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Topic: Vocal stress

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	Stress (linguistics) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In linguistics, stress is the emphasis given to some syllables (often no more than one in each word, but in many languages, long words have a secondary stress a few syllables away from the primary stress, as in the words cóunterfòil or còunterintélligence).
		In Slavic-language dictionaries, stress is indicated with an accent mark on a syllable's vowel.
		In Dutch, ad hoc indication of stress is usually done with an acute accent on the vowel, or the first two vowels in case of a diphtong, of the stressed syllable.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Vocal_stress (852 words)

	Vocal loading - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Vocal loading is the stress inflicted on the speech organs when speaking for long periods.
		Several studies in vocal loading show that the speaking environment does have a significant impact on vocal loading.
		Objective evaluation or measurement of vocal loading is very difficult due to the tight coupling of the experienced psychological and physiological stress.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Vocal_loading (636 words)

	Vocal stress: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com - All about Vocal stress (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In linguistics, vocal stress is the accent or emphasis given to each syllable in a piece of writing, as determined by conventional pronunciation.
		Poetry in English depends upon vocal stress to establish the meter of the poem.
		The vocal stress is usually thought of as strong or weak.
	www.encyclopedian.com /vo/Vocal-stress.html (140 words)

	Vocal stress (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In linguistics, stress is the emphasis (shown by forceful and louder voice) given to some syllables (usually no more than one in each word).
		There are also languages like English or Spanish, where stress is unpredictable and arbitrary, being lexical -- it comes as part of the word and must be learned with it.
		There are languages that do not have a stress rule, instead possessing accentual systems based on pitch or tone (i.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/vocal_stress (422 words)

	Stress article - Stress Stress pressure stress (medicine) Vocal stress phonology water - What-Means.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Moisture stress or plant stress is the result of depriving a plant of water.
		This is a disambiguation page; that is, one that points to other pages that might otherwise have the same name.
		Stress article - Stress definition - what means Stress
	www.what-means.com /encyclopedia/Stress (93 words)

	Damaging Vocal Techniques
		I now have a scar on my right vocal cord because of this teacher's dalliance and irresponsibility (he had a huge ego!) Luckily the scar is on the fold and not on the vocal lip.
		This smile of the mouth technique raises the larynx, drops the palate, invites the jaw to move forward, the tone to be bright and thin, and usually the singer is flat in pitch.
		All of this occurred because of the swelling of the vocal cords due to breathy singing.
	www.voiceteacher.com /damaging.html (4900 words)

	The Voice oriented examination - History taking
		A generalization is that most voice disorders cause problems with stiffening the vocal fold and are most detectable at high pitch when extra physiologic stiffness is being applied to the vocal folds.
		At higher pitches this luffing may disappear as tensioning of the vocal folds increases the ability of a flaccid vocal fold to recoil.
		To confirm range we listen for characteristics of a vocal ceiling and vocal floor to determine overall pitch range.
	www.voicedoctor.net /diagnose/vcb.html (1331 words)

	[No title]
		Signals of vocal trauma or irritation may be noticed only during performance or may persist even when the voice is not being used.
		Evidence of vocal mechanism insult, on physicians examination may include vocal cord edema (swelling), hemorrhage (bleeding) and/or nodules ("callouses" on the vocal cords as a result of vocal abuse).
		Vocal Abuse: Among the major causes of voice abuse is improper technique, often resulting from insufficient or incorrect training.
	www.uic.edu /spha/glakes/harts/HARTS_library/musichaz.txt (3094 words)

	The Narragansett Times - News - 01/18/2002 - Vocal stress can betray you in a lie (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Once the Stress Analyzer detects, measures, and displays changes in the voice frequency, they are processed graphically and display a picture of the voice patterns.
		The Stress Analyzer is not restricted to yes or no answers and is able to accurately analyze recordings of unstructured conversations.
		The Stress Analyzer is the latest in human efforts to determine truth from lies, Carlone noted, adding that such systems date back to the onset of civilization and the first recorded criminal investigation: Cain's slaying of his brother Abel, recorded in the Book of Genesis, in which two witnesses were required for a guilty verdict.
	zwire.com /site/news.cfm?newsid=3012995&BRD=1714&PAG=461&...&rfi=6 (906 words)

	American Polygraph Association (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		This document was pivotal in the decision by the Virginia State Legislature to disallow the use of computer voice stress analyzers in criminal investigations.
		Fuller, B.F. Reliability and validity of an interval measure of vocal stress.
		Timm, H. The efficacy of the psychological stress evaluator in detecting deception.
	www.polygraph.org /voicestress.htm (815 words)

	The National Institute For Truth Verification, Voice Stress Analysis and Lie Detection Experts. Manufacturer of the ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		reports that their “research suggests that psychological stress may be detected as acoustic modifications in the fundamental frequency of a speakers voice” and “that the fundamental frequency of the vocal signal is slowly modulated (8-14 Hz) during speech in an emotionally neutral situation.
		The authors concluded that “audio stress can be detected with a voice stress analyzer in psychiatric patients during the course of therapy and that the VSA could serve as a useful tool for this purpose” (Available from Library of Congress).
		Brenner, utilizing a voice stress analyzer, established that the frequency of vocal stress increased as a function of audience size (Available from Library of Congress).
	www.cvsa1.com /studies.php (885 words)

	Singers, Let's Prevent Vocal Problems!
		Loeding advises vocal performers to avoid habits which dry out mucous membrane linings of the nose and throat, such as smoking and drinking alcoholic beverages, to drink eight to nine glasses of water a day, and to keep the air moist by using a vaporizer or turning on the hot shower.
		In 1894, Garcia, for example, offered corrections for vocal faults such as guttural or nasal sounds, tremolo, and slurring the attack of a sound; however, he stated that some of the faults are distressing and extremely difficult to correct.
		Perhaps Luchsinger and Arnold best summarize good vocal hygiene and preventive measures by stating that good vocal hygiene is based upon knowledge of the physiology and pathology of voice production; and two types of measures may be taken to avoid vocal disease: promotion of physical health and prevention of vocal misuse or overexertion.
	www.voiceteacher.com /mathis.html (3850 words)

	Vocal Tip of the Month
		Water protects the vocal cords, voice box, from getting too tight and dry, which can cause vocal nodules, inflamed vocal cords, losing your voice, tired voice, lack of range, no carrying power, and other serious vocal problems.Water brings good health to your entire body and the healthier you are, the better you can sing.
		Hours of daily vocal use, at home, at work, on the job, over top of the tv and stero playing, smog, stress, we dont think of daily life as causing vocal stress, but it can.
		Simply using childhood vocal skills daily, a few minutes here and there, is one of the fastest ways to develop vocal flexibility, carrying power, and a wide emotional and tonal voice range.
	www.healingmusic.net /VocalTipoftheMonthFrame1Source1.htm (2351 words)

	Free Lessons from Your Online Choice for a Better Voice
		Vocal Stress Release was designed to minimize physical stress and create a positive physical state, to enhance vocal production.
		Vocal Stress Release should be performed before any vocal exercises are conducted.
		Stress is stored in your muscles, which produce knots and muscle spasms.
	www.thevoiceconnection.com /lesson1.html (2335 words)

	The National Center for Voice and Speech - Tutorials
		Recall from your background in vocal anatomy that the actions of the cricothyroid (CT) and thyroarytenoid (TA) muscles shorten or lengthen the vocal folds.
		They hypothesize that the vocal ligament (the area between the epithelium and the TA muscle) may play a major role in absorbing stress, leaving the superficial layers loose for vibration at high fundamental frequencies.
		However, the ability to quantify the relationship between amount of muscle in vibration with stress and vocal fold length to predict Fo is essential to scientists modeling various types of phonation.
	www.ncvs.org /ncvs/tutorials/voiceprod/tutorial/cover.html (1223 words)

	Voice Stress Analysis
		It is based on the technology of vocal stress analysis calculated from a series of complex, sophisticated algorithms that detect states of stress, and then measure and grade them accordingly.
		TrusterPro technology pinpoints the cause of stress, and reports back with a determination as to whether a speaker’s stress is caused by a lie, excitement, an exaggeration or cognitive conflict.
		Other types of lie detectors use vocal sensors (microphones, tapes, etc.) to determine the level of honesty by measuring the stress in the voice.
	www.samanagement.co.za /voice_stress_analysis.htm (990 words)

	Speech Investigations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Voice Stress Analysis is the process of determining someone's stress level and type in relation to their statements.
		This stress can be detected in the voice due to the physiological affect it has on the vocal cords.
		Voice stress detection's advantage over other stress detection methods is that it does not require the subject to be connected to equipment and can be accomplished by analyzing a recording of their statements
	discover-net.net /~cntrpnt/cntrpnt/cc/pages/speech.html (244 words)

	Arizona Respiratory Center: Vocal Cord Dysfunction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Normally, the vocal cords open automatically when you inhale, which allows as much air as possible to pass through your windpipe and into your lungs.
		In VCD, however, the vocal cords don't open as they should, which partially blocks your windpipe and makes you feel as though you can't get enough air.
		Because stress can worsen the symptoms of VCD—and VCD can increase levels of stress—many people with VCD have found counseling to be an important part of their treatment.
	resp-sci.arizona.edu /patient-info/child/vocal-cord-dysfunction-k.htm (371 words)

	The National Center for Voice and Speech - Tutorials
		In the vocal folks, stress and length tend to vary at the same time whenever either is changed.
		The amplitude to length ratio of the vocal folds is.001; as a result changes in lung pressure have little effect on fundamental frequency.
		Vocal fold length is the primary variable for adjustment of fundamental frequency.
	www.ncvs.org /ncvs/tutorials/voiceprod/testing/8/test.html (200 words)

	voice hygiene (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Avoid iced beverages, which are roughly 40 degrees colder than your throat and cause the vocal folds to tighten.
		Some ENT physicians recommend that vocal athletes avoid the use of aspirin (unless prescribed for medical circumstances).
		Aspirin may increase the possibility of vocal fold hemorrhaging (bruising) when you use your voice athletically.
	www.elkriver.k12.mn.us /specialed/voice_hygiene.html (389 words)

	Sound Health, Inc
		As the frequencies of the body become chaotic, manifesting symptoms, pain or emotional stress, the vocal print begins to display the same disorganization.
		The high peak on the chart indicated a vocal frequency that was over stimulated.
		Repeated trials have shown that vocal coherence can be an indicator of states of health and mood.
	www.soundhealthinc.com /a9.html (348 words)

	Emotional
		The relative importance of vocal speech parameters for discrimination among emotion, Be zooijen R. van, Boves L (1983).
		Differentation of degree and sign of emotional stress in man on changes in intonational character istics of speech, Frolov M. (1972) Physiological peculiarities of positive and negative emo tional states, Nauka, Moscow, p.
		Vocal indicators of psychological stress, Hollien H. (1980) In: Forensic psychology and psy chiatry (Wright F., Bahn C. and Rieber R. eds).
	cslr.colorado.edu /rspl/STRESS/Emotional.html (1127 words)

	Maintaining Vocal Health
		A conductor's skill at diagnosis of vocal faults must be matched by a willingness to refer students to the proper health care professional.
		This is a copy of a handout presented to students in choral conducting and vocal pedagogy classes at Radford University.
		Moisture is a necessary lubricant of the vocal folds.
	www.radford.edu /~dcastong/ARTARCH/vocal.html (1113 words)

	Education (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The best way to avoid voice problems in professional singers is to educate performers about potential vocal problems before they occur (Mishra et al., 2000).
		However, for the singer with dysphonia who does not know much about the vocal fold functioning, education is the first step in the recovery program.
		vocal hygiene (2) understanding medical problems affecting the voice (3) smoking cessation (4) alcohol, drugs, nutrition and hydration (5) vocal stress (6) vocal exercise (7) singing sick (Murry and Rosen, 2000, Appendix A, B and C).
	web.nmsu.edu /~lleeper/pages/Voice/walukewicz/education.html (105 words)

	VOICE DISORDERS
		A voice is termed "disordered" when the vocal quality of an individual is altered/changed in such a way that it is thought to be abnormal to the listener.
		Definition: a unilateral or bilateral paralysis of the vocal folds occurs when conduction of nerve impulses is temporary blocked, the axons of the nerve section, or the nerve fibers are entirely cut which disturbs glottal closure due to lack of adduction of the affected vocal fold.
		The vocal fold tissue is asymmetrical and glottic closure is usually bothered.
	mick.murraystate.edu /cdi624/fall97/disords.htm (1556 words)

	Popgadget: Personal Tech for Women (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Great...except that vocal stress hasn't been proven to catch liars that accurately.
		While voice stress analysis is undoubtedly picking up signs of stress, there's really no way to determine if the stress is caused because of lying, or perhaps because the topic of conversation is unpleasant.
		More advanced vocal analyzers test many parameters like mental effort, concentration, anger, love, or lust.
	www.popgadget.net /2005/08/truth_detector.html (212 words)

	The Computerized Voice Stress Analyzer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The premise on which voice stress analysis is based is that all speech is comprised of two components.
		A voice stress instrument is designed to monitor and display the variance in microtremors as a person responds to specific questions.
		This hypothesis, however, is somewhat tentative, as research has not yet definitively established the existence of a micro-tremor in the muscles associated with speech; other studies question the relationship between vocal stress and deception.
	www.abanet.org /genpractice/magazine/tpg/palmatr.html (2408 words)

	Free Vocal Tips - Free Vocal Tips - Free Vocal Tips
		The vocal tone is created as airflow bursts through the cleft of the vocal cords causing them to vibrate/oscillate.
		Be sure to rely on a mirror during vocal training, but be able to leave the mirror to face an audience.
		Focusing the vocal tone through the proper resonating chamber with the proper support is important with regard to controlling and developing your personal sound.
	singsmart.com /freesingingtips.html (848 words)

	Voice Minder, personal amplification system. Acoustic aid.From Ginevra Marketing New Zealand. Vocal chord stress. ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		One possible explanation for these symptoms is prolonged elevations in vocal loudness within the classroom.
		This investigation examined the effectiveness of sound-field (FM) amplification on reducing the sound pressure level (SPL) of the teacher’s voice during classroom instruction.
		These data support the use of sound-field amplification in the vocal hygiene regimen recommended to teachers by speech-language pathologists.
	www.voiceminder.co.nz /research.htm (666 words)

	Stress Management for Singers
		In today's fast-paced world stress is a fact of life, regardless of one's profession.
		In this paper a definition and illustrations of stress and stressors will be presented, with discussion of the typical stress response.
		Next will follow an explanation of how stress specifically affects singers physically and psychologically, as well as how to recognize when the singer is under stress.
	www.singershealth.com /stress.html (833 words)

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