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Topic: Voice onset time

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	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal
		Tenuis stops have a voice onset time close to zero, meaning that voicing begins when the stop is released.
		Voiced stops have a negative voice onset time, meaning the voicing begins before the stop is released.
		Aspirated stops have a voice onset time greater than zero, so that there is a period of voiceless airflow (a phonetic) before the onset of the vowel.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Occlusive (1092 words)

	Stop consonant - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Tenuis stops have a voice onset time close to zero, meaning that voicing begins when the stop is released.
		Voiced stops have a negative voice onset time, meaning the voicing begins before the stop is released.
		Aspirated stops have a voice onset time greater than zero, so that there is a period of voiceless airflow (a phonetic [h]) before the onset of the vowel.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Plosive_consonant (1006 words)

	Omnipelagos.com ~ article "Voice onset time" (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In phonetics, voice onset time, commonly abbreviated VOT, is the length of time that passes between when a consonant is released and when voicing, the vibration of the vocal cords, begins.
		The length of the VOT in such cases is a practical measure of aspiration: The longer the VOT, the stronger the aspiration.
		Voiced plosives have a voice onset time noticeably less than zero, a negative VOT, meaning the vocal cords start vibrating before the stop is released.
	www.omnipelagos.com /entry?n=voice_onset_time (461 words)

	News \| Gainesville.com \| The Gainesville Sun \| Gainesville, Fla. (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Voiced stops are articulated with simultaneous vibration of the vocal cords, voiceless stops without.
		The duration between the release of the stop and the voice onset is called voice onset time (VOT).
		Aspirated stops have a voice onset time greater than zero, so that there is a period of voiceless airflow (a phonetic) before the onset of the vowel.
	www.gainesville.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=plosive (1060 words)

	5aSP17 Changes in voice-onset time in speakers with cochlear implants. (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Voice-onset time (VOT) was measured for the English plosives in /C(open aye)/ context spoken by three female and one male postlingually deafened recipients of multi-channel (Ineraid) cochlear implants.
		Increases in glottal aperture are expected to inhibit the onset of voicing in the plosives [K. Stevens, Phonetica 34, 264--279 (1977)].
		Consequently, some or all of the observed increases in VOT with activation of the implant processors may be due to ``postural'' adjustments of the larynx.
	www.auditory.org /asamtgs/asa93dnv/5aSP/5aSP17.html (235 words)

	The Dispatch - Serving the Lexington, NC - News
		An easy way to measure this is by noting the consonant's voice onset time, as the voicing of a following vowel cannot begin until the vocal cords close.
		(See voice onset time.) An old IPA symbol for light aspiration was (that is, like a rotated ejective symbol), but this is no longer commonly used.
		However, such "voiced aspiration", also known as breathy voice or murmur">breathy voice or murmur, is less ambiguously transcribed with dedicated diacritics, either or.
	www.the-dispatch.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=aspiration_(phonetics) (664 words)

	Science Fair Projects - Stop consonant
		Voiceless stops can be considered to have a voice onset time of zero, meaning voicing begins as soon as the stop is released.
		Thus aspirated stops are stops that have a voice onset time greater than zero.
		Because it may be hard to tell which one of these features is predominant, the terms fortis and lenis are sometimes used (in their broader sense).
	www.all-science-fair-projects.com /science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/Plosive (860 words)

	Voice Onset Time
		Voice Onset Time (VOT) is an acoustic measure that was proposed in the early 60's by my colleagues and friends at Haskins, Arthur S. Abramson and Leigh Lisker.
		The measure consists of the temporal interval between the release of a stop consonant and the onset of glottal vibrations in the following vowel.
		The arrows indicate the release burst of the stop consonant and the onset of glottal vibrations for the vowel.
	www1.ldc.lu.se /~logopedi/department/andy/Perturbations/VOT.html (199 words)

	LISTSERV 14.4
		Voice onset time is the timing difference between the release of a sound and starting to make the vocal folds vibrate.
		Voice onset time thus explains the difference between aspirated and unaspirated consonants.
		If the voice onset time is very small, then the consonant is perceived as unaspirated, while if the VOT is large enough, he consonant will be an aspirated one.
	listserv.linguistlist.org /cgi-bin/wa?A2=ind9805b&L=linguist&D=1&F=&S=&P=3725 (270 words)

	Leigh Lisker
		Eggermont, Jos J. (1995) "Representation of a voice onset time continuum in primary auditory cortex of the cat" J. Acoust.
		Klatt, D.H. Voice Onset Time, frication, and aspiration in word-initialconsonant clusters.
		Pind, J. The role of F1 in the perception of voice onset time and voice offset time.
	www.haskins.yale.edu /STAFF/lisker/lisker-vot.html (1402 words)

	The Voice oriented examination - History taking
		The speaking voice is typically near the lowest end of the patient’s pitch range and using the speaking voice could be likened to measuring the hearts ability to pump while sitting down at rest.
		A generalization is that most voice disorders cause problems with stiffening the vocal fold and are most detectable at high pitch when extra physiologic stiffness is being applied to the vocal folds.
		Since the speaking voice is typically at the bottom end of a patients pitch range, it takes a significant amount of stiffness to cause a disordered speaking voice.
	www.voicedoctor.net /diagnose/vcb.html (1331 words)

	VOICE ONSET TIME
		For /ba/ the voicing starts when the speech sound starts; for /pa/ the voicing is delayed by about 65 milliseconds Figure 3 illustrates the difference in Voice Onset Time(VOT) for /ba/ and /pa/ in the 1st (lower) formant relative to the start of the transition of the 2nd format.
		Voice Onset Time (VOT) is the delay between the start of the speech sound and the beginning of vocal cord vibration.
		VOT distinguishes between /ba/ and /pa/, /ga/ and /ka/, etc. The first of each pair has delay in vocal cord vibration; the second normally has a delay of about 65
	www.indiana.edu /~p1013447/dictionary/vot.htm (289 words)

	APStracts 6:0382N, 1999. (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Voice onset time (VOT) is an important parameter of speech that denotes the time interval between consonant onset and the onset of low frequency periodicity generated by rhythmic vocal cord vibration.
		In contrast, the syllable with a VOT of 20 msec evoked a markedly diminished response to voicing onset, and elicited an AEP very similar in morphology to that evoked by the syllable with a 0 msec VOT.
		This study demonstrates that VOT is at least partially represented in primary and specific secondary auditory cortical fields by synchronized activity time-locked to consonant release and voicing onset.
	www.uth.tmc.edu /apstracts/1999/jn/August/382n.html (480 words)

	Lecture 1 LG307/507 Experiments in Spoken Language (Site not responding. Last check: )
		VOT is concerned with the relationship between voiceless segment and a following voiced segment at the leading edge of a syllable.
		Voice Onset Time refers to the timing of the beginning of vocal cord vibration in CV sequences relative to the timing of the consonant release.
		Voiced sounds are defined articulatorily, with the vocal cords in position to enable them to vibrate in an airflow.
	www.essex.ac.uk /speech/teaching-01/307/vot1-tams.html (792 words)

	Voice onset time (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Simple voiceless plosives, sometimes called tenuis, have a voice onset time at or near zero, meaning that the voicing of a following sonorant (such as a vowel) begins at or near to when the stop is released.
		The period between the release of the stop and the onset of voicing is what constitutes the aspiration.
		A voicing duration greater than the length of the plosive may manifests itself as prenasalization.
	www.punweb.com /article/Voice_onset_time (318 words)

	Stop consonant - Psychology Wiki - a Wikia wiki (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Tenuis stops have a voice onset time close to zero, meaning that voicing begins when the stop is released.
		Voiced stops have a negative voice onset time, meaning the voicing begins before the stop is released.
		Aspirated stops have a voice onset time greater than zero, so that there is a period of voiceless airflow (a phonetic [h]) before the onset of the vowel.
	psychology.wikia.com /wiki/Stop_consonant (1135 words)

	Dysarthria Characteristics
		Sometimes the voice of a patient with spastic dysarthria is described as strained or strangled (Duffy, 1995).
		For this reason, it may be necessary to address the patient's voice problem although there is usually a trade-off between improving pitch/intonation and improving intelligibility.
		If a Parkinson's patient with hypokinetic dysarthria cannot learn to speak more loudly through the use of monitoring techniques or the use of short phrases, he or she might be provided with an electro-larynx or computer hardware/software as a way of increasing vocal volume.
	www.csuchico.edu /~pmccaff/syllabi/SPPA342/342unit14.html (3458 words)

	Chapter 12 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		voiced and voiceless is not the only distinction in glottal adjustment used in languages: voice onset time (VOT) is also common.
		o negative value means that voicing onset precedes the release of the stop.
		o positive value for VOT means voicing onset occurs after the release of the stop.
	www.chass.utoronto.ca /~nrosen/lecture10.html (517 words)

	Speech Perception Laboratory
		VOT is a temporal property that robustly specifies voicing in stop consonants.
		Moreover, when differences in VOT due to variability in speaking rate across the talkers were factored out using hierarchical linear modeling, individual talkers still differed from one another in VOT, though these differences were attenuated.
		In a preliminary experiment that involved acoustic measurement of natural speech, it was confirmed that as place of articulation moves from labial to velar, VOT increases, and it was established that this occurs across a range of speaking rates (syllable durations).
	www.psych.neu.edu /miller/SPLpubabs.html (2458 words)

	Temporal Encoding of the Voice Onset Time Phonetic Parameter by Field Potentials Recorded Directly From Human Auditory ...
		Temporal Encoding of the Voice Onset Time Phonetic Parameter by Field Potentials Recorded Directly From Human Auditory Cortex -- Steinschneider et al.
		Temporal Encoding of the Voice Onset Time Phonetic Parameter by Field Potentials Recorded Directly From Human Auditory Cortex.
		Voice onset time (VOT) is an important parameter of speech that denotes the time interval between consonant onset and the
	jn.physiology.org /cgi/content/abstract/82/5/2346 (709 words)

	Contextual Summaries of Selected Publications of Martin Rothenberg [rev
		In English phonology, this laryngeal gesture is normally produced with a timing that synchronizes the initial phase of the glottal opening movement with the onset of contact phase of the closing articulatory gesture.
		The response time requirement was met by finding a differential pressure measurement system with a faster response time than the transducers used for respiratory work that would still be sensitive enough to measure pressures less than a tenth of the subglottal pressure (to keep mask back-pressure low).
		The general conclusion for breathy voicing is that the acoustic inertance near the glottis acts as a low pass filter for the glottal source function, reducing the proportion of energy at the second and higher formant frequencies, as compared to the increase in the proportion of higher formant energy in non-breathy voicing.
	www.rothenberg.org /summaries.htm (6230 words)

	IngentaConnect Voice onset time of Afrikaans speaking children aged four to seve... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		IngentaConnect Voice onset time of Afrikaans speaking children aged four to seve...
		The scarcity of developmental voice onset time (VOT) data for pre-school children of different languages, limits deductions regarding the influence of linguistic and age factors on VOT.
		The purpose of this study was to obtain normative, acoustic information regarding the nature of VOT of voiced and voiceless Afrikaans stops in ten children, ranging in age from 4.0-7.0 years.
	www.ingentaconnect.com /content/nisc/ling/2002/00000020/F0020001/art00005;jsessionid=1rrh8l6mbjs12.victoria (267 words)

	Stops: timing (Site not responding. Last check: )
		English voiced stops are often fully voiced between vowels, but usually only partially voiced (and sometimes even voiceless unaspirated).
		Voiceless stops in French are typically unaspirated (i.e., no delay between the release and the onset of voicing).
		In English, the delay in voice onset after an aspirated stop will occur whether the following sound is a vowel or a consonant.
	www.umanitoba.ca /linguistics/russell/138/sec3/timing.htm (412 words)

	5pSP21 Voice onset time contrasts in the speech of profoundly hearing (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Voice onset time contrasts in the speech of profoundly hearing impaired children.
		Measurements of voice onset time (VOT) were made from the waveforms.
		Preliminary results from one group of children revealed the voiced and voiceless distinction was correctly produced for bilabial and alveolar stops at both dates.
	www.auditory.org /asamtgs/asa94mit/5pSP/5pSP21.html (228 words)

	[No title]
		Since the discriminating difference between these two phonemes relevant to English is in their voicing, the ability to adequately perceive voicing is crucial for an adept listener; for example, as the rate of speech increases, listeners are able to shift their criterion of what constitutes a voiceless phoneme.
		This refers to the time between the beginning of the pronunciation of the word and the onset of the vibration of the vocal chords.
		This means that a range of voice onset times are perceived as "ba" and a different range of voice onset times are perceived as "pa".
	www.bsos.umd.edu /hesp/mwinn/LANE.doc (1215 words)

	Cornell University Linguistics Department
		This dissertation examines the timing properties of geminates in Bernese (a dialect of Swiss German), Hungarian, Levantine Arabic, and Madurese (an Austronesian language of Indonesia).
		I argue that differences in geminate timing are ultimately correlated with whether a language is syllable- or mora-timed, such that geminates in the former type are typically shorter.
		I attribute the frequency of voicing lenition to the documented tendency for shorter segments to be perceived as voiced and I attribute the frequency of lenition described as fricativization to reinterpretation of an incomplete seal as a fricative.
	ling.cornell.edu /clcpubs/dissertations.html (5508 words)

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