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Topic: Volcano Pelee

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	Mt. Pelee, West Indies -- Page 2 of 2
		Pelee is also notable for the growth of volcanic spines, rigid columns of solidified lava pushed above the throat of the volcano.
		A volcanic spine at the summit of the Mt. Pelee.
		Frank Perret established an observatory at the volcano to study the eruption.
	volcano.und.nodak.edu /vwdocs/volc_images/img_mt_pelee2.html (482 words)

	More on Volcano
		A volcano generally presents itself to the imagination as a mountain sending forth from its summit great clouds of smoke with vast sheets of flame, and it is not infrequently so described.
		Some volcanoes consist of a crater alone, with scarcely any mountain at all; but in the majority of cases the crater is situated on top of a mountain (the volcano), which can tower to an enormous height.
		Volcanoes that terminate in a principal crater are usually of a conical form.
	www.eduhistory.com /volcano.htm (2026 words)

	Mt. Pelee, West Indies -- Page 1 of 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Pelee, a stratovolcano made mostly of pyroclastic rocks, is on the north end of the island of Martinique.
		Pelee is famous for the May 8, 1902 eruption which killed 29,000 people and destroyed the city of St. Pierre.
		The destruction was caused by a nuee ardente, a type of pyroclastic flow that consists of hot incandescent solid particles.
	volcano.und.nodak.edu /vwdocs/volc_images/img_mt_pelee.html (353 words)

	The Power of Volcanoes: Mount Pelée (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Nothing in the history of the volcano pointed to the fact that all of the 30.000 "Pierrotins", as the residents of St Pierre were called, except 2 could be killed.
		The time on which the volcano erupted was determined very accurately; it was in the morning on the 8th of May 1902, 8 to 8 (the time could be ascertained so exact because they found a clock in the military hospital which stopped at the time of the eruption).
		The eruption didn't come very unexpected because there were foregoing "warnings" of the volcano: on the second of April steam came out of the Pelée, on the 23th April light earthshocks were noticed and a thin rain of ash fell on the city.
	library.thinkquest.org /17457/volcanoes/effects.pelee.php (600 words)

	Deadliest Eruptions - PDC
		Mt Pelee, a stratovolcano made mostly of pyroclastic rocks, is on the north end of the island of Martinique.
		The visible lava dome was constructed during the volcano's most recent eruptive episode (1929-1930) but a closely similar edifice was built during the 1902 eruption, to be later destroyed.
		Twelve of Taal Volcano's eruptions occurred at this crater from 1749 to 1911.
	www.pdc.org /iweb/volcano_deadliest3.jsp (1133 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Pele (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Hawaiian myth ascribes hula's invention to Hi'iaka, sister of the volcano goddess Pele, and its...
		Pele Mountain Confirms Discovery of Offset Dike in Sudbury Mining Camp.
		Pele acquires new diamond exploration properties near Wawa; Drilling set to begin at Pele Mountain's Alliance Diamond Project.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Pele (510 words)

	VOLCANIC TSUNAMI GENERATING SOURCE MECHANISMS IN THE EASTERN CARIBBEAN REGION - Dr. George Pararas-Carayannis
		The volcano's flank instability and its potential for landslides and tsunami generation result from the composition of its magma which is very sticky and has a high content of dissolved water.
		Overall, the volcano's present rapid upward growth towards the surface of the sea is indicative of active vertical summit eruptions and the build up of a cone by deposition of pyroclastics.
		When the volcano breaks through the surface of the sea, the probable maximum runup of a tsunami from a major eruption could be as much as 4 meters on Northern Grenada and as much as 2 meters along the west coast of the Barbados, Trinidad, and St. Vincent.
	www.drgeorgepc.com /TsunamiVolcanicCaribbean.html (10883 words)

	Mount Pelee Volcano \| la Montagne Pelée, Martinique
		Since the occupation of the island of Martinique by European settlers, in 1635, there are 4 records of eruptions from Mt. Pelee volcano.
		However, thanks to the analysis of deposits, volcanologists have identified more than 30 major eruptions from the volcano in the past 5,000 years.
		The most complete account of the events of the 1851-52 eruption is a report ordered by the local authorities of Martinique, in an attempt to calm down the emotion raised by the sudden eruption.
	www.mount-pelee.com /index.php/content/blogsection/5/31/lang,en (160 words)

	Disasters - Other timelines - Timelines of Liberty - www.PoetPatriot.com
		In July the Arenal volcano in Costa Rica erupts in an explosion causing hot avalanches and ejecting blocks destroying the west flank of the mountain.
		The Izalco Volcano was known as the 'Lighthouse of the Pacific' because its frequent intermittent eruptions, until the late 50s, could be seen from the Pacific Ocean.
		In January the volcano Heimaey was born erupting near the town of Vestmannaeyjar in Iceland.
	www.poetpatriot.com /tmlndisvolcanos.htm (2355 words)

	Geotimes - May 2002 - Geophenomena
		Pelée had gurgled to life earlier in the year, spitting a rain of ash and burping sulfuric gases over its neighboring towns to the point where horses were reported collapsing in the streets from asphyxiation.
		An investigation party climbed the volcano on April 27 and saw water again pooled in the crater and the emergence of a growing ash cone.
		On May 8, 1902, Pelée erupted with a catastrophic nuée ardente, or glowing avalanche, scorching the city of St. Pierre, 6 kilometers southwest of the volcano.
	www.agiweb.org /geotimes/may02/geophen.html (1400 words)

	Vic Camp - the eruption of Mt. Pelee, Martinique
		This sleepy little village shows little of the grandeur of turn-of-the-century St. Pierre, which was a vibrant colonial city, known to European tourists as the "Paris of the West Indies." With its red-tiled cottages, rambling streets, and tropical vegetation, this prosperous little city was renowned for its beauty.
		It concluded that "the safety of St. Pierre is completely assured." The report eased the public's fears, and gave hope to city officials who were particularly anxious that voters remain in the city to cast their ballots for an election that was to be held on May 11.
		The huge spine of lava became known as the "Tower of Pelée." At night the sides of this magnificent monolith was marked by traces of red incandescent cracks from the still hot lava in its interior.
	www.geology.sdsu.edu /how_volcanoes_work/Pelee.html (2039 words)

	stonedom.com: Volcanoes
		Volcanoes in New Zealand - New Zealand is volcano country with recent eruptions at White Island and Ruapehu.
		Volcanoes of Canada - Resource for Canadian volcanology with general overviews of volcanism and associated hazards, deposits, and monitoring efforts.
		Volcanoes of the Central Andes - Compilation of information on the Central Volcanic Zone of the Andes, between latitudes 14ºand 28ºS of the Andean cordillera.
	www.stonedom.com /Geology/Volcanoes (615 words)

	AskMen.com - Volcanoes
		The Top Ten Volcanoes were chosen on the basis of both the beauty of their surroundings and the awesome power they suggest.
		The May 1902 eruption of Pelee was the first one in more than 50 years, and the destruction it wrought is testament to just how unprepared the residents of St. Pierre were.
		It was this volcano that British author Malcolm Lowry wrote of when composing his contemporary classic Under the Volcano, and the surrounding region hasn't changed much since its appearance in his 1947 novel.
	www.askmen.com /fashion/travel_top_ten/41_travel_top_ten.html (1030 words)

	SeaWiFS Views Volcanoes, Part 2
		Alaska Volcano Observatory monitors the activity of Alaskan and Kamchatkan volcanoes and posts alerts when volcanic eruptions are threatening or in progress.
		The massive volcano Mt. Etna on the island of Sicily in the Mediterranean Sea is so frequently active that it rarely catches volcanologists by surprise, but the flank eruption that began on July 18, 2001 actually did.
		The volcanoes on Martinique, Montserrat, and Miyakejima all have a similar eruptive "style" in which a dome of pasty, thick lava (andesite) grows slowly in the crater of the volcano.
	daac.gsfc.nasa.gov /oceancolor/scifocus/oceanColor/view_volcanoes_2.shtml (1182 words)

	Pelee Info (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Mount Pelee, on the Carribbean island of Martinique, is one of about a dozen recently active volcanoes in the 700 kilometer long Lesser Antilles island arc, formed as result of westward subduction of oceanic crust of the South American plate under the oceanic crust of the small Carribean plate.
		The town of St. Pierre had a population of over 20000, and was located 6 kilometers to the south of the peak of Pelee, a volcano had that a mild eruption in 1851 with little significant damage.
		At 7:50 local time on May 8th, a series of deafening explosions were heard from Mt. Pelee, and a huge fl cloud issued from the summit of the volcano.
	tlc.ousd.k12.ca.us /montera/students/Barron/Per3/saechao.cantrell/peleeinfo.htm (430 words)

	Types Of Eruptions - Volcanoes - Forces of Nature
		Many people have tried to classify volcanoes into categories, but still it is hard to organize them all into groups.
		The lava that creates a quiet volcano is still runny and flowing, and do not plug the craters and trap huge quantities of explosive gas.
		Volcanoes can stay in the Solfataric stage for hundreds of years after its last eruption.
	library.thinkquest.org /C003603/english/volcanoes/typesoferuptions.shtml (900 words)

	Global Volcanism Program \| Volcanoes of the World \| Volcanoes of the West Indies \| Data Sources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Discussion of another volcano or eruption (sometimes far from the one that is the subject of the manuscript) may produce a citation that is not at all apparent from the title.
		Amphibole-bearing basalts from the submarine volcano Kick'em Jenny in the Lesser Antilles Island Arc.
		The 1902-1905 eruptions of Montagne Pelee, Martinique: anatomy and retrospection.
	www.volcano.si.edu /world/region.cfm?rnum=16&rpage=sources (2708 words)

	Mont Pelee, West Indies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Renowned Mount Pelee, forming the northern end of the island of Martinique, is the most active volcano of the Lesser Antilles arc.
		The modern volcano was constructed on the NE rim of a large horseshoe-shaped caldera formed by slope failure of the paleo-Pelee volcano.
		The explosive eruption on May 8, 1902, generated a nuee ardente that swept down the mountainside and within minutes incinerated the town of Saint Pierre and its 28,000 inhabitants.
	users.bendnet.com /bjensen/volcano/atlantic/westindies-pelee.html (155 words)

	Site Map
		1610 Leon, Nicaragua, was buried by the Mombotombo volcano.
		The oceanographer Henry Stommel and his wife Elizabeth described this year in their (1983) book “Volcano Weather: The Story of 1816, The year Without a Summer.” The 1815 eruption of Mt. Tambora lofted a cloud of ash that turned this summer into a virtual winter with snow in Europe and New England.
		The mountain is one of 21 active volcanoes in the Philippines.
	timelines.ws /subjects/Volcanoes.HTML (1554 words)

	Eruptive Processes of Stratovolcanoes of the Lesser Antilles (Islands of Montserrat, Martinique, St. Vincent and ...
		Mechanisms, resulting in flank failure processes of volcanoes and their potential for tsunami generation - in general - were presented separately.
		Pelee, Martinique; May 8 and 20, 1902, pyroclastic flows and surges: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v.
		Pelee, Martinique; A study of an active island-arc volcano: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America Memoir 175, 105 p.
	www.drgeorgepc.com /TsunamiVolcanicCaribErProc.html (6389 words)

	The Hazards Of The Volcano
		In 1985, the volcano Nevado Del Ruiz, in Colombia, erupted.
		Soon the volcano Mont Pelee will blow her top in a spectacular series of pyroclastic density flows that will cause an unimaginable number of deaths.
		A tsunami was generated by pyroclastic flows hitting the water; successive waves were then caused when the volcano blew itself to bits, and collapsed inwards upon itself, creating a vast underwater collapse pit known as a 'caldera'.
	www.vulkaner.no /v/vulkinfo/tomhaz/manyhaz.html (3818 words)

	Volcano_images
		Volcano forms and processes are directly related to physical properties, compositions, and volumes (eruptive rates) of magmas, which in turn influence style of eruption.
		Prevailing winds blew toward the southwest at the time of eruption to form the high point of the rim.
		Also, time-history of eruptive activity is highly variable between volcanoes - some deposits accumulated over significant time periods (years, Mazama) whereas others were formed in days (Krakatoa).
	www.ruf.rice.edu /~leeman/Volcano_images.html (1149 words)

	All about Mount Pelee Volcano!
		Since 1902, it is one of the most famous volcanoes on Earth ; its eruption led to the destruction of the entire city of Saint-Pierre, with its 28,000 inhabitants.
		This site is entirely dedicated to Mount Pelee volcano, in order to learn what is so specific with that volcano, how it works, why is it so dangerous, what did happen in 1902, what is its status today...
		There is so much to learn from such a volcano, and we keep posting new information on the website...
	www.mount-pelee.com /index.php/index.php?lang=en (260 words)

	Observatoire Volcanologique de la Montagne Pelée
		Montagne Pelée Observatory is one of the three French volcanological observatories with Soufrière de Guadeloupe and Piton de la Fournaise (Réunion) observatories.
		The seismic networks set up on the La Martinique island are composed of 15 stations, which are designed to record seismic activity directly linked to the Montagne Pelée volcano but also to the subduction of the Atlantic plate beneath the Caribbean one, which can give rise to major earthquakes.
		Ten reflectors on Montagne Pelée are routinely monitored from the observatory.
	www.wovo.org /1600_12.htm (813 words)

	SwissEduc: Stromboli Online - Guadeloupe and Martinique
		A rapid escalation reached its climax at M. Pelèe on 8 May 1902 when a laterally directed surge produced huge pyroclastic flows that buried 58 square km of land, destroying the south-western flank of the volcano, including the town of Saint Pierre and causing about 28'000 deaths.
		How little was known about the deadly "nuées ardentes" (pyroclastic flows), at the time, is illustrated by the fact that other villages around the volcano were not evacuated after the initial tragedy of St. Pierre.
		The 300'000-year-long volcanic history of Montagne Pelée, the island's only active volcano, is divided into three main periods.
	www.swisseduc.ch /stromboli/perm/guadeloupe-martinique/pelee-geology-en.html (589 words)

	Amazon.com: La Catastrophe: The Eruption of Mount Pelee, the Worst Volcanic Disaster of the 20th Century: Books: Alwyn ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Memories of those harmless volcanic sputterings contributed to a false sense of security among residents of Saint-Pierre when Mount Pelée began hurling columns of ash into the air and steaming torrents of mud down her slopes in the spring of 1902.
		His monumental monograph "La Montagne Pelée et ses éruptions" (1904) is not even included in the bibliography, which does, however, refer to the less known and somewhat controversial "La Montagne Pelée après ses éruptions", published by Lacroix in 1908.
		Although the eruption of Pelee is the subject of the book, Scarth spends a comparable amount of time on the society of Saint-Pierre and Martinique, particularly the apartheid-based social structure and contentious politics of the colony.
	www.amazon.com /Catastrophe-Eruption-Volcanic-Disaster-Century/dp/0195218396 (3281 words)

	Global Volcanism Program \| PelÃ©e \| Summary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Renowned Montagne PelÃ©e, forming the northern end of the island of Martinique, is the most active volcano of the Lesser Antilles arc.
		Three major edifice failures since the late Pleistocene, the last about 9000 years ago, have left large horseshoe-shaped calderas breached to the SW inside which the modern volcano has been constructed.
		The catastrophic 1902 eruption, which destroyed the city of St. Pierre, the "Pearl of the Lesser Antilles," became the type-example of pelean eruptions and marked the onset of modern volcanological studies of the behavior of pyroclastic flows.
	www.volcano.si.edu /world/volcano.cfm?vnum=1600-12= (198 words)

	[No title]
		This is the 100th anniversary of the eruption of Mt. Pelee and there will be volcanologists attending from all over the world.
		The original reason for putting this trip together was to complete "The Volcanoes of the Caribbean" video documentary, but now the volcano expedition has become an annual part of the summer cruise schedule of the Sir Robert.
		We trust that this hazards video will be helpful in informing people living around other Caribbean volcanoes what the dangers are, and the risks involved in remaining in areas that are declared unsafe due to volcanic activity.
	www.volcano-island.com /cruise (1135 words)

	AT&T Worldnet Service - Directory
		Monitors volcanoes and collects scientific information on volcanoes in the United States and elsewhere to reduce the risk from volcanic activity.
		Relive the story of the Paricutin volcano, from its birth to its eruption between 1943 and 1952.
		New Zealand is volcano country with recent eruptions at White Island and Ruapehu.
	www.att.net /cgi-bin/webdrill?catkey=gwd/Top/Science/Earth_Sciences/Geology/Volcanoes (515 words)

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