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	VKHUTEMAS (Vchutemas)-The Origins of Russian Avant guarde, architectural projects from the collection of Museum of ...
		The generators of a new aesthetics born by the social revolution and victims of totalitarianism, they were that boiler where the new architecture was smelted.
		The Moscow Architectural Institute is an heir of the VKHUTEMAS traditions.
		The first prize was received by the architects Vesnin brothers — teachers of the VKHUTEMAS for the project of a Palace of Labour,the second prize by the student of the VKHUTEMAS I. Leonidov for his diploma work «Lenin Institute».
	www.vivahotels.com /uk/events/vkhutemas.htm (526 words)

	VKhUTEMAS (Site not responding. Last check: )
		VKhUTEMAS (Russian: ВХУТЕМАС, Высшие художественно-технические мастерские is acronym for Higher Art and Technical Studios) was the Russian state art and technical school founded in 1920 in Moscow, in 1926 its name was modified: "Institute" instead of "Studios" (ВХУТЕИН, Высший художественно-технический институт).
		VKhUTEMAS was closely parallel to the German Bauhaus in its intent, organization and scope.
		Both schools were state-sponsored initiatives to merge the craft tradition with modern technology, with a Basic Course in aesthetic principles, courses in color theory, industrial design, and architecture.
	www.1bx.com /en/VKhUTEMAS.htm (167 words)

	ARX №03. ПОД ЗНАКОМ ЗВЕЗДЫ
		In fact, From VKHUTEMAS to MARKHI contains the history of Soviet architecture for one decade and a half presented by means of term papers and graduation projects by students of different schools and their teachers including such celebrities as brothers Vesnin and Golosov, the Barkhin dynasty, Dushkin and Shchusev.
		VKHUTEMAS was, undoubtedly, the most well-known school of art in the twenties, but not the only college in Moscow where future architects were trained.
		From VKHUTEMAS to MARKHI is also the title of a whole series of books dedicated to the history of architectural education in the 20th century.
	www.arx.su /magazine/arx3_ev_5.shtml (732 words)

	[No title]
		VKHUTEMAS is an innovative Russian art school of the 1920s, which received an overall recognition and became one of the leading centers of modern art.
		The goal of this exhibition was to show VKHUTEMAS as a school playing the role of the centre of avant-garde culture and doubtlessly influencing the foundation and development of Soviet architectural avant-garde.
		The contemporary opinion of the heritage of Soviet avant-garde, whose beacon and regenerator VKHUTEMAS is today considered to be, is represented by video-monologues of living classics of modern architecture, such as Rem Koolhaas, Zakha Hadid, Odile Decq, Mattias Sauerbruch.
	www.archcenter.org /printer/?ID=1593 (249 words)

	VKhUTEMAS LANGUAGE SCHOOL EXPLORER (Site not responding. Last check: )
		VKhUTEMAS (Russian: Ð’Ð¥Ð£Ð¢Ð•ÐÐÐ¡, Ð’ÑÑÑÐ¸Ðµ ÑÑÐ´Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑÑÐ²ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾-ÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ðµ Ð¼Ð°ÑÑÐµÑÑÐºÐ¸Ðµ is acronym for Higher Art and Technical Studios) was the Russian state art and technical school founded in 1920 in Moscow, in 1926 its name was modified: "Institute" instead of "Studios" (Ð’Ð¥Ð£Ð¢Ð•ÐÐ, Ð’ÑÑÑÐ¸Ð¹ ÑÑÐ´Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑÑÐ²ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾-ÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ Ð¸Ð½ÑÑÐ¸ÑÑÑ).
		VKhUTEMAS was closely parallel to the German Bauhaus in its intent, organization and scope.
		Both schools were state-sponsored initiatives to merge the craft tradition with modern technology, with a Basic Course in aesthetic principles, courses in color theory, industrial design, and architecture.
	language.school-explorer.com /info/VKhUTEMAS (154 words)

	Amazon.com: VKhUTEMAS
		VKhUTEMAS: Vysshie gosudarstvennye khudozhestvenno-tekhnicheskie masterskie : tekstil, skulptura, zhivopis, grafika, keramika, metal, derevo, arkhitektura, 1920-1930 : v dvukh knigakh by S. O Khan-Magomedov (Unknown Binding - 1995)
		Productivism were taught at the Vkhutemas art school and quickly evolved...
		State Artistic and Technical Workshops (Vkhutemas) in 1920, were the successors...
	www.amazon.com /s?ie=UTF8&keywords=VKhUTEMAS&index=blended&page=1 (812 words)

	Vkhutemas Art Institute of Moscow Article - Anatoly Krynsky Fine Art
		Vkhutemas was closely parallel to the German Bauhaus in its intent, organization and scope.
		Both schools were state-sponsored initiatives to merge the craft tradition with modern technology, with a Basic Course in aesthetic principles, courses in color theory, industrial design, and architecture.
		Professors at the school included some of the significant names of Russia philosophy, art and architecture of the period, most of them associated with Constructivism: Alexander Rodchenko, Varvara Stepanova, Vladimir Tatlin, Pavel Florensky, Vladimir Andreevic, Aleksandr Larionov, Vladimir Favorsky, Konstantin Melnikov, Vasily Kandinsky, Naum Gabo, El Lissitzky, Moisei Ginzburg, Meer Akselrod and Gustav Klutsis.
	www.anatolykrynsky.com /articles/vkhutemas.htm (164 words)

	Abstract of M.Sc Thesis (Klevitsky Ekaterina)-Architecture and Town Planning
		The development of a preliminary course and the incorporation of three-dimensional studies in the form of abstract composition were two of the main highlights of these new directions.
		In the period under discussion, composition represented a new type of creation and was complemented by artistic phenomena such as collage and montage.
		The BAUHAUS and the VKhUTEMAS suggested using the spatial sketch as an architectural design tool which complemented the conventional two-dimensional sketch.
	www.graduate.technion.ac.il /Theses/Abstracts.asp?Id=19807 (486 words)

	lens culture: photography weblog
		Now supported administrativley by the UK, I was invited by the Director with support of the Rodchenko Family to teach at the school.
		Known as Vkhutemas (Free State Art Studios) in the 1920s, the modern art school supported the most advanced artists who contributed to international art, design, architecture and advertising in the new society beyond the painting easel.
		Vkhutemas ran parallel to the German Bauhaus, which was summarily eliminated by Hitler in the 1930s as well.
	www.lensculture.com /mt_files/archives/000071.html (631 words)

	Russian Art Web Gallery
		He was drafted by the Red Army for the Civil War, where his painting talent was soon recognised, and he made a large amount of political posters.
		In 1923 he started to study at VKhuTeMas, and his main teacher was Osmerkin.
		In the development of his specific colouristic style, he was inspired mainly by Mashkov and Konchalovskii.
	www.russianart.dk /exhibition.asp?e=59 (153 words)

	Steidl: Valentina Kulagina
		In 1920 Valentina Kulagina, born in 1902, met Gustav Klutsis, who encouraged her to enter Vkhutemas.
		After graduating from Vkhutemas, she did poster, exhibition and book design for state institutions.
		After the war, she was employed as an official painter and designer.
	www.steidlville.com /artists/91-Valentina-Kulagina.html (42 words)

	Untitled Document
		Acclaimed for his spatial constructions, as well as for his designs of practical structures like kiosks, tribunes, and radio-orators, Klutsis became a professor of color theory at the Constructivist school VKhUTEMAS (Higher State Artistic and Technical Institute) in 1924.
		In addition to being an accomplished Constructivist, by the early 1920s, Klutsis became a pioneering developer of photomontage, a method of cutting and pasting together photographs.
		After graduating from VKhUTEMAS, she worked for IZOGIZ (the State Art Publishing Agency) and VOKS (the All-Union Society of Cultural Relations with Abroad), receiving domestic and international commissions for posters and exhibition and book designs.
	museum.icp.org /museum/exhibitions/klutsis_kulagina/biography.html (580 words)

	Superatism and Constructivism
		Two art institutes were established in 1920 in Moscow in the development of the Russia avant-garde after 1917: Inkhuk (Institute of Artistic Culture) and Vkhutemas (Higher State Artistic and Technical Studios).
		The Vkhutemas, on the other hand, was an experimental and innovative art school as a Bauhaus.
		Obmas (United Architectural Studios) became the focus of a Rationalist architecture led by the influential teacher Nikolai Ladovsky in 1923.Landovsky's Rationalism was based on theories of psychology rather than the more familiar form-follows-function rationalism of use, structure, and materials.
	www.discovery.mala.bc.ca /web/chockza/05.html (337 words)

	artnet.com: Resource Library: Vkhutemas (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Vkhutemas [Vysshiye (Gosudarstvennyye) Khudozhestvenno-Tekhnicheskiye Masterskiye; Rus.: Higher (State) Artistic and Technical Workshops].
		It was established by state decree on 29 November 1920, on the basis of the first and second State Free Art Studios (Svomas), which had themselves been set up in December 1918 by fusing the old Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture with the Stroganov School of Applied Art.
		The Vkhutemas was conceived explicitly as ‘a specialized educational institution for advanced artistic and technical training, created to train highly qualified master artists for industry, as well as instructors and directors of professional and technical education’.
	www.artnet.com /library/08/0899/T089983.ASP (280 words)

	Idea Photographic \| Artists
		Gustav (Gustavowitsch) Klutsis, born in Riga, Latvia, was considered the first Soviet theorist of photomontage.
		In 1920, he enrolled in the State Free Art Studios (Svomas) of the Vkhutemas (Soviet school of art and architecture), where he began teaching in 1924.
		As a student he worked on poster design and was influenced by his studies with Lissitsky, Malevich, and Pevzner.
	www.museumofnewmexico.org /mfa/ideaphotographic/artists_klutsis.html (126 words)

	Socialist Review (Site not responding. Last check: )
		I doubt that the Bauhaus played such a founding role in the development of socially aware modernism as the review by Anindya Bhattacharyya suggests (April SR).
		That honour should go to the Russian Constructivists working to further the 1917 Revolution, and to the Vkhutemas school founded in Moscow in 1920.
		At that time the Bauhaus, whose foundation course was run by the mystical Johannes Itten, was bound up in self-indulgent Expressionism.
	www.socialistreview.org.uk /article.php?articlenumber=9787 (192 words)

	VKHUTEMAS-The Origins of Russian Avant guarde, architectural projects from the collection of Museum of MARCHI ...
		VKHUTEMAS-The Origins of Russian Avant guarde, architectural projects from the collection of Museum of MARCHI 1920-1930, exhibition
		The Russian architectural avant guarde of the 1920s — the 1930s is one of the bright art phenomena of the 20th century.
		«The VKHUTEMAS: sources of the Russian avantguarde» is the first exhibition representing the VKHUTEMAS and its architectural faculty abroad.
	www.flemingyouth.it /events/vkhutemas.asp (489 words)

	Environment and Planning B abstract (Site not responding. Last check: )
		This article introduces, and presents in a slightly edited translation, a paper written in 1928 by the Moscow architectural student Nikolai Krasil'nikov.
		Moisei Ginsburg, intellectual leader of the Constructivist group OSA (of which Krasil'nikov was a member), had built the course in architectural theory that he gave to the Vkhutemas diploma class around the procedures of his group's 'functional method', which has considerable historical interest in itself.
		In this paper and in a later collaborative one, also quoted, he tried to 'creep towards' such procedures, which have interest as precursors of recent trends.
	www.envplan.com /abstract.cgi?id=b020003 (157 words)

	Mayanot Gallery - Meir Axelrod
		Born in a Byelorussian Jewish settlement, a survivor of pogroms, forced to leave his home together with his family during the World War I, a student and later a teacher at the famous Vkhutemas and member of the "4-Arts" Society, he exhibited his work throughout the world.
		Subjected to criticism, abuse, and neglected during the years of triumphant socialist realism, Axelrod remained faithful to his main theme — Jewish life, Jewish spirituality: in portraits, genre studies, Yiddish theater design, illustrations for Jewish classics and in compositions on the Holocaust theme, the thought of which haunted him all his life.
		His deep roots in Judaism influenced his artistic creation — it was a natural step for Mayanot Gallery to present Axelrod's works on Russian Jewish life in the early 20th century.
	www.mayanotgallery.com /Biographies/meir.asp (340 words)

	Selected Special Collections Finding Aids
		Papers and artwork from VKhUTEMAS (Higher Artistic-Technical Workshops), a state-sponsored school of design established in Moscow.
		The materials span virtually the entire existence of VKhUTEMAS, from its founding in 1920 until 1929, a year before it closed.
		The name of the school was changed to VKhuTEIN (Higher State Artistic and Technical Institute) in 1927.
	archives.getty.edu:8082 /cgi/f/findaid/findaid-idx?c=utf8a;idno=US::CMalG::950052 (94 words)

	ARTSetc: The Bauhaus, modernism and domestic architecture
		Although the ideas behind the International Modern Style at first appear to come from several different directions, including the Deutscher Werkbund, the De Stijl group, the Vkhutemas, Le Corbusier and the Bauhaus, these are all very strongly linked together.
		The Bauhaus seemed to act as a magnet to all the leading designers, architects and artists of the time, some of which had already proved themselves as modern visionaries and had been shrewdly recognised by the Director, Walter Gropius.
		Kandinsky, who had worked at the Vkhutemas, and Moholy-Nagy were strongly influenced by constructivism.
	web.ukonline.co.uk /arts-etc/bauhaus/modernism4x.html (407 words)

	Tate Modern \| Century City \| Moscow
		Establishment of VKhUTEMAS (Higher State Artistic-Technical Workshops), Moscow’s leading art school.
		The mass spectacle The Earth in Turmoil by Tretjakov is produced by Meyerhold based on designs by Popova; it attracts 25,000 visitors.
		Teachers and students of VKhUTEMAS participate in the Exposition Internationale des Arts Decoratifs et Industriels Moderne in Paris.
	www.tate.org.uk /modern/exhibitions/centurycity/timeline_moscow.htm (506 words)

	History of the Institute
		The state policy started to play an important role in educational system of the country.
		The Government takes a decision to establish Independent state art studios and in 1920 on the bases of these studios the VKHUTEMAS was organized — an architectural faculty leading by I. Gioltovsky and A. Shiusev.
		The same time the architectural department of MVTU kept on working.
	www.marhi.ru /eng/history (615 words)

	Bloomsbury.com - Research centre
		Emphasis shifted to technical skills rather than artistic disciplines, and the Basic Course was reduced in favour of increased specialization.
		Vkhutemas was one of the most dynamic crucibles of Constructivism, where different disciplines could be combined and spark each other off into something new.
		Moreover, its teaching programmes allowed the ideas of the avant-garde to feed into a wider artistic culture, enabling its students (including the architect Berthold Lubetkin) to carry their legacy into the post-war period.
	www.bloomsbury.com /ARC/detail.asp?EntryID=101390&bid=1 (270 words)

	Exhibition, Vkhutemas (VCHUTEMAS): The Origins of Russian Avant guarde, Florence
		Exhibition, Vkhutemas (VCHUTEMAS): The Origins of Russian Avant guarde, Florence
		The Russian architectural avant guarde of the 1920s — the 1930s is one of the bright art phenomena of the 20th century.
		«The VKHUTEMAS: sources of the Russian avantguarde» is the first exhibition representing the VKHUTEMAS and its architectural faculty abroad.
	www.fondazione-delbianco.org /inglese/InsertNews/Avant_garde.htm (548 words)

	F. S. Shurpin, "The Morning of Our Motherland"
		From Matthew Cullerne Bown, Art Under Stalin, Holmes & Meyer, New York, 1991; p.
		Joined RabFak, "Workers' Faculty", of Moscow VKhuTeMas 1923; studied at Moscow VKhuTeMas/VKhuTeln 1925-31.
		Awarded Stalin Prize in 1949 for The Morning of Our Motherland.
	www.cyberussr.com /rus/shurpin.html (234 words)

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