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Topic: Volatile organic compounds

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	Organic Gases (Volatile Organic Compounds - VOCs) \| An Introduction to Indoor Air Quality \| Indoor Air \| Air \| US EPA
		Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are emitted as gases from certain solids or liquids.
		The ability of organic chemicals to cause health effects varies greatly from those that are highly toxic, to those with no known health effect.
		Many organic compounds are known to cause cancer in animals; some are suspected of causing, or are known to cause, cancer in humans.
	www.epa.gov /iaq/voc.html (1356 words)

	Volatile organic compound - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are organic chemical compounds that have high enough vapour pressures under normal conditions to significantly vaporize and enter the atmosphere.
		(The term VOC is also occasionally used as an abbreviation, especially in biological contexts, for "volatile organic carbon".) A wide range of carbon-based molecules, such as aldehydes, ketones, and hydrocarbons are VOC's.
		Some types of VOC (phytoncides) are used in aromatherapy and holistic medicine and are a factor in locating some sanitoriums and health farms and in oak or pine forests.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Volatile_Organic_Compounds (895 words)

	Volatile Organic Compounds
		Volatile organic compounds are those organic compounds that have boiling points roughly in the range of 50-250
		Identification and measurement of individual VOCs are expensive and time-consuming, and invariably the total is underestimated because the VOCs present at very low concentrations are difficult to identify or measure.
		Thermal desorption is used to transfer the VOCs from the tube to a GC or a GC/MS.
	www.hc-sc.gc.ca /ewh-semt/pubs/air/office_building-immeubles_bureaux/organic-organiques_e.html (1769 words)

	VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Volatile organic compounds are a hugely important and fascinating area of science.
		We are most intimately bound up in volatile organic compounds, from birth to death and all points between the study of volatile organic compounds has much to tell us about the human condition.
		Volatile organic compounds are strongly associated with environmental pollution.
	dias.umist.ac.uk /CLPT/vocs.htm (708 words)

	Mycotoxins and Volatile Organic Compounds (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Testing for VOC’s is often accomplished by using vacuum cylinders to obtain samples of the air with laboratory analysis obtained from sophisticated test instruments (gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer).
		Lab and field studies have shown these compounds to produce severe toxic effects in both animals and humans and therefore, the general recommendation is to minimize exposure to potentially toxigenic mold.
		In order to identify these toxic compounds, laboratories must have a sufficient quantity of toxin-containing spores and carefully process them through sophisticated and expensive equipment that is capable of isolating chemicals down to billionths of an gram (remember, mold spores are microscopic so what is contained within it’s cell wall is extremely small).
	www.toxicmoldusa.com /mycotoxins_vocs.htm (1386 words)

	Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC's)
		Volatile Organic Chemicals (VOC's) are contaminants that may be found in drinking water supplies across the nation.
		VOC's are those organic chemicals (pesticides, herbicides, and other chemicals) that are "readily vaporizable at a relatively low temperature" (Webster's Collegiate Dictionary).
		Some VOC's are "endocrine impostors" that mimic hormones "triggering biological reactions that wreak havoc in the brain, and in the immune and reproductive systems" (Water Systems News and Home Water Report).
	home.att.net /~WFM/vocs.html (510 words)

	EUROPA - Environment - Air Pollution - Stationary Source Emissions
		Organic solvents are used in a large number of industrial processes and, due to their volatility, they are emitted either directly or indirectly into air in many of these processes.
		Directive 94/63/EC aims to prevent emissions to the atmosphere of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during the storage of petrol at terminals and its subsequent distribution to service stations.
		Directive 1999/13/EC on the limitation of emissions of volatile organic compounds due to the use of organic solvents in certain activities and installations (the so-called VOC Solvents Directive) is the main instrument for the reduction of VOC emissions in the European Community.
	www.europa.eu.int /comm/environment/air/stationary.htm (1862 words)

	Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)
		Volatile Organic Compounds or VOCs are organic chemicals that easily vaporize at room temperature.
		Methane is an important component of VOCs, its environmental impact principally related to its contribution to global warming and to the production of ground level or lower atmosphere ozone.
		In comparison to other pollutants, the monitoring of VOCs in the UK is not yet well developed and there is no long term database of information.
	www.ace.mmu.ac.uk /eae/Air_Quality/Older/VOCs.html (298 words)

	[No title]
		Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are commonly referred to as organic solvents.
		These compounds are generally found as constituents of many degreasers, industrial cleaners, spot/stain removers, paint thinners, in some paints, varnishes and lacquers, in many paint removers/strippers, in many pesticides/herbicides, in most dry cleaning chemicals, in many printing inks and printing press chemicals, in most petroleum products including many types of fuels.
		Isoprene is a volatile organic compound that is emitted in large quantities by forest vegetation.
	www.lycos.com /info/organic-compound--volatile-organic-compound.html (533 words)

	ECS::Volatile Organic Compounds - Airborne Chemical Compounds
		VOC have been discovered to cause or contribute to extreme sickness and diseases.
		While VOC are capable of severely debilitating the immune system, as well as causing cancer and death, many are undetectable by the human sensory system.
		Irritation to the respiratory tract caused by airborne formaldehyde.
	www.aenvirocure.com /aec_eng.cgi?PLOAD=VOC (416 words)

	MPCA - Criteria Air Pollutant: Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Characteristics: Volatile organic compounds (VOC) are a principal component in atmospheric reactions that form ozone and other photochemical oxidants.
		VOCs are emitted from diverse sources, including automobiles, chemical manufacturing facilities, drycleaners, paint shops and other commercial and residential sources that use solvent and paint.
		The term, volatile organic compound is defined in federal rules as a chemical that participates in forming ozone.
	www.pca.state.mn.us /air/emissions/voc.html (186 words)

	Volatile organic compound Summary
		Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are organic chemical compounds that have high enough vapour pressures under normal conditions to significantly vaporize and enter the atmosphere.
		Other hydrocarbon VOCs are also significant greenhouse gases via their role in creating ozone and in prolonging the life of methane in the atmosphere, although the effect varies depending on local air quality.
		Some types of VOC (phytoncides) are used in aromatherapy and holistic medicine and are a factor in locating some sanitoriums and health farms and in oak or pine forests.
	www.bookrags.com /Volatile_organic_compound (1670 words)

	Ap Note 36 - Identification of Volatiles In New Automobile
		Because many of the volatile emissions and by-products from these products are toxic, additional knowledge of the levels of these organic compounds in the car's interior is required in order to determine human health impacts.
		The desorbed volatiles were trapped at the front of the GC column and subsequently eluted through the GC column for detection and identification by the mass spectrometer.
		Although the concentrations of VOC's were significantly reduced over time in a new automobile, the exposure of the public to such compounds that were identified should be of concern to both the automobile industry and health officials.
	www.sisweb.com /referenc/applnote/app-36-a.htm (1344 words)

	WDNR - Volatile Organic Chemicals in Drinking Water
		Volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) are used to make the solvents, cleaners, and degreasers which are found in many industrial and household products.
		VOC's are a group of commonly used chemicals that evaporate, or volatilize, when exposed to air.
		Often VOC contamination is caused by local spills or dumping and is confined to a rather small geographical area (although there may often be more than one suspected source of VOC's in the area).
	www.dnr.state.wi.us /org/water/dwg/voc.htm (1651 words)

	Volatile organic compounds
		Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are organic chemicals that easily vaporise at room temperature and are colourless and odourless.
		VOCs are released in vehicle exhaust gases either as unburned fuels or as combustion products, and are also emitted by the evaporation of solvents and motor fuels.
		VOCs are measured at two locations in Farnham using diffusion tubes as shown in the picture at the top of the page.
	www.waverley.gov.uk /airquality/voc.asp (415 words)

	SCADPlus: Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) resulting from certain industrial activities
		Council Directive 1999/13/EC of 11 March 1999 on the limitation of emissions of volatile organic compounds due to the use of organic solvents in certain activities and installations [ See amending acts ].
		Industries which use volatile organic solvents and are covered by the Directive are listed in the Annex to the Directive.
		Their potential effects on the environment, and the economic consequences will also be examined with a view to providing recommendations on the use of techniques which have the least potential effects on air, water, soil, ecosystems and human health.
	europa.eu.int /scadplus/leg/en/lvb/l28029b.htm (894 words)

	Clean Air Online - 5.2.3 - VOC
		Volatile organic compounds (VOC) are carbon-containing gases and vapors such as gasoline fumes and solvents (but excluding carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, methane, and chlorofluorocarbons).
		Although there are many thousands of organic compounds in the natural and polluted troposphere that meet the definition of a VOC, most measurement programs have concentrated on the 50 to 150 most abundant hydrocarbons.
		VOC are also a precursor pollutant to the secondary formation of fine particulate matter (PM Both ozone and PM are known to have harmful effects on human health and the environment.
	www.ec.gc.ca /cleanair-airpur/VOC-WS15B9B65A-1_En.htm (198 words)

	SBRP RB No. 65: Toxicokinetics of Volatile Organic Compounds
		Volatile organic compounds are among the most commonly found contaminants at Superfund sites.
		Not surprisingly, these and other volatile organic compounds are common pollutants around fuel spills and leaking underground storage tanks, from where they can migrate into groundwater and, subsequently, drinking water supplies.
		The widespread presence of volatile organic compounds in environmental and occupational settings leads to the likelihood that individuals and groups who might be exposed to such compounds released from a Superfund site or other pollution source will also be exposed from general environmental sources and use of consumer products.
	www-apps.niehs.nih.gov /sbrp/researchbriefs/view.cfm?brief_id=65 (1052 words)

	Indoor Air Quality - Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC's) - BC HealthFile #65d (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		VOCs are gases given off by a number of indoor sources.
		VOCs also come from personal care products such as perfumes and hair spray, from cleaning agents and dry cleaning fluid, paints, lacquers and varnishes, and from copying and printing machines.
		VOCs can be released from a product for several years, though the amounts given off tend to be less as the product ages and "dries out".
	www.bchealthguide.org /healthfiles/hfile65d.stm (753 words)

	OECD: Volatile Organic Compounds
		Volatile organic compounds, in combination with nitrogen oxides, are responsible for ground level ozone and smog.
		Volatile organic compounds are produced by vehicle emissions, chemical manufacturing, and the evaporation of automotive fuels, other petroleum based products and chemical solvents.
		Eleven of the fifteen other OECD nations for whom trend data are available achieved larger reductions in volatile organic compound emissions during this period than Canada.
	www.environmentalindicators.com /htdocs/indicators/3vola.htm (265 words)

	Overview - Volatile Organic Compounds (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		In the UK it is estimated that less than 5% of the VOCs (2.3 million tonnes per year, expressed in terms of carbon) emitted into the atmosphere are emitted from vegetation.
		VOCs range from very reactive to almost inert in the atmosphere, with some of the biogenic compounds (terpenes and isoprene) being oxidised within a few hours, and others with lifetimes of years.
		When VOCs react with the OH radical, they in turn are converted into reactive free radicals that react with nitric oxide.
	www.apis.ac.uk /overview/pollutants/overview_VOCs.htm (542 words)

	DRDB: SLOAPCD 425 STORAGE OF VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
		Organic compounds having the reference properties listed in Table 1 shall be deemed to be in compliance with the appropriate vapor pressure limits for the tank in which it is stored provided the actual storage temperature does not exceed the corresponding maximum temperature listed.
		The tank is drained of volatile organic compounds or breakdown relief under Rule 107, Breakdown or Upset Conditions and Emergency Variances, is granted by the APCO.
		All piping, valves and fittings shall be designed and constructed to operate in a leak-free condition, and shall be maintained and operated in a leak-free condition so as to minimize the release of volatile organic compound vapors.
	www.arb.ca.gov /DRDB/SLO/CURHTML/R425.htm (4137 words)

	Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), Eastern Carolina
		Exposure to volatile organic compounds may cause symptoms such as headaches; nausea; and eye, nose, and throat irritation.
		Volatile organic compounds may cause serious symptoms, such as loss of coordination, liver damage, and damage to the central nervous system.
		Some volatile organic compounds are suspected to cause cancer in humans and are known to cause cancer in animals.
	www.uhseast.com /135102.cfm (188 words)

	Volatile Organic Compounds (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		These are chemicals of an organic nature (containing hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon) which readily volatilize, or travel from the water into the air.
		Because of their volatile nature, they readily evaporate into the air, increasing the potential exposure to humans.
		As with other chemicals, the effects of VOC exposure depends on several factors including the type of VOC, the amount of VOC and the length of time a person is exposed.
	www.stoller-eser.com /FactSheet/VOC.htm (207 words)

	Volatile Organic Compounds - Overview (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Volatile organic compounds (VOC) are very important trace constituents of the troposphere.
		Therefore insight into the chemistry of VOC in the atmosphere, their sources, atmospheric distribution and removal mechanisms is one of the keys to a thorough understanding of many important processes in the troposphere.
		In order to conduct these studies a variety of analytical techniques are used and there is ongoing method development for the analysis of organic compounds in the atmosphere.
	www.cac.yorku.ca /people/rudolph/rudolph-links/introduction.html (291 words)

	Industries - Volatile Organic Compounds (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC's) react in the atmosphere to form photochemical oxidants (including, ground level ozone) which affect health,
		Incinerators destroy VOC's by raising the temperature of the airstream to which the VOC's are introduced.
		Catalytic Oxidizers use a catalyst to speed up the reaction of organic compounds at temperatures lower than those required by incineration.
	www.illinoisblower.com /voc.html (211 words)

	VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN AIR (Partially Validated Method PV2120)
		Evacuated stainless steel canisters with electro-polished inner surfaces, called SUMMA canisters, are widely used in EPA applications when sampling for volatile organic compounds (VOC's) in the environment (1).
		Canisters have been evaluated for use with a range of volatile organics, including aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, and chlorinated compounds (2).
		This new technique is leading to improved analytical methods for a variety of reactive and labile compounds of interest at very low levels (5, 6).
	www.osha.gov /dts/sltc/methods/partial/pv2120/pv2120.html (2618 words)

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