal for experimental research and educational purposes.
		While the numbers of animals vivisected has been in gradual decline for several years, an explosion in interest in experiments involving genetic manipulation threatens to reverse this trend.
		We have initiated the Global Boycott of Procter and Gamble, liaised with groups around the world who are protesting against xenotransplantation, and our campaign for animal rights has been supported by organisations across the world as we aim to achieve the ratification of a Universal Declaration of Animal Rights by the United Nations.
	www.uncaged.co.uk (629 words)

	New England Anti-vivisection Society (NEAVS)
		Vivisection is the exploitation of living animals for experiments concerning the phenomena of life.
		John Sturgis Codman, vice president and treasurer of the Society in the 1920s, was an industrialist, a member of the American Civil Liberties Union, and cofounder of the Boston chapter of the Henry George School of Social Science at which he taught.
		By 1921 the Boston Evening Transcript noted, "The 'antis' [anti-vivisectionists] have become a force to be reckoned with." This recognition was due mainly to Clement's exceptional leadership, his wide circle of friends, and his ability to produce a publication with brilliant incisive attacks against the vivisectors-—many of whom were his friends.
	www.neavs.org /aboutneavs/history_1895_1920.htm (1738 words)

	British Anti-Vivisection Association (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The BAVA is not against the supporters of vivisection being allowed to put forward their arguments, but we do believe, as laid down in the BBC’s own guidelines, that both sides should have an equal say.
		Ultimately, whatever ones views are on vivisection, we are all, as licence fee payers, entitled to fair, balanced and unbiased reporting; a situation far from the case at present.
		Without exception, all have adhered to a rigid formula of extolling the non-existent virtues of vivisection, relegating the vivisection issue to one of animal welfare, withholding all information as to the massive harm to human health by the false methodology of vivisection, and allowing only that opposition guaranteed “safe”.
	www.bava.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk /bbc.html (1488 words)

	NZAVS - The 3Rs, Reduction, Refinement, Replacement - a critique
		Its unavowed purpose is of course to perpetuate vivisection, meanwhile extorting more money from the anti-vivisectionists; money that is then regularly funneled into the vivisectors' kitties, through the various 'funds for alternative research'".
		But precisely this suggestion is also advocated by our opponents, the vivisectionists, who see in it the triumphant Trojan horse: disguised as opponents of vivisection, they act as if they were supporting our movement, while their intention is to undermine it from within.
		Thus according to them, vivisection is a serious matter, which must be reserved for serious purposes.
	www.nzavs.org.nz /3rs.html (693 words)

	National Anti Vivisection Campaign (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		We aim to make vivisection a controversial public issue by running high profile media campaigns against vivisection in all of the main centres around the country.
		To do this we will work with local activists, advising them of what vivisection goes on in their area and how we think they can be most effective in their area.
		We demand abolition of vivisection on scientific grounds since the fundamental drawback of using animals as models for human disease is that due to species differences the results are both misleading and unreliable.
	stopvivisection.org.nz /about.htm (350 words)

	vivisection
		The vivisection industry promises to cure human ills through animal experimentation -- and threatens us with plague and death if vivisection is stopped.
		Those who make money in vivisection want desperately for you to believe you have no options and thus you should feel comfortable with their cruelty.
		Yet because vivisection is done behind closed doors at the hands of "scientists" who promise miracle cures in the future, the suffering continues.
	www.freetheanimals.homestead.com /vivisection.html (1377 words)

	Panel 1
		Vivisection cannot be justified neither ethically nor scientifically.
		Those who practice vivisection - and accuse their opponents of being "sentimental" toward animals - tout the self-serving presumption that the question ultimately boils down to "animals' lives instead of yours".
		Obviously, if humans were to be subjected to vivisection, the amount of pain they would feel would certainly not depend on their communication skills nor on their ability to solve differential equations - suffering is the same for geniuses and dunces.
	www.novivisezione.org /mostra/pan1_en.htm (395 words)

	Irish Anti-Vivisection Society
		As well as its use in 'pure' research, vivisection is used in developing new surgical procedures, testing new drugs, conducting psychological experiments, and in toxicity testing of innumerable household, cosmetic, agricultural and other products.
		Often vivisection is very painful, both physically and mentally.
		Animals are locked away, often alone, in cages awaiting their turn to be poisoned, burned, blinded, injured, mutilated, starved, force-fed, sent mad, irradiated, given cancer, infected with diseases, turned into drug addicts and subjected to all kinds of painful procedures, often ending in death.
	www.irishantivivisection.org /vivi.html (257 words)

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