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Topic: VOC

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	Organic Gases (Volatile Organic Compounds - VOCs) \| An Introduction to Indoor Air Quality \| Indoor Air \| Air \| US EPA
		Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are emitted as gases from certain solids or liquids.
		VOCs include a variety of chemicals, some of which may have short- and long-term adverse health effects.
		VOCs are emitted by a wide array of products numbering in the thousands.
	www.epa.gov /iaq/voc.html (1366 words)

	VOC-Kenniscentrum
		In 2002 is het 400 jaar geleden dat de Verenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie (VOC) werd opgericht.
		De VOC was in zijn tijd een omvangrijke en complexe organisatie.
		Het KITLV is een instituut van de Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen (KNAW).
	www.voc-kenniscentrum.nl (121 words)

	VOC-Links
		VOC 1602 - 2002 Beelden en betekenis, zeer uitgebreid.
		VOC schatten ontdekt in Zuid Afrika (Brederode) Dutch
		VOC Fort Naarden of Negapatnam on the Coromandel English
	www.londoh.com /voc_links.htm (1016 words)

	The MSDS HyperGlossary: Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC's)
		TVOC stands for Total VOC's and is the concentration of all VOC's in a given sample (there may be several different VOC's present in a sample).
		A VOC number, VOC rating, or VOC content expresses the amount of volatile material in a sample, either in pounds per gallon, grams per liter or as a percentage by mass.
		VOC's such as hydrocarbon (gasoline, petroleum distillates) emissions from cars and trees are important contributors to photochemical smog.
	www.ilpi.com /msds/ref/voc.html (687 words)

	Dossier 400 jaar VOC
		De VOC, die bestond van 1602 tot 1799, beheerste in de twee eeuwen van haar bestaan de handel in peper en specerijen tussen Nederland en AziÃ«.
		In plaatsen waar voorcompagnieÃ«n bestonden of in oprichting waren werden nu kamers van de VOC gevestigd.
		De VOC werd gefinancierd met particulier kapitaal in de vorm van aandelen, dat bovendien niet na afloop van een reis werd terugbetaald.
	www.kb.nl /dossiers/voc/voc.html (687 words)

	VOC history - VOCWiki
		It has been suggested (1959 VOC handbook) that the club was formed in 1922 by a group of engineers who also build the first club cabin on Hollyburn.
		A desire to record the club's activities gave rise to the VOC Journal in 1958, just in time for the numerous first ascents made in the lat 50's and early 60's.
		Years of ligitation followed, until VOC won partial recompense through a student referendum in 1980; the money recovered was promptly invested in a series of mountain huts, the first of which was placed on Mt. Brew in 1982 and the second, Harrison Hut in the Overseer area in 1983.
	ubc-voc.com /wiki/VOC_history (787 words)

	TANAP - VOC / Organization
		The VOC captured the monopoly in 1667 by extirpation of the trees on various islands of the Moluccas and concentration the crop on Ambon.
		By means of this the VOC was able to finance the costly military operations which were necessary to win the world monopoly on fine spices.
		in the Moluccas, the VOC succeeded in concentrating this crop in Ambon.
	www.tanap.net /content/voc/organization/organization_intro.htm (1069 words)

	World Trade Center - VOC Monitoring near the World Trade Center
		The higher levels of VOC compounds downwind of the site are not likely to last for an extended period of time (for example, the fires will be put out and the wind direction changes).
		VOC concentrations on the roofs were not substantially different from street-level VOC concentrations at each of the sampling sites, including 140 Broadway (53 stories high).
		Although the highest levels of VOCs were found in samples from the plume at the WTC debris pile, these results are not likely to represent the potential exposure of the residents.
	www.health.state.ny.us /nysdoh/alert/voc/voc.htm (2033 words)

	VOC (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Both the VOC's successes and some of her failures are related to the monopoly status given to her by the Dutch government, the States-General, in its foundation charter in 1602.
		VOC goods reaching Holland were passed on to the Chambers at cost price, and this practice was followed in all transactions between its Asian 'factories'.
		The VOC failure to issue shares to raise further capital was one of its fundamental failings.
	gutenberg.net.au /VOC.html (5388 words)

	Chapter 4 - VOCs in Samples from Drinking-Water Supply Wells
		VOC detection frequencies for domestic well samples were determined using a two-tiered assessment level approach of 0.2 µg/L for 2,401 wells and 0.02 µg/L for a subset of 1,208 wells.
		VOC concentrations of potential human-health concern in domestic well samples were predominantly for fumigants and solvents: (A) the fumigant DBCP accounted for nearly one-half of all these concentrations; and (B) concentrations of fumigants were most common in California.
		VOC concentrations of potential concern for domestic wells were located predominantly in the Central Valley and other areas of California, whereas concentrations of potential concern for public wells generally occurred in southern California and in the New England and Mid-Atlantic States.
	water.usgs.gov /nawqa/vocs/national_assessment/report/chapter4.html (3202 words)

	APLA - Programs - Work Services - Voc Rehab
		Voc Rehab counselors score you according to the severity of your disability.
		Voc Rehab must prove that their services are “required” to assist you.
		Voc Rehab is often a difficult bureaucracy to deal with.
	www.apla.org /programs/workservices/vocrehab.html (749 words)

	Voyages and Expeditions
		The VOC ship Batavia under the command of Commander Francois Pelsaert was wrecked on Morning Reef in the Wallabi Group of the Abrolhos Islands just 60 km off the coast of Geraldton, Western Australia.
		VOC cartographers were able to map all known chartings of most of the continent except the eastern part which still remained a mystery.
		VOC ship Vergulde Draeck (also known as Gilt Dragon) under the command of Pieter Albertszoon ran onto a reef 5 kms off the coast of Western Australia south west of where the town of Ledge Point is now and was wrecked.
	www.voc.iinet.net.au /voyages.html (1779 words)

	LBNL-IED-Ventilation and Indoor Environmental Quality-Indoor VOC's
		Field studies have demonstrated that occupants of office buildings are exposed to low concentrations of complex mixtures of VOCs that encompass a number of chemical classes and a broad range of potencies with respect to their potential to cause sensory irritation.
		Using data from the CHBS, seven VOC exposure metrics were developed and their ability to predict self-reported SBS irritant symptoms of office workers was tested (Ten Brinke et al., 1998).
		The VOC metrics were each evaluated in a multivariate logistic regression analysis model that was adjusted for other risk factors of confounders known to affect symptom reporting.
	eetd.lbl.gov /iep/viaq/v_voc_6.html (494 words)

	Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC's)
		VOC's are those organic chemicals (pesticides, herbicides, and other chemicals) that are "readily vaporizable at a relatively low temperature" (Webster's Collegiate Dictionary).
		VOC's s can cause cancer; kidney liver, and brain damage; and damage to the nervous, reproductive, and immune systems.
		Some VOC's are "endocrine impostors" that mimic hormones "triggering biological reactions that wreak havoc in the brain, and in the immune and reproductive systems" (Water Systems News and Home Water Report).
	home.att.net /~wfm/vocs.html (510 words)

	WDNR - Volatile Organic Chemicals in Drinking Water
		VOC's are a group of commonly used chemicals that evaporate, or volatilize, when exposed to air.
		VOC's are found at airports and service stations; machine, print and paint shops; electronics and chemical plants; dry cleaning establishments; and in household products.
		Often VOC contamination is caused by local spills or dumping and is confined to a rather small geographical area (although there may often be more than one suspected source of VOC's in the area).
	www.dnr.state.wi.us /org/water/dwg/voc.htm (1651 words)

	Low- or No-VOC Paints
		VOC levels are expressed in pounds per gallon (lbs/gal) or grams per liter (g/l).
		The regulations limit VOC content of flat paint to 250 g/l and non-flat to 380 g/l.
		OTC regulations require VOC content of flat paint to be 100 g/l or less; non-flat paint 150 g/l or less.
	www.toolbase.org /techinv/techDetails.aspx?technologyID=230 (710 words)

	VOC's in the Nation's Ground Water: Sidebars
		VOCs are a subset of organic compounds with inherent physical and chemical properties that allow these compounds to move between water and air.
		The release of VOCs from a LUST is an example of such contamination and commonly results in concentrations of VOCs in ground water near the source at the milligram or gram per liter level.
		For VOCs with these dual origins, information on the sources of both the parent and potential by-product to ground water would be helpful to determine whether a detected VOC was a degradation by-product or a result of anthropogenic use.
	water.usgs.gov /nawqa/vocs/national_assessment/report/sidebars.html (7009 words)

	MPCA - Criteria Air Pollutant: Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Characteristics: Volatile organic compounds (VOC) are a principal component in atmospheric reactions that form ozone and other photochemical oxidants.
		VOCs are emitted from diverse sources, including automobiles, chemical manufacturing facilities, drycleaners, paint shops and other commercial and residential sources that use solvent and paint.
		Sources: VOCs are emitted from transportation and industrial sources, such as automobile exhaust, gasoline/oil storage and transfer, chemical manufacturing, dry cleaners, paint shops and other facilities using solvents.
	www.pca.state.mn.us /air/emissions/voc.html (186 words)

	Volunteers for Outdoor Colorado: VOC
		VOC’s mission is to motivate and enable citizens to be active stewards of Colorado’s public lands, thereby creating enthusiastic and beneficial stewardship of Colorado’s natural and cultural resources.
		In 1984, VOC’s founders undertook a challenging and unique approach to protecting and preserving Colorado’s public lands from the enormous impacts caused by exploding population growth, dramatic increases in the numbers of people playing outdoors, and declining public land management budgets.
		VOC began with the vision that citizens, through hands on volunteerism, would deepen their connection to the state’s open spaces, parks, rivers, and trails and become actively engaged in taking care of Colorado’s outstanding natural resources.
	www.voc.org /page.php?pname=info/voc (560 words)

	VOC EMISSIONS - STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLAN
		This plan is designed to reduce volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from agricultural and commercial structural pesticide applications by a maximum of 20 percent from the 1990 baseline emission inventory to the year 2005.
		The goal of the DPR program is to reduce VOC emissions from the agricultural and structural use of pesticides by a maximum of 20 percent from 1990 to 2005 in air districts which have formally adopted a State Implementation Plan.
		A number of the critical aspects to achieve VOC emission reductions from the use of pesticides are in effect and enforceable.
	www.cdpr.ca.gov /docs/dprdocs/sip/sip.htm (2832 words)

	VOC
		Where the other colonies had settlers who were living in luxury with their families and overseeing the plantations and other VOC assets, the Cape's became a colony of farmers or "boeren" as the Dutch would term it, who were under contract to sell their produce to the Company itself.
		Some VOC ships were commissioned to fetch slaves from the West African coast, mainly Angola, but after a few such ventures the West Indian Company put a stop to that, as it was encroaching on their own lucrative trade with the America's.
		When the VOC finally lost control of it's holdings to the British a population of 26,000 'white settlers' (descendants of the founding families and immigrants that had poured in over the years), 30,000 slaves, and 20,000 Khoikhoi called the Cape Colony their fatherland.
	www.geocities.com /sa_stamouers/voc.htm (3577 words)

	Pfizer EHS \| EHS Profile \| Volatile Organic Compounds (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Many photochemically reactive volatile organic compounds (VOCs), when released to the atmosphere, can react with nitrogen oxides and sulfur to form smog and ground-level ozone which can be harmful to human health and the environment.
		Half of our VOC emission reductions are due to process changes and the installation or enhancement of emission control technologies.
		Nonetheless, we are committed to reducing our VOC releases to the wells, which are permitted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the State of Michigan.
	www.pfizer.com /ehs/environ/voc.html (379 words)

	Biogenic VOC and ozone
		However, VOCs are also released by trees, and in many parts of the world these biogenic emissions of VOC exceed anthropogenic emissions.
		Thanks to the hard work of many ecologists we are now able to estimate VOC emissions, how they are changing, how they are likely to change in response to future policy changes and changes in climate, and were are better able to understand and guide future changes in policy regarding emissions of ozone precursors.
		Well, VOCs are known to be important for ozone, but assessing the actual impact of the changs in biogenic emissions in terms of changes in ozone concentrations is very difficult.
	www.eeb.princeton.edu /~dpurves/voc_ozone.htm (1739 words)

	VOC compliant concrete sealers
		VOC regulations get tougher and tougher, and with states like California and New York operating under even stringent VOC regulations than the federal standard, it has become a necessity to find new alternatives.
		That’s why we took the initiative to invest time and resources to develop new solvent base sealers that would meet all the VOC regulations throughout the country.
		We at Decosup are proud to introduce our new line of VOC compliant dealers, which are made with the same technology and resin than our regular sealers but with different solvent blends and solids contents that allow us to meet all the Federal and State levels.
	www.decosup.com /voc-concrete-sealers.html (271 words)

	Volatile Organic Compounds - VOCs - Federal Regulations
		Although state definitions (including exemptions) are generally the same as the EPA definition, a solvent user should be aware of the precise definition that applies in his or her state.
		One significant new development in the regulation of volatile organic compounds involves the use of “relative reactivity” to rank a chemical’s potential to contribute to the formation of ground-level ozone.
		Recognizing that different VOCs behave differently, the California Air Resources Board has developed a compliance option for aerosol coating products that permits the product to contain more total VOCs than would otherwise be allowable provided the overall photochemical reactivity of the product does not exceed a specified relative reactivity.
	www.americansolventscouncil.org /regulatory/VOC.asp (558 words)

	VOC Dutch East India company documents.
		In order to improve this function the VOC admitted free citizens who were allowed to settle as farmers and in this way enlarge the production of victuals.
		The documents are in a neat writing and in the Dutch language, several with on verso a decorative red wax seal carrying a Dutch East-Indiaman with the monogram in the ensign.
		HERMANUS DOEUENBERGH ondercoopman van de VOC althans op sijn v(er)trecq na Batavia staende een volmacht aan JACOBUS HINLOPER dispencier in bovenstaande dienst aan Cabo de Boa Esperance om namens hem de zaken waar te nemen.
	www.swaen.com /voc.html (3547 words)

	Voice of the Customer Investigation
		VOC is intended to better understand these customer needs and prioritize how important each of these needs are to the customer.
		VOC attempts to find how customers value the various functions and features of a product or their worth to the customer.
		Based on this, we would be able to identify the specific customers or customer characteristics that we would want to investigate with the VOC effort, This would be followed by planning sessions where we would work with your personnel to develop a plan of how we would undertake a VOC investigation.
	www.npd-solutions.com /voccons.html (738 words)

	Volatile Organic Compunds (VOCs) in Your Home: Environmental Health in Minnesota
		VOC exposures are often associated with an odor while other times there is no odor.
		Many studies have shown VOC levels are higher in indoor air than outdoor air.
		Persons with respiratory problems such as asthma, young children, elderly, and persons with heightened sensitivity to chemicals may be more susceptible to illness from VOC exposure.
	www.health.state.mn.us /divs/eh/indoorair/voc (672 words)

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