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Topic: Volga Bulgars

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	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Bulgars
		The Bulgars appeared on the Middle Volga by the 8th cent.
		Bulgars Ancient Turkic people originating in the region n and e of the Black Sea.
		An A-Z of Food and Drink; 1/1/2002; JOHN AYTO; 62 words; bulgar wheat Bulgar wheat, or bulghur wheat, is a cereal food made by boiling whole wheat grains, drying them, and then grinding them coarsely.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Bulgars (1274 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Bulgars
		Swept by the Hunnish wave at the beginning of the 4th century, other Bulgar tribes broke loose from their settlements in central Asia to migrate to the fertile lands along the lower valleys of the Donets and the Don rivers and the Azov seashore, assimilating what was left of the Sarmatians.
		Alcek (Bulgar: Altsikurs) was the leader of the horde of Bulgar horsemen who in the 7th century settled with their families in the Matese mountains of Central Italy in the villages of Gallo, Sepino, Boiano, Isernia and others.
		Swept by the Hunnish wave at the beginning of the 4th century AD, other Bulgar tribes broke loose from their settlements in central Asia to migrate to the fertile lands along the lower valleys of the Donets and the Don rivers and the Azov seashore, assimilating what was left of the Sarmatians.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Bulgars (5287 words)

	THE FIRST BULGARIAN STATE FORMATIONS
		The Bulgars settled in the Northern Pontic, and closely related Khots settled in the lower course of Don, Utigs - in the lower and middle course of the Kuban.
		According to this convention the historical development of Sumerian statehood is considered as an initial stage, Hun statehood as a second, ancient Bulgarian as a third, statehood of the Volga Bulgars - the fourth, the statehood of the Kipchak Kaganate Tatars as a fifth, the statehood of the Kazan Tatars as the sixth stage.
		The thawing of the glacier caused a flood in the Volga - Ural region.
	www.hunmagyar.org /turan/tatar/bulgar.html (7320 words)

	Publication : The Republic of Tatarstan
		Before the 10th century, the Bulgars belonged to various tribal groups but in the second quarter of that century Arab historians and geographers mentioned Bulgar as a city and region, which meant that the process of forming a people and country was at an end by then.
		Throughout the 13th and 14th centuries, the Golden Horde minted coins in Bulgar, and in 1242-1246 the city was headquarters to Batu Khan of the Golden Horde, who had to stop on reaching the Volga and to renounce all further inroads into Russian lands.
		Bulgar craftsmen who maintained ties with Persia, China, and Egypt were invited to Russian towns to build churches, such as those in Yuryev Polsky, the church of the Intercession known as Pokrov-on-Nerl, the cathedrals in Vladimir.
	www.tatar.ru /?node_id=1379&full=793 (2321 words)

	Bulgars, Eastern. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		The Bulgars appeared on the Middle Volga by the 8th cent.
		The Eastern Bulgars accepted Islam in the 10th cent.
		The modern Tatars and Chuvash may be descended from the Eastern Bulgars.
	www.bartleby.com /65/bu/Bulgars.html (200 words)

	Bulgars - Definition, explanation
		In the 2nd century AD, branches of Bulgars migrated to the European continent and settled on the plains between the Caspian and the Black Sea.
		After the utter defeat of the Huns in the Battle of Chalons on September 20, 451 AD, the Bulgars redirected their attention to the Byzantine Empire, where consecutive raids were undertaken at the end of the 5th century and the beginning of the 6th century.
		The Bulgars converted to Judaism in the 9th century, along with the Khazars, and were eventually assimilated.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/b/bu/bulgars.php (699 words)

	Volga Tatars - NativeWiki
		The present territory of Tatarstan was inhabited by the Volga Bulgars (considered by most to have been Turkic), who settled on the Volga in the 8th century and converted to Islam in 922 during the missionary work of Ahmad ibn Fadlan.
		As the Horde desintegrated in the 15the century, the area became the territory of the Kazan khanate, which was ultimately conquered by Russia in the 16th century.
		Because it is understandable to all groups of Russian Tatars, as well as to the Chuvash and Bashkirs, the language of the Kazan Tatars became a literary language in the 15th century (iske tatar tele).
	www.nativewiki.org /Volga_Tatars (1656 words)

	Russian History KHAZARS AND BULGARS : chronology, Bright Persons, Great Events, Historical link and books
		Farther to the north, between Volga and Kama, and within the same century had eventually formed the state of the Bulgars known as the Volga Bulgars or Kama Bulgars.
		The capital city of the Volga Bulgars was Bulgar built near the confluence of Volga and Kama.
		The state of the Volga Bulgars survived till the end of the 14th century.
	www.cozy-corner.com /history_eng/events_kazhars_bulgars.htm (637 words)

	Volga Bulgaria Information
		Some Bulgar tribes, however, continued westward and after many adventures settled along the Danube River, in what is now known as Bulgaria proper, where they merged with or were assimilated by the Slavs, adopting a South Slavic tongue and a Eastern Orthodox faith.
		Modern Chuvashes and Kazan Tatars descend from the Volga Bulgars, although linguistic evidence suggests that the Chuvashes may be connected to the Huns.
		Henceforth Volga Bulgaria became a part of the Ulus Jochi, later known as the Golden Horde.
	www.bookrags.com /wiki/Volga_Bulgaria (716 words)

	Tatar - Thagodz Wiki
		On the Volga they mingled with remnants of the old Bulgarian empire (Volga Bulgaria), and elsewhere with Finno-Ugric speaking peoples, as well as with remnants of the ancient Greek colonies in the Crimea and Caucasians in the Caucasus.
		The Bulgars however, are the direct ancestors of the Tatars and the founders of both the Bulgar states Great Bulgaria and Volga-Bulgaria, but also the now-Slavic state of Bulgaria which carries their name.
		The Kazan (Qazan) Tatars are descendants of the Volga Bulgars, who settled on the Volga in the 8th century.
	www.thagodz.com /search/wiki/?title=Tatar (5206 words)

	The First Bulgrian State Formation
		One group of authentic Bulgars settled in the plains of Northern Dagestan, and another settled in the territory of Caucasian Albania (present Azerbaijan), south of the Derbent pass.
		Bulgars begun to hold a prevailing position in the regions of the Northern Caucasus, Meotia and Northern Pontic.
		According to this convention the historical development of Sumerian statehood is considered as an initial stage, Hunnish statehood as a second, ancient Bulgarian as a third, statehood of the Volga Bulgars - the fourth, the statehood of the Kipchak Kaganate Tatars as a fifth, the statehood of the Kazan Tatars as the sixth stage.
	www.turkleronline.com /turkler/turk_turuk/koken_isim/datelines/thefirst_bulgrian_stateformation.htm (6915 words)

	WHKMLA : History of the Volga Bulgars, 626-1236
		The Khanate of Great Bulgaria was established in the Volga and lower Don basin in 626 by the Bulgars, descendants of the Huns.
		Later in the 8th century the Khazar Khanate disintegrated, and the Volga Bulgarians formed a separate Khanate, centering on the city of BOLGAR on the Volga river.
		The Khanate was ravaged by the Tatar invasion of 1230 and conquered by the Tatars in 1236.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/russia/volgabulg.html (259 words)

	Bulgars in TutorGig Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		There are two theories about origin of Bulgars; one claim that they were of Turkic origin, and another one claim that they were descendants of Iranian peoples from Pamir.
		In the 2nd century, some groups of Bulgars migrated to the European continent and settled on the plains between the Caspian and Black Seas.
		Another Bulgar tribe, led by Kubrat?s second son Kotrag, migrated to the confluence of the Volga and Kama Rivers in what is now the Russian Federation (see Volga Bulgaria).
	www.tutorgig.com /ed/Bulgars (908 words)

	[No title]
		Subject: Volga Bulgars > You see I am working on an alternate history novel involving the >Byzantine Emperor John II Komnenos (1118-1143 A.D.) My premise is that >he doesn't die in Cillicia in 1143 but lives another 20 years or so and >reconquers most of Asia minor from the Oghuzz Turks.
		One debate was caused by the shortness of the nights in the summer and of the days in winter, which disturbed the correct performance of the five prays, especially the fifth pray (that after the sunset).
		Bulgar wheat alleviated a great famine in Russia (Suzdal) in 1024, in 1299 during another famine in Russia they again sent wheat to prince Jurij.
	members.tripod.com /~Groznijat/fadlan/volga_b.txt (2241 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal
		Volga Bulgaria or Volga-Kama Bolghar, is a historic state that existed between the 7th and 13th centuries around the confluence of the Volga and Kama rivers in what is now Russia.
		Bulgars moved from the Azov region in about AD 660, commanded by Kotrag, Kubrat's son.
		Some Bulgar tribes, however, continued westward and after many adventures settled along the Danube River, in what is now known as Bulgaria proper, where they merged with or were assimilated by the Slavs, adopting a South Slavic tongue and the Eastern Orthodox faith.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Volga_Bulgars (742 words)

	Proto-Bulgarians - 5
		The numerousness of the Proto-Bulgarians is attested in the letter of the Khazarian King Joseph, according to whom the Bulgars were far more humorous than the Khazars, as numerous as the sand in the sea.
		Bulgars (b-lg-r), together with Khazars and Sabirs, are mentioned by Joseph among the ten sons of the mythical ancestor of the Turcs - Togarma
		There are striking similarities in the way of burial between the Bolshetarkhansk necropolis at Middle Volga and the Proto-Bulgarian necropolises from the middle course of Severski Doneck (Zholtoe, Novolimarevka): western orientation of the dead, almost identical burial artefacts, around 30% of the graves have step-wise widenings [22].
	www.kroraina.com /p_bulgar/p_bulg5.htm (4331 words)

	«THE TATAR GAZETTE»
		It is part of propagandistic literature created by a faction of Volga Tatars who wish to assert a Bulgar identity and deny their other roots.
		Bulgars were famed for the bravery and swiftness of attacks.
		To the western side of Volga in 360 (possibly, in 350) crossed peoples whose fate was to open a new page in the history of many peoples of then Europe, and to begin an epoch in the world history of “Great Movement of the Peoples”.
	tatar.yuldash.com /eng_187.html (7084 words)

	Volga Bulgaria, Khan Kubrat, Kotragh, by Neytcho Iltchev
		The capital Bulgar profited as a transshipment point in the trade between the fur-selling Ugrians and Russians of the far north and the southern civilizations - Byzantium, the Muslim Caliphate of Baghdad, and Turkistan.
		Bulgar and Buljar, in area and population, largely surpassed London, Paris, Kiev, Novgorod and Vladimir at that time.
		Bulgars and Tatars interchangeably with the moniker Tatar prevailing in the end.
	www.angelfire.com /nb/nbulgaria/bulgaria/volgabul.htm (632 words)

	TATAR ROOTS
		We cannot miss to also note the presence of such scientists, who, on the basis of superficial study of Bulgar epigraphy are asserting that a part of the Bulgars, under the influence of the Kipchaks (Cumans, in Hungarian Kun), separated from the Chuvash-speaking Bulgars only in the middle of the 14 c.
		Thus, there are various opinions on the time of the development of the Tatar people’s roots in the Volga and Urals: some attribute it to the 4 c., others to the 8 c., to the 9 c., to the 13 c., or to the 14 c.
		Linguists have determined that an original language union formed in the Middle Volga and Urals area from the Türkic ancestors of the Tatar, Bashkir and Chuvash languages, and from the Finno-Ugrian ancestors of the Mari, Udmurtian and Mordovian languages [Serebrennikov B.A., 1972; Zakiev M.Z., 1987, 176 - 182].
	www.hunmagyar.org /turan/tatar/tatar-origin.html (9947 words)

	WHKMLA : History of the Later Huns, Avars and Early Bulgars
		The Huns split in two groups, the more powerful KUTRIGUR HUNS, controlling the steppe from Valachia, Moldavia across the lower Dnjepr, Dnjestr, Don to the lower Volga, the UTIGUR HUNS in the area to the north of the Caucasus, the SABIRIAN HUNS in the steppe east of Volga and Ural.
		Early in the 7th century the Avar Khanate disintegrated, the Huns inhabiting the steppe along the lower Don and Volga now being called Bulgars.
		A group of Bulgars moved up the Volga where they established the Khanate of the VOLGA BULGARS.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/russia/avarbulg.html (371 words)

	History of Tatarstan and Tatar people
		The state of the Bolgars was strong, resisted in wars with Byzantium, but fell under the pressure of Khazars, and from descendants of them wandering over Europe came were peoples of Danube Bolgars, Volga silver Bulgars, and the Caucasian tribes of Balkars, Kumyks and Karachaevtsy.
		Founders of modern Bulgaria, today's Tatarstan and Chuvashia were in V-VII centuries the same people, but Danube Bolgars, having accepted christianity, soon lost the Turkic originality, having kept nevertheless the ancient name of the country; as for Kazan Tatars, have kept everything, except for the name.
		Volga Bulgars since X century minted silver coins with Arabian inscriptions, that clearly speaks about the level of development of trade, including external.
	www.kazan.ws /cgi-bin/eng/view.pl?idr=29&mr=11 (454 words)

	Tatars - Article from FactBug.org - the fast Wikipedia mirror site (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The majority—in European Russia—are descendants of the Volga Bulgars who were conquered by the Mongol invasion of the 13th century and kept the name of their conquerors.
		On the Volga they mingled with remnants of the old Bulgarian empire (Volga Bulgaria), and elsewhere with Finnish stems, as well as with remnants of the ancient Italian and Greek colonies in the Crimea and Caucasians in the Caucasus.
		Chinese Tatar's ancestors are Volga Tatar tradesmen settled mostly in Xinjiang.
	www.factbug.org /cgi-bin/a.cgi?a=56877 (3664 words)

	Eastern Bulgars - Encyclopedia.com
		Eastern Bulgars, Turkic-speaking people, who possessed a powerful state (10th-14th cent.) at the confluence of the Volga and the Kama, E European Russia.
		The modern Tatars and Chuvash may be descended from the Eastern Bulgars.
		The Great Bulgar and the Bulgars themselves are sometimes called Bulgari or Bolgari.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-Bulgars.html (1075 words)

	Footnotes to History- U to Z
		Volga Bulgars- Split by the advance of Khazar armies in the latter half of the seventh century, the Bulgars regrouped in two areas- one in the location of present-day Bulgaria, the other along the Volga east of Moscow.
		The Volga Bulgars and Russian states had tense relations which spilled over into conflict several times.
		The Bulgars were finally reduced to subjection by the Russians in the 1430s.
	www.buckyogi.com /footnotes/natuz.htm (4997 words)

	YouTube - Volga Bulgars (013)
		But with time the ugrians and bulgars have left their ancient dwellings near the river Volga and Ural mountains & have taken the coasts of the Azov & Black Seas and Tavrida.
		In the beginning of 10th century, Volga bulgars have found their own state, in year 921 their khan have accepted Islam and protectorate of Baghdad Caliphate.
		This is the way the heirs of Volga bolgars and newcomers from the east, formed the fundament of Kazan Khanate...
	www.youtube.com /watch?v=XvNmaPuh3A0 (1003 words)

	East Asian Studies 210 Notes: The West Siberian Tatars
		The Volga Tatars are believed to be descended in part from the Volga Bulgars, a Turkic speaking people whose civilization flourished from the 10th to the 13th century.
		It was this Khanate that was attacked by Russian cossacks led by Yermak in 1582 and which gave its name to the entire expanse of North Asia over the next century as Russian trappers and Cossasks explored this vast territory and claimed it for the Russian tsar.
		Unlike the Volga Tatars in the Republic of Tatarstan, the West Siberian Tatars are relatively few in number and speak different though mutually intelligible dialects of Tatar.
	pandora.cii.wwu.edu /vajda/ea210/tatar.htm (1058 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In the early 600s, the heartland of the Avar kaghanate in Pannonia was not the main area of Bulgar settlement.
		The so-called "fl Bulgars," who remained under Khazar, rule are mentioned in later sources as enjoying a certain degree of autonomy within the Khazar kaghanate.
		A second group appears to have moved to the Middle Volga region, where recent archaeological excavations have revealed a number of seventh- and eighth-century cemeteries with burial mounds apparently erected by a population of immigrants.
	www.clas.ufl.edu /users/fcurta/bulgars3.html (368 words)

	Bulgarian Travel Guide - travel agencies,hotels in Varna and Bulgaria, Bulgaria Hotels, Book Discount Hotels in ...
		Bulgaria's name is derived from a Turkic people, the Bulgars, who originated in the steppe north of the Caspian Sea.
		In the latter part of the seventh century, one branch of the Bulgars moved up the Volga River, establishing the Kingdom of the Volga Bulgars; the other branch moved westward along the Black Sea settling near the mouth of the Danube.
		Although the name Bulgaria is not of Slavic origin, the Slavic people, who had entered the Balkan Peninsula earlier, absorbed the invading Turkic people and were, in large measure, the precursors of the present-day Bulgarians.
	www.tourism-bulgaria.com /documents/explore/history/history.htm (664 words)

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