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Topic: Volga Delta

	Volga region
		The Volga city of Kazan', the capital of the Republic of Tatarstan, is considered the centre of Islam in Russia.
		In the delta of the Volga, on several islands, the oldest city of the Lower Volga district - Astrakhan' - is situated.
		This is the center of fishing at the Volga and the Caspian Sea where a multitude of sturgeon fish has survived (white sturgeon, Russian sturgeon, stellate sturgeon and sterlet) which is 90% of the world's output.
	www.un.int /russia/new/MainRoot/newrussiaen/volgaregen.htm (3225 words)

	Volga River - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Astrakhan, at the delta, is the centre of the caviar industry.
		Rzhev is the uppermost town situated on the Volga.
		The Volga region is home to a German minority group, the Volga Germans, many of whom were invited to settle in Russia by various czars, such as Peter the Great, as part of a campaign to improve the country by importing skills.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Volga (1037 words)

	CRTC for ITCAMP: Coastal Profiles. Russian Federation
		The washout of the delta increased after the immediate stoppage of the flow of alluvium as a result of the construction of the Chirkey water reservoir (1974) and during the period of the increased raising of sea level (sarting from 1978).
		The delta of Volga is the oasis among the dry steppes and semi-deserts.
		The average growth of the square and the length of Volga delta during the fall of the sea level in 30s were 180 km2/year and 1km/year accordingly.
	www.caspianenvironment.org /itcamp/russia2_7.htm (1826 words)

	The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition: Volga @ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Volga has played an important part in the life of the Russian people, and it is characteristically named in Russian folklore "Mother Volga." For centuries it has served as the chief thoroughfare of Russia and as the lifeline of Russian colonization to the east.
		The Volga's chief tributaries are the Oka, Sura, Vetluga, Kama, and Samara rivers.
		The Volga was known to the ancient Greeks as the Rha, but little was known about the river until the early Middle Ages, when Slavic tribes settled along its upper course, the Bulgars (see Bulgars, Eastern) along its middle course, and the Khazars in the south.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1E1:Volga&refid=ip_encyclopedia_hf (780 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Volga is the longest river in Europe and its delta is one of the largest deltas in the world, covering a total area of 1.9 million ha.
		The upper part of delta is an extensive network of channels (the largest are Bakhtemir and Buzan discharging 70% of the Volga water) and smaller streams, which divide the lawland into a great number of islands with areas ranging from 200 to 2,000 ha.
		The present lower part of delta was formed during the hot-dry stage of the climatic cycle (between 1930 and 1940), when the level of the Caspian Sea dropped by 2.3 m and extensive shallows were created.
	www.wetlands.org /programs/RussiaCD/eng/VOLGA-2.HTM (868 words)

	CRTC for ITCAMP: Coastal Profiles. Russian Federation
		The area is performed in shape of delta with a lot of islands, covered with cane- reed-mace linings with included osier woods, mosaic brushwoods of canes, hedgehog-head, and open area of water with submarine-meadowy brushwoods.
		Delta of Volga is the most important zone on European continent of massive assemblies of birds in period of season migrations.
		The Samur delta is a unique sector of the Caspian Sea coast with the ecosystem, broke by anthropogenic effects, It is a Northern border of the spreading of the heat-loving rare species.
	www.caspianenvironment.org /itcamp/russia3_4.htm (2178 words)

	Encyclopedia: Volga River (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Atil, also spelled Itil (Turkic for Big River), was a name of the Volga River and of the capital of Khazaria from the middle of the 8th century until towards the end of the 10th century.
		Volga Bulgaria or Volga-Kama Bolghar, is a historic state that existed between the 7th and 13th centuries around the confluence of the Volga and Kama rivers in what is now the Russian Federation.
		The Volga Germans are ethnic Germans living near the Volga River and the Black Sea, maintaining German culture, German language, German traditions and religions: Evangelical Lutherans or Roman Catholic.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Volga-River (2792 words)

	Ramsar Sites Database (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Volga River is Europe’s longest river with a catchment of 1,380,000 sq km.
		The Volga Delta is predominantly a freshwater riverine wetland complex with permanent and seasonal lakes and riverine floodplains.
		Traditional activities in the delta have relied on the sustainable harvest of wildlife, particularly fish and waterbirds, and the harvesting of reeds.
	www.wetlands.org /RDB/Ramsar_Dir/RussianFed/RU002D02.htm (1128 words)

	[No title]
		The Volga delta differs from all other major deltas in the world by its extremely gentle onshore and offshore gradient (5 cm/km) and by being affected by the rapid sea-level changes of the Caspian Sea, at rates up to a hundred times the global sea-level rise.
		The Volga delta has a length of 120 km and a coastline width of 200 km making it one of the major delta systems in the world.
		Small-scale stratigraphy in a large ramp delta:recent and Holocene sedimentation in the Volga delta, Caspian Sea.
	instaar.colorado.edu /~overeem/volga/volga.html (607 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal
		The Volga Delta is the largest inland river delta in Europe, and occurs where Europe's largest river system, the Volga River, drains into the Caspian Sea in Russia's Astrakhan Oblast, north-east of the republic of Kalmykia.
		The delta has been protected since the early 1900s, with one of the first Russian nature preserves (Astrakhan Nature Reserve,) having been set up there in 1919, but much of the local fauna is considered endangered.
		Although the delta is best known for its sturgeons, catfish and carp are also found in large numbers in the delta region.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Volga_Delta (514 words)

	Volga River Basin - UNEP/DEWA~Europe > Publication > Freshwater in Europe
		The Volga River is the longest river of Europe.
		The Volga Basin comprises four geographical zones: the dense, marshy forests; the forest steppes; the steppes; and the semi-desert lowlands.
		The course of the Volga is divided into three parts: the upper; the middle; and the lower Volga.
	www.grid.unep.ch /product/publication/freshwater_europe/volga.php (491 words)

	MODIS Website
		The Volga River delta is one of the most productive regions of the world for fish, particularly caviar-producing sturgeon, 25 percent of which live in the Volga River.
		This true-color image of the delta was taken by the Aqua MODIS instrument on June 11, 2005.
		The Volga River is Europe’s longest river, flowing some 3,700 kilometers (2,300 miles) from its source in the Valday hills of northwest Russia to the Caspian Sea.
	modis.gsfc.nasa.gov /gallery/individual.php?db_date=2005-07-08 (348 words)

	Volga River - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Volga river (Russian Во́лга, Tatar İdel, Идел, Mordvin Рав, Mari Юл, German Wolga) in Western Russia, Europe's longest river, with a length of 3,690 km (2,293 miles), provides the core of the largest river system in Europe.
		The Volga region is also home to a large German minority group, the Volga Germans.
		Under the Soviet Union a large slice of the region was turned into the Volga German Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic to house the Volga Germans.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Volga (552 words)

	Volga River Cruises
		The Volga River (Волга, Rha, İtil, İdel) in western Russia is the longest river in Europe.
		Volga River is a river in Clayton County of the U.S. state of Iowa
		After the Russian Revolution, the Volga German Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (Autonome Sozialistische Sowjet-Republik der Wolga-Deutschen; Автоно́мная Сове́тская Социалисти́ческая Респу́блика Не́мцев Пово́лжья) was established from 1924–1942 with the capital in Engels (known as "Pokrovsk" before 1931).
	www.artistbooking.com /trips/218/volga-river-cruises.html (1490 words)

	Hoogendoorn TU Delft
		It is the tenth largest delta in the world, but differs from all other deltas in being subject to the rapid sea-level fluctuations in the Caspian Sea.
		The continuous monitoring of delta development and the detailed nature of the field data combined with the rapid fluctuations of sea level allow a detailed level of insight into sequential stratigraphic development and thus lead to the description of the delta to a high level of heterogeneity.
		It is truly a fluvial dominated delta and as such it is very interesting to investigate the effects of variation of the fluvial dynamics.
	www.ta.tudelft.nl /PrivatePages/R.M.Hoogendoorn/research.htm (1973 words)

	WWF Global 200 Ecoregions -- Volga River Delta (157)
		The Volga River Delta ecoregion is outstanding because of its species diversity, rich soils, mild climate, and large size.
		The Volga River starts in the Valday Hills of northwestern Russia and flows 2,300 miles (3,700 km) before creating the delta and pouring into the Caspian Sea.
		And throughout the Volga swim the rare white-eyed bream and the endemic Volga lamprey.
	www.worldwildlife.org /wildworld/profiles/g200/g157.html (435 words)

	Volga River information - Search.com
		Russia was, after all, originally founded along the Volga, partly by Viking entrepreneurs using it as a road to the south from an entry point at or near Archangel.
		The Volga region is home to a German minority group, the Volga Germans, many of whom were invited to settle in Russia by various czars, such as Peter the Great, as part of a campaign to improve the country by importing skills.
		The Volga is of great importance to inland shipping and transport in Russia: all the dams in the river have been equipped with large (double) ship locks, so that vessels of considerable dimensions can actually travel from the Caspian Sea almost to the upstream end of the river.
	www.search.com /reference/Volga (1217 words)

	HABITATS - Ibis Tours (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The highest point o the delta is given by the sand dunes in Letea (+12.4m) and the maximum depth is on Chilia arm (-39 m).
		In the western part of the delta where the siltation is more intense, the lakes are more numerous, small and shallow (<1.0 m depth) while in the lower-lying eastern part, their number is reduced but the individual size is considerably larger.
		In the delta the amount of incoming sediment/year is about 1,5 million tons, a large part of which is deposited in secondary streams, canals and lakes.
	www.ibis-tours.ro /nature/habitat.htm (1527 words)

	Astrakhansky Zapovednik
		The Volga delta is one of the largest in the world, an intricate maze of streams and rivers that provide spawning grounds for many species of fish.
		Founded in 1919 to protect the rapidly disappearing delta ecosystems, the zapovednik is now famous as a kingdom of birds, where trees and skies are ever filled with the noisy songs of eagles, swans, ducks, geese, cranes, and pelicans.
		Despite the proximity of the sea, the Volga delta is located in the midst of a semi-desert region.
	www.wild-russia.org /bioregion3/astrakhan/3_astrakhan.htm (2298 words)

	N. Gumilev - The Khazars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		In 1960 in the Volga delta, on the high hill/mound of Stepan Razin, was discovered the first Khazarian burial.
		We see not a simple penetration of nomads in the Volga delta, but their symbiosis with the local settled people.
		When the sea raised with another eight-nine metres and flooded the remains of the Khazarian villages in the delta, and the Volga high waters did the same in the flood-lands, the descendants of the Khazars found refuge in Saraj - the capital of half of the world, and were dissolved in the enormous Golden Horde.
	www.kroraina.com /fadlan/gumilev.html (1105 words)

	Unique Facts-Europe-The Volga River
		The Volga and its tributaries form the Volga river system, which drains an area of about 1.35 million square kilometres in the most heavily populated part of Russia.
		The Volga Delta has a length of about 160 kilometres and includes as many as 500 channels and smaller rivers.
		Astrakhan, at the delta, is the centre of the caviar industry.
	www.sheppardsoftware.com /Europeweb/factfile/Unique-facts-Europe4.htm (502 words)

	Volga Delta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		In the past 200 years, the delta has built out unevenly, with greater development along the delta's eastern channels throughout the twentieth century.
		Figure 12.3 Position of the Volga delta marine edge in 1807 to 1817 (blue), 1920 (red), 1941 (orange), and in 1991 (green) with a Caspian Sea levels of -25.0, -26.1, -27.8, and -27.3 m, respectively.
		The nineteenth-century delta (blue) and the delta growth by 1920 (red) are highlighted and superimposed to facilitate comparisons.
	earth.jsc.nasa.gov /newsletter/DynamicEarth/Chapter12/Cp12.htm (446 words)

	Water Features and Water Issues: Caspian Sea
		The hazy atmosphere near the background is due to dust blowing from a region near the Aral Sea.
		By late March, the Caspian ice cover around the Volga Delta has thinned, and the heavy sediment load brought down by the river results in a significant plume of mud into the sea.
		The coastline of the delta has been flooded in recent years due to a 2 meter rise in sea level in the Caspian.
	eol.jsc.nasa.gov /newsletter/html_Mir/caspian.htm (568 words)

	Danube Delta & Tulcea \| Travel To Romania
		The largest town closest to the Danube Delta and serving as a hub and entry point for it is Tulcea.
		Tulcea and the Danube Delta are located in Tulcea county, Dobrogea, Romania, in the easternmost part of the country, 120 km north of the biggest city in Dobrogea, Constanta and 270 km northeast of Bucharest, just south of the border with Ukraine.
		Another way of reaching the city and thus the Delta is by road, Tulcea being well connected through national and European roads with both Bucharest and Constanta.
	www.traveltoromania.com /destinations/dobrogea/danubedelta (543 words)

	[No title]
		Recent changes observed in the southern part of the Delta include the drowning of land and swamp vegetation, a decrease in dissolved oxygen, changes in the feeding and breeding conditions for many mammals and water birds, and a loss of shallow aquatic areas.
		Significance of biodiversity The global importance of the Lower Volga region, and especially the Volga Delta, for biodiversity is widely recognised.
		The Delta is of major importance for at least 400,000 ducks that moult in its extensive marshes in late summer.
	www.gefweb.org /Projects/Pipeline/Pipeline_5/Russia_Lower_Volga_Region.doc (8155 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Geographical Location The reserve is split into three sections separated over a distance of 140km in the delta of the Volga River on the north-western shores of the Caspian Sea, between 50 and 70km south and east, respectively, of Astrakhan.
		The reserve is in three sections: (1) Damchiksky in the western delta; (2) Trekhizbinsky in the central delta; (3) Obzhorovsky in the eastern delta.
		Owing to the continuing drop in the water level of the Caspian Sea, and the regulation of the flow of the Volga River, the delta's islands and deposits have moved 40-50km downstream, and many of the important waterfowl populations are beyond the reserve boundaries.
	sea.unep-wcmc.org /sites/pa/0962v.htm (923 words)

	Astrakhan -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Astrakhan city is situated in the delta of the Volga River, 60 miles (100 km) from the Caspian Sea.
		The Volga and its parallel distributary, the Akhtuba, form the axis of the oblast, ending in a large delta.
		The majority of the population lives in the delta area around the city of Astrakhan, the administrative centre.
	britannica.com /eb/article-9009991?tocId=9009991&query=astrakhan&ct= (720 words)

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