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Topic: Vocal cords

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Human voice

Voice registers

Human voice as an instrument

Phonation

Larynx

Breathy voice

Pitch (music)

Formant

Vocal range

Falsetto

Voice instrumental music

Spectrogram

Singing

I am sitting in a room

Fundamental frequency

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	Vocal Cord Disorders - Sharp HealthCare in San Diego
		The sound the vocal cords produce is then sent through the throat, nose, and mouth, giving the sound "resonance." The sound of each individual voice is determined by the size and shape of the vocal cords and the size and shape of the throat, nose, and mouth (the resonating cavities).
		Vocal cord disorders are often caused by vocal abuse or misuse, such as excessive use of the voice when singing, talking, smoking, coughing, yelling, or inhaling irritants.
		Vocal nodules are benign (non-cancerous) growths on the vocal cords caused by vocal abuse.
	www.sharp.com /healthinfo/content.cfm?pageid=P00475 (802 words)

	UW Health \| University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics and UW Physicians, Madison, Wisconsin based academic medical ...
		The sound the vocal cords produce is then sent through the throat, nose, and mouth, giving the sound "resonance." The sound of each individual voice is determined by the size and shape of the vocal cords and the size and shape of the throat, nose, and mouth (the resonating cavities).
		Vocal cord disorders are often caused by vocal abuse or misuse, such as excessive use of the voice when singing, talking, smoking, coughing, yelling, or inhaling irritants.
		Vocal nodules are benign (non-cancerous) growths on the vocal cords caused by vocal abuse.
	www.uwhealth.org /uwh/healthinformation/content.asp?pageid=P00475 (751 words)

	Vocal Cord Paralysis & Medialization
		Horizontal excursion is a measurement of the amplitude of the cords.
		Using a horizontal neck incision at the level of the vocal cords, the posterior border of the thyroid cartilage is exposed by transecting the strap muscles and detaching the inferior constrictor from the thyroid.
		Rehabilitation of the Immobile Vocal Fuld: Paralysis or Fixation.
	www.utmb.edu /otoref/Grnds/Vocal-cord-040428/Vocal-cord-040428.htm (8053 words)

	Voice Disorders, Nose and Throat Disorders, THE MERCK MANUAL OF HEALTH & AGING
		Vocal cord atrophy is weakening or abnormal movement of the vocal cords.
		Vocal cord atrophy may also be aggravated when a person strains the voice to overcome changes in sound that normally occur with aging.
		Vocal cord paralysis may occur when a disease or an injury affects the cords themselves or when a disease or injury affects the nerves that control the vocal cords.
	www.merck.com /pubs/mmanual_ha/sec3/ch38/ch38d.html (738 words)

	Vocal Cord Paralysis Information on Healthline
		Vocal cord paralysis is the inability to move the vocal cords and the resulting loss of vocal cord function.
		The vocal cords are a pair of tough, fibrous bands that lie across the air column in the middle of the voice box.
		Vocal cords can either be partially paralyzed on one side or completely paralyzed on both sides.
	www.healthline.com /galecontent/vocal-cord-paralysis (697 words)

	Science Netlinks: Science Updates
		But in 1997, vocal cord surgery left scarring that robbed her of her singing voice.
		That's why he and his group are developing a strategy to replace damaged vocal cord tissue with a lab-grown material.
		In this case, they're not growing a whole new set of vocal cords that are ready to snap into place.
	www.sciencenetlinks.com /sci_update.cfm?DocID=165 (710 words)

	MyVoiceteacher - Certified Seth Riggs / Speech Level Singing Instructor
		The vocal cords are the most important part of the larynx and play a key role in all three functions, mentioned in the characterization of the larynx.
		The vocal cords are made up of two folds of muscle tissue, which are shaped like a "V" when viewed from above, and are connected on a slight diagonal, front to back in the larynx.
		The front of the cords is lower than the back of the cords and is in a closed, fixed position to the wall of the larynx.
	www.myvoiceteacher.com /anatomy-vocalcords.htm (297 words)

	Vocal Cords \| Voice Lessons \| Chords \| Instrument \| Singing \| Speach \| Picture \| Dysfunction \| Damage \| Diagram (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Vocal cords aren't actually chords but are folds comprised of sets of mucus membranes stretched across the larynx.
		The vocal cords regulate the flow of air from the lungs during speaking and singing.
		The vocal cords remain open (with a larger glottic chink) during inhalation, closed when you hold your breath, and held apart just a little for speech or singing.
	www.kidzworld.com /article/7066-vocal-cords-101 (345 words)

	Vocal Cord Disorders - Stanford Hospital & Clinics - Stanford University Medical Center (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The sound the vocal cords produce is then sent through the throat, nose, and mouth, giving the sound "resonance." The sound of each individual voice is determined by the size and shape of the vocal cords and the size and shape of the throat, nose, and mouth (the resonating cavities).
		Vocal cord disorders are often caused by vocal abuse or misuse, such as excessive use of the voice when singing, talking, smoking, coughing, yelling, or inhaling irritants.
		Vocal nodules are benign (non-cancerous) growths on the vocal cords caused by vocal abuse.
	www.stanfordhospital.com /healthLib/testgreystone/ent/vocal (768 words)

	Allergy Relief, Sinus Relief - Ear, Nose and Throat Allergy Problems, Hearing Disorders, Sleep Apnea, Sinusitis, Sinus ...
		The vocal cords produce voice when air held in the lungs is released and passed through the closed vocal cords, causing them to vibrate.
		Vocal cord paralysis may be caused by head trauma, a neurologic insult such as a stroke, a neck injury, lung or thyroid cancer, a tumor pressing on a nerve, or a viral infection.
		Vocal cord paralysis is usually diagnosed by an otolaryngologist- a doctor who specializes in ear, nose, and throat disorders.
	www.headandneckcenter.com /articles/paravocal.cfm (920 words)

	Test V1: The Human Vocal Chords
		The air moves through the vocal chords, which are situated in the muscular vibrating folds of the larynx, and the glottis, the space formed between them.
		By stretching the vocal chords, adjusting the tension and varying the air pressure through the glottis, the pitch of our voice is adjusting, tuning higher or lower.
		The triangular prism that defines the air column in the center of the vocal chords is positioned at (0, -0.025), has a radius of 0.048 m, set at an angle of 90° and has a depth of 0.015m.
	www.andrew.cmu.edu /course/24-ansys/htm_tests/t_v1_vocal.htm (549 words)

	Vocal Cord Paralysis -- eCureMe.com
		Vocal cord paralysis means that the vocal cords are frozen in place -- stuck in a fixed position.
		The vocal cords are part of the "voice box" and consist of two cords side-by-side near the Adam's apple.
		Vocal cord paralysis may be attributed to a number of factors.
	www.ecureme.com /emyhealth/Pediatrics/Vocal_Cord_Paralysis.asp (411 words)

	InteliHealth:
		Laryngitis is swelling of the vocal cords caused by inflammation or infection.
		Vocal cord muscles can be weakened temporarily as a side effect of inhaled corticosteroid medicine sprays, or because of extended treatment with an artificial respirator (ventilator) in an intensive care unit.
		If an abnormality is found on the vocal cords, your doctor may do a biopsy, which involves removing a tiny sample of the affected vocal cord tissue so it can be examined in a laboratory under a microscope.
	www.intelihealth.com /IH/ihtIH/WSIHW000/9339/10976.html (2249 words)

	Vocal cord paralysis: Causes - MayoClinic.com
		Your vocal cords (also called vocal folds) are two elastic bands of muscle tissue covered by smooth mucous membranes.
		The vocal cords are located in your voice box (larynx), which is an assemblage of cartilage, muscle and mucous membranes situated between the base of your tongue and the top of your windpipe (trachea).
		There are many possible causes of vocal cord paralysis.
	www.mayoclinic.com /health/vocal-cord-paralysis/DS00670/DSECTION=3 (464 words)

	Vocal Warmups
		Although the results of this study were inconclusive as to the exact effect of vocal warm-ups, several reasons still support the use of vocal warm-ups.
		Vocalises are tasks aimed at acquiring a particular skill, i.e., the actual exercise itself.
		A teacher may also recommend the use of isometric exercise, that focuses on improving vocal functioning at the level of the vocal cords.
	www.gbmc.org /voice/vocalwarmups.cfm (717 words)

	Vocal cord paralysis
		Vocal cord paralysis is a disorder that occurs when one or both of your vocal cords don't open or close properly because nerve impulses to the muscles of your voice box are interrupted.
		The endoscope allows your doctor to view your vocal cords directly or on a video monitor to determine whether one or both vocal cords are affected, as well as the movement and position of the vocal cords.
		To add bulk to the paralyzed vocal cord, a doctor who specializes in ear, nose and throat disorders (otolaryngologist) injects your vocal cord with a substance such as body fat, collagen or another approved substance, either through your mouth or through the skin of your neck.
	edition.cnn.com /HEALTH/library/DS/00670.html (1462 words)

	Hsin Kuang Herbal Store & Clinic - Vocal cord paralysis
		Vocal cord paralysis is a voice disorder that occurs when one or both of the vocal cords (or vocal folds) do not open or close properly.
		Vocal cord paralysis is a common disorder, and symptoms can range from mild to life threatening.
		This happens because the paralyzed cord or cords remain open, leaving the airway passage and the lungs unprotected.
	www.hnmrc.net /pd835752574.html?categoryId=42 (929 words)

	Treatment of Unilateral Adductor Vocal Cord Paralysis
		The vocal process attaches to the vocalis muscle and vocal ligament. The posterior and lateral cricoarytenoid muscles attach to the muscular process. The inferior aspect of the aryepiglottic fold attaches to the apical process.
		Vocal fold lubrication is crucial to effective voice production. The epithelial layer of the vocal folds contains microridges which are important in enabling spread and retention of mucous on the epithelium. This lubrication is important in maintaining the pliability of the vocal cords and prevents abrasion on forceful adduction. Fukuda et al.
		When one of the vocal cords is paralyzed, the cords are not able to meet in the midline to initiate the glottic attack. This prevents development of the subglottic pressure needed to initiate speech.. Also with the cords at such a distance, the mucosal wave cannot be adequately maintained.
	www.utmb.edu /otoref/Grnds/VC-paralysis-001108/VC-paralysis-001108.htm (2459 words)

	eMedicine - Vocal Cord Dysfunction : Article by Praveen Buddiga
		Vocal cord dysfunction (VCD) can be characterized as an abnormal adduction of the vocal cords during the respiratory cycle (especially during the inspiratory phase) that produces airflow obstruction at the level of the larynx.
		This phasic vocal cord movement is physiologic, and it allows the unimpeded movement of air inward to the lungs and outward to the atmosphere while maintaining the alveolar patency of the lungs by providing positive airway pressure during expiration (ie, positive end-expiratory pressure [PEEP]).
		The classic textbook picture is the adduction of the anterior two thirds of the vocal cords with a posterior diamond-shaped chink through which air flows during the inspiratory phase (see Image 2).
	www.emedicine.com /med/topic3563.htm (3008 words)

	Vocal cords, vocal cord paralysis, vocal cord nodules,hoarseness, voice therapy; common pediatric ear, nose and throat ...
		Vocal cord nodules are callous-like bumps on the vocal cords.
		They usually are located on the front 1/3 of the vocal cord, and range in size from a pinhead to a split pea.
		Vocal abuse and misuse cause the vocal cords to close with excessive force (i.e.
	www.pediatric-ent.com /learning/problems/vocalcord.htm (932 words)

	Vocal Cords
		Still another way to restore vocal cord tissue is to use stem cells taken from a donor or vocal cord cells taken from the patient himself.
		At Mass Eye and Ear, surgeons can often restore vocal function in patients with one paralyzed vocal cord, which can occur when nerves to the larynx are damaged by pressure from tumors, from inflammation or in rare cases, from being cut inadvertently during neck or thyroid surgery.
		When a vocal cord is paralyzed, it can’t move in and out with the other cord, kind of like trying to clap with only one movable hand.
	www.myhealthsense.com /F020730_vocalcords.html (1680 words)

	NYU Voice Center - About Us
		Many patients are diagnosed with “nodules” on their vocal cords, and are referred to speech therapists to resolve their condition.
		In fact, there are many different types of lesions that can appear similar to vocal cord nodules, and the treatment varies depending on the root cause of the problem.
		Vocal cord nodules are a specifically defined entity that results from a relatively well-defined set of causes, and which have well-defined treatment guidelines.
	www.med.nyu.edu /voicecenter/conditions/voice/vocal_nodules.html (407 words)

	Diseases - About Vocal Cord Dysfunction (VCD) - National Jewish Medical and Research Center
		These symptoms are a result of an abnormal closing of the vocal cords (VCD) rather than inflammation of their airways (asthma).
		The vocal cords are located at the top of the windpipe (trachea) and vibrate from exhaled air to produce noise and voice.
		However, with vocal cord dysfunction, the vocal cords close together, or constrict, during one or both parts of the breathing cycle.
	www.njc.org /disease-info/diseases/vcd/about.aspx (397 words)

	Vocal cord paralysis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Vocal cord paralysis is a common disorder, particularly among the elderly, and symptoms can range from mild to life threatening.
		Typically vocal cord paralysis causes a breathy or hoarse voice and an inability to project the voice loudly.
		Vocal cord paralysis may be caused by a variety of disorders or diseases.
	www.entcolumbia.org /vocpar.htm (597 words)

	Air and Phonation
		If the vocal cords are held apart, air can flow between them without being obstructed, so that no noise is produced by the larynx.
		This phonation is a combination of breath and voice, which occurs if the vocal cords do not close completely along their entire length while they are vibrating, the air which flows through the remaining aperture adds whisper to the vocal cord vibrations.
		In this kind of voicing, the vocal cords are stiffened, so that they are very rigid as they vibrate.
	www.phon.ox.ac.uk /~jcoleman/phonation.htm (762 words)

	What is Happening to My Voice, vocal cords, aging, massage, therapy, health, Darby Schlomer
		The inside muscles of the larynx attach to the cartilages and vocal folds and contract to change the position of the vocal cords and vibrate to make the sound waves.
		The tighter the cord is, the higher the voice is. The cords get less elastic, and are unable to perform as they do in a younger person.
		This increased edema is thought to be related to the loss of hormonal influence on the mucosa of the vocal cords comments.
	www.angelfire.com /folk/therapy/vocal.html (844 words)

	Welcome to the Melissa Cross Vocal Studio :: Vocal Solutions and Voice Lessons for a New Breed
		Many hardcore kids ripped their cords to pieces when starting out, and now have perfected their coordination to a point where the thickening of their vocal folds has enabled even more of the sound that they want.
		The singer continues to vocalize even though the cords are chronically swollen from overuse or abuse.
		In the case of a viral, bacterial or allergic scenario, the vocal cords are compromised with fluid.
	www.melissacross.com /melissa_cross_vocal_solution03.php (1003 words)

	Vocal cords deserve the applause North County Times - North San Diego and Southwest Riverside County News - NCTimes.com ...
		The vocal cords are twin folds of throat muscle stretched horizontally across the voice box, or larynx.
		For such a simple construction, vocal cords are capable of an astonishingly wide variety of sounds: the arias of Maria Callas, the wrenching vibrato of Edith Piaf, inarticulate moans and screams, and everyday conversation with the speaker's characteristic lilt and accent.
		If the nerve impulses that signal the vocal cords to move together are blocked, speech is impossible.
	www.nctimes.com /articles/2006/07/30/health/15_46_077_29_06.txt (892 words)

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