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Topic: Vocal fold nodule

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	Vocal Cord Paralysis & Medialization
		Using a horizontal neck incision at the level of the vocal cords, the posterior border of the thyroid cartilage is exposed by transecting the strap muscles and detaching the inferior constrictor from the thyroid.
		Rehabilitation of the immobile vocal fold: paralysis and/or fixation.
		Rehabilitation of the Immobile Vocal Fuld: Paralysis or Fixation.
	www.utmb.edu /otoref/Grnds/Vocal-cord-040428/Vocal-cord-040428.htm (8053 words)

	Nodule Lung -- Recommendations and Resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Nodule growth is one of the slowest of all geological phenomena – in the order of a centimeter over several million years.
		The chemical composition of nodules varies according to the kind of manganese minerals and the size and characteristics of the core.
		From this microcolony, the bacteria enter the developing nodule through a structure called an infection thread, which grows through the root hair into the basal part of the epidermis cell, and onwards into the root cortex; they are then surrounded by a plant-derived membrane and differentiate into bacteroids that fix nitrogen.
	www.becomingapediatrician.com /health/104/nodule-lung.html (1004 words)

	Vocal Nodules (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		First, when such nodules are removed, they tend to recur, presumably because the vocal behavior of such children is difficult to modify, that is, the children remain vocally abusive in the postoperative period.
		The most commonly observed aberrant patterns observed during connected speech are anteroposterior contraction of the larynx (the arytenoids moving forward to obscure the posterior vocal folds), and/or an open posterior glottic chink associated with increased vocal fold stiffness (bilateral decreased amplitude of the mucosal waves on stroboscopy).
		Invariably, vocal improvement correlates with improvement in the laryngeal biomechanics, and normalization of laryngeal biomechanics is associated with resolution of the nodules.
	www1.wfubmc.edu /voice/nodules/vocal_nodules.htm (1056 words)

	Voice Disorders - Vocal Fold Scar
		Although the cutting beam is reasonably precise, it appears that the reaction of the vocal fold tissue is somewhat unpredictable, possibly because of the emitted heat.
		The rehabilitation of scarred vocal folds is one of the greatest clinical challenges in laryngology, and investigational efforts continue in a number of areas.
		Vocal fold scar is one of Dr. Sulica’s special interests, and is a focus of his practice.
	www.voicemedicine.com /vocal_fold_scar.htm (811 words)

	ent_header_01.jpg
		Laryngitis is an inflammation or swelling of the vocal folds.
		Vocal nodules, which are small, benign (noncancerous) growths on the vocal cords, are among the most common voice disorders directly related to vocal abuse.
		A vocal polyp is often associated with long-term cigarette smoking but may also be linked to hypothyroidism (decreased activity of the thyroid gland which is involved in the growth and development of children and energy control in adults), gastroesophageal reflux, or chronic vocal misuse.
	www.vcu.edu /ent/ent_laryngology_voiceabuse.htm (1237 words)

	Pa Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery/PAO-HNS Patient Information
		Visualization of the vocal folds was limited to looking with a mirror placed inside the mouth using regular light, or to direct laryngoscopy (looking directly at the vocal folds through a metal pipe or endoscope) under anesthesia in the operating room.
		Inflammation of the vocal folds is associated with increased capillary fragility and increased risk of vocal fold injury or hemorrhage.
		The fluid retained in the vocal fold during inflammation and hormonal fluid shifts is bound, not free water.
	www.otopa.org /Patient/vocalhealth.html (11324 words)

	Voiceproblem.org: Vocal Fold Nodules, Polyps, Cysts, and Reactive Lesions: Understanding the Disorder (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Vocal fold lesions refer to a group of benign, abnormal growths (lesions) within or along the covering of the vocal fold.
		As with vocal fold polyps and nodules, the size and location of vocal fold cysts affect the degree of disruption of vocal fold vibration and subsequently the severity of hoarseness or vother oice problem.
		The reactive vocal fold lesion is thought to be a callus or reaction from trauma or repeated injury from the lesion on the opposite vocal fold.
	www.voiceproblem.org /disorders/vflesions/understanding.asp (871 words)

	Vocal nodule, vocal exploration, vocal extractor
		Vocal fold nodules are a common cause of dysphonia generally attributed to vocalabuse.
		Vocal cord nodules and polyps are similar conditions that develop mainly fromabuse of the voice (prolonged singing or shouting).
		Describe the effectthat vocal nodules have on the vibration of the vocal folds.
	www.cational-journal.com /vocal/vocal_nodule.html (893 words)

	Vocal fold nodule - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A vocal fold nodule (or "Nodules of vocal cords") is a nodule or mass of tissue that grows on the vocal folds(vocal cords).
		A vocal fold nodule reduces or obstructs the ability of the vocal folds to create the rapid changes in air pressure which generate human speech.
		In October 2006 Jet guitarist and singer Nic Cester was diagnosed with the disease.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Vocal_fold_nodule (412 words)

	eMedicine - Vocal Fold Cysts : Article by John Schweinfurth, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The mucosal wave overlying the cyst is decreased or absent in comparison with the opposite vocal fold because the cyst tethers the mucosa, altering the biomechanical properties of the lamina propria and preventing mucosal wave propagation.
		Nodules and polyps, which are contained entirely within the superficial layers of the lamina propria, usually do not severely hamper mucosal wave propagation (see Vocal Polyps and Nodules).
		The advantage of the lateral microflap is that the incision and the subsequent scar are lateral to the medial surface of the vocal fold.
	www.emedicine.com /ent/topic604.htm (2877 words)

	Vocal, vocal data, vocal remover (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The vocal cords, also known as vocal folds, are composed of twin infoldings of mucous membrane stretched horizontally across the human larynx.
		Vocal She is a vocal coach, holds vocal workshops and is available for studio sessions.
		Vocal Sampling, nominated for 3 Grammy awards for their album "Cambio de Tiempo", is a band where the instruments are.
	www.cational-journal.com /vocal.html (887 words)

	The Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery
		Vocal fold nodules and cysts are benign (non-cancerous) growths which can affect people of all ages.
		Nodules are most often bilateral and are found at the junction of the anterior and middle third of the free edge of the vocal folds.
		There is often thinning of the elastin fibers in the vocal folds, thickening or fibrosis of the collagen fibers, and atrophy of the vocalis muscle.
	www.hopkinsmedicine.org /voice/disorders.html (3308 words)

	A2Z Vocal Health - Throat sprays, lozenges and tips for singers.
		is an inflammation or swelling of the vocal folds.
		A vocal polyp, also called Reinke's edema or polypoid degeneration, is a benign growth that is similar to a vocal nodule but is softer, more like a blister than a callous.
		Anyone who experiences vocal change or hoarseness for more than 2 weeks should be examined by a physician, preferably an otolaryngologist (a physician/surgeon who specializes in diseases of the ears, nose, throat, and head and neck).
	a2zvocalhealth.com /disordersofvocalabuse.html (1713 words)

	Vocal Fold Nodules and Polyps (via CobWeb/3.1 planet03.csc.ncsu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Vocal fold nodules are benign growths on both vocal folds that are caused by vocal abuse.
		Polyps appear on either one or both of the vocal folds and appear as a swelling or bump (like a nodule), a stalk-like growth, or a blister-like lesion.
		Polyps may be caused by prolonged vocal abuse, but may also occur after a single, traumatic event to the vocal folds, such as yelling at a concert.
	www.asha.org.cob-web.org:8888 /public/speech/disorders/nodules_polyps.htm (604 words)

	Case histories - Nodules
		In ABduction the elevations are visible in the middle of the vocal cords.
		In this instance, this vocal overdoer has responded to 6 weeks of speech therapy directed at decreasing the amount of vocal use and other vocal habits.
		She should continue to monitor her vocal swellings with the swelling tests performed daily, to provide her with feedback if she overdoes it.
	www.voicedoctor.net /media/cases/mucosal/nodule/nodule.html (267 words)

	Vocal cord nodules
		For information about the character of vocal nodules see diagnosing benign mucosal disease.
		These small vocal cord elevations or nodules have a tiny capillary in the one on the right.
		Vocal nodules are discrete swellings in the mid portion of the vocal fold, usually bilaterally symmetrical.
	www.voicedoctor.net /media/photo/mucosal/nodules.html (130 words)

	nodule (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Nodules develop when the contents of a comedo have spilled into the surrounding skin and the local immune system responds, producing pus.
		A nodule may result from inflammation, from cancer, or from various deposits in the underlying layers of skin.
		A nodule describes similar aggregation of cells or particles in a number of scientific fields: * In medicine it refers to a small aggregation of cells.
	www.vocamania.com /nodule.aspx (873 words)

	UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		A nasendoscopy performed on 5/15/04 revealed a slight thickening of the superficial layer of her left vocal fold which he characterized as a unilateral vocal nodule.
		Laryngograph: The laryngograph measures the open and closed periods during the vibration of the vocal folds.
		A higher open quotient is suggestive of a higher flow of air through the vocal folds which could be caused by her unilateral nodule.
	students.uwsp.edu /kdunb281/voicedx.htm (746 words)

	Airflow-Based Analysis of Vocal Function (Printer Friendly)
		The proposed method is based on certain very general assumptions related to the nature of glottal waveforms, namely, that (1) the primary excitation of the vocal tract resonances for each glottal cycle occurs during thc glottal closing phase, after the occurrence of the peak glottal flow.
		These assumplions are well supported in the literature and result from the basic physics of vocal fold vibration and vocal tract acoustics.
		Finally, we assume that for the clinical evaluation of vocal fold vibratory behaviour it is sufficient to record such behaviour during an open vowel, such as /æ/ or /a/.
	www.rothenberg.org /Airflow-Based/Airflow-Basedprinterfriendly.htm (4061 words)

	The Case for Vocal Checkups
		This instrument has shown that small benign lesions within the folds of the vocal cords are often present without causing noticeable voice complaints.
		Certain small lesions, such as a swollen nodule or polyp, may be so slight that vocal fold vibration and closure are only minimally impaired.
		The ability of laryngeal stroboscopy to identify even very small lesions in the folds of the vocal cords gives it value to apparently healthy singers as well as to symptomatic ones.
	www.scena.org /lsm/sm3-6/sm3-6thr.htm (382 words)

	ANNALS Sep2000: ACOUSTIC, AERODYNAMIC, AND VIDEOSTROBOSCOPIC FEATURES OF BILATERAL VOCAL FOLD . . . (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		For example, the preferred treatment for vocal fold nodules is voice therapy; in contrast, treatment for a unilateral vocal fold lesion with a contralateral reactive vocal fold lesion (UVFL/RL) usually involves phonosurgery and voice therapy.
		The purpose of this study was to facilitate diagnostic accuracy and improve treatment for patients with bilateral vocal fold lesions by attempting to identify distinct features of patients with either vocal fold nodules or a UVFL/RL with acoustic, aerodynamic, stroboscopic, and patient self-perception measures.
		The results indicated that the patients with a UVFL/RL presented a diagnostic profile that was significantly different from that of patients with vocal fold nodules.
	www.annals.com /abs/annals577.htm (269 words)

	Vocal fold cyst - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Mucus retention cysts occur when a glandular duct becomes blocked and is unable to secrete.
		This can occur after an upper respiratory infection combined with vocal overuse.
		In some cases, the cyst grows larger necessitating surgery to remove the cyst.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Vocal_fold_cyst (260 words)

	Lung Nodule -- Recommendations and Resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		A thyroid nodule is a swelling that develops in the thyroid gland.
		Thyroid nodules can cause trouble for patients in three ways.
		Other topics related to Lung Nodule: Lung Nodules
	www.becomingapediatrician.com /health/89/lung-nodule.html (1002 words)

	Airflow-Based Analysis of Vocal Function
		In the reviscd system, the filtering for Channel 3 was altered to include the approximate F1 inverse filter, and had a reduced low-pass setting, according to our interpretation of the results in Figure 2, A and B, above.
		Figure 4 presents the manually inverse-filtered waveforms from a vocalization by an 11-year-old boy diagnosed as having a vocal nodule.
		M. Some relations between glottal airflow and vocal fold contact area.
	www.rothenberg.org /Airflow-Based/Airflow-Based.htm (4064 words)

	Page normale sans titre
		Perceptual analysis, together with a mirror and/or laryngoscopy examination is usually sufficient in this type of case.
		A hoarse, breathy voice together with bilateral and symmetric whitish, pimple-like lesions on the free edge of the vocal folds and an hourglass pattern of incomplete glottic closure is observed with these examinations.
		Acoustic analysis can also be done and shows a decreased fundamental frequency and an increased jitter and shimmer.
	sprojects.mmi.mcgill.ca /Larynx/clinic/case/case2/ccase22.htm (128 words)

	Guidelines for Referral to Speech-Language Pathologists - Pediatric - Children (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Carcinoma (of vocal tract), Cerebral palsy, chronic respiratory infections, Chronic ear
		Polyps (of vocal tract), Pierre Robin Sequence, Prader Willi Syndrome
		Data was collected from the American Speech and Hearing Association’s National Outcome Measurement System (NOMS) on "What affects progress for preschoolers with articulation disorders?" Of the children who received group therapy and who did not complete a structured home program, only 54% showed some measurable progress.
	speakeffectively.com /guidelines-children.shtml (236 words)

	Vocalist.org archive (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		If surgery is done to remove a nodule, there is a small risk of damage to
		the recurrent laryngeal nerve which could result in vocal fold paralysis.
		cancer, there are to my knowledge, no reasons to remove a nodule.
	www.vocalist.org /group/vocalist-temporary/message/12541.html (107 words)

	[No title]
		Authors: Steven D. Gray M.D., Riitta Ylitalo M.D., Susan Thibeault Ph.D., Marshall Smith M.D. Objective Determine if the gene expression for extracellular matrix proteins and the protein products correlate 1) with lesion type and/or 2) with biomechanical performance as measured by mucosal wave motion.
		Discussion Research is yielding an increasing knowledge base of proteins and genes involved in vocal fold biology.
		This study was conducted to to identify candidate genes or proteins that may be important in laryngeal pathology processes and/or affect the biomechanics of the lamina propria.
	www.ncvs2.org /icvpb/presentations/gray_icvpb.doc (485 words)

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