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Topic: Volition (psychology)

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	Psychology - LoveToKnow 1911
		In defining psychology, hwever, the propriety of avoiding the terms mind or soul, which it implies, is widely acknowledged; mind because of the disastrous dualism of mind and matter, soul because of its metaphysical associations.
		But in psychology, when presentations are regarded as subjective modifications, we have this mistaken isolation in a glaring form, and all the hopeless difficulties of what is called subjective idealism are the result.
		The older psychology, by its acceptance of the Cartesian doctrine that all the facts of immediate experience are to be interpreted as subjective modifications, failed to distinguish adequately between the subject as active and the objects of its activity.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Psychology (18010 words)

	Wundt's Outlines of Psychology
		Psychology, on the other hand, investigates the contents of experience in their complete and actual form, both the ideas that are referred to objects, and all the subjective processes that cluster about them.
		Regarding psychology as a part of philosophical metaphysics, its chief effort is directed toward the discovery of a definition of the "nature of mind" that shall be in accord with the whole theory of the metaphysical system to which the particular psychology belongs.
		Though psychology must dispense with metaphysical supplementary hypotheses in regard to the interconnection of psychical processes, because these processes are the immediate contents of experience are the immediate contents of experience, still another method of procedure is open from the very fact that inner and outer experience are supplementary points of view.
	www.marxists.org /reference/subject/philosophy/works/ge/wundt.htm (4606 words)

	Volition (psychology) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		One of the three primary human psychological faculties (the other two being feeling or affect, and thinking), volition is the least conscious of the three.
		Volition can be extroverted, as in the will to change the surrounding world (environment), or introverted, as in the will to change oneself or believe/accept something.
		When an immanent, or settled state of, choice, is one which controls or governs a series of actions, we call that state a predominant volition; while we give the name of subordinate volitions to those particular acts of choice which carry into effect the object sought for by the governing or "predominant volition".
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Volition_(psychology) (221 words)

	The province of functional psyhology
		This broad biological ideal of functional psychology of which we have been speaking may be phrased with a slight shift of emphasis by connecting it with the problem of discovering the fundamental utilities of consciousness.
		No courageous psychology of volition is possible which does not squarely face the mind-body problem, and in point of fact every important description of mental life contains doctrine of one kind or another upon this matter.
		This is the psychology of the fundamental utilities of consciousness ; (3) and [p.86] lastly we have functionalism described as psychophysical psychology, that is the psychology which constantly recognizes and insists upon the essential significance of the mind-body relationship for any just and comprehensive appreciation of mental life itself.
	www.meta-religion.com /Psychiatry/Articles/province_of_functional.htm (9033 words)

	8 Volition & Special Sciences
		As we have seen, volition may be conceived as a spiritual event that may have physical consequences under specific conditions.
		On a physical level, physical events caused by volition appear as spontaneous, because their cause is in a non-physical domain.
		Volition is distinguishable from a spontaneous mechanical event by the involvement in it of consciousness.
	www.thelogician.net /4b_volition/4b_chapter_08.htm (5400 words)

	Psychology
		A Christian perspective on human motivation and change, however, embraces a rather different and broader causal understanding of human conduct, one that emphasizes personal agency and mind, volition and responsibility, the centrality of values, and the potential for radical transformation.
		The Psychology team would explore five broad and logically related themes to explore and explicate Christian scholarship on human change.
		The interaction of mechanistic and agentive influences on human behavior, including phenomena such as choice, decision, conscience, awakening, and commitment, is one area for exploration, in a field focused almost exclusively on reductionistic models.
	www.nd.edu /~csp/psychology.html (471 words)

	Conation: An important factor of mind (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Conation refers to the connection of knowledge and affect to behavior and is associated with the issue of "why." It is the personal, intentional, planful, deliberate, goal-oriented, or striving component of motivation, the proactive (as opposed to reactive or habitual) aspect of behavior (Baumeister, Bratslavsky, Muraven and Tice, 1998; Emmons, 1986).
		At the beginning of modern psychology, both emotion and conation were considered central to its study; however, interest in these topics declined as overt behavior and cognition received more attention (Amsel, 1992; Ford, 1987).
		A third aspect is the exercise of volition or the freedom to choose and control one’s thoughts and behavior (Kivinen, 1997).
	chiron.valdosta.edu /whuitt/col/regsys/conation.html (3347 words)

	2 Interactions Volition & Causation
		Indirect volition refers to a weaker bond, which is actually a sequence of two causal events: (a) a direct volition, followed by (b) a conditional causation.
		Similarly with volition, the cause of a cause may be a lesser cause or not a cause at all.
		Psychology and sociology are not only concerned with volition; and agriculture and technology are not only concerned with causation.
	www.thelogician.net /4b_volition/4b_chapter_02.htm (4669 words)

	VOLITION AN INTRODUCTION TO THE LAW OF KAMMA
		Volition is one of the fifty-two mental states, which arise together with consciousness.
		Kamma or volition from the past leaves a potential for the fruits or vipaka to arise in the present.
		Volition (cetana) accompanies every types of consciousness; it is one of the seven cetasikas bound up with all 89 or 121 types of consciousness.
	www.buddhistinformation.com /volition_an_introduction_to_the_.htm (7482 words)

	George Herbert Mead: Social Psychology as Counterpart to Physiological Psychology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In the Social Psychology of McDougall, which appeared but a few months before the treatise we have just mentioned, human consciousness is conceived of as determined by social instincts, whose study reveals sociality not as the result of interaction but as the medium within which intelligence and human emotion must arise.
		The modern sociologists neither abjure psychology with Comte, nor determine what the value of the social character of human consciousness is for the psychology which they attempt to use.
		By no possibility can psychology deal with the material with which physiology and the social sciences deal, because the consciousness of psychological science arises within a physical and a social world that are presuppositions of itself.
	spartan.ac.brocku.ca /~lward/Mead/pubs/Mead_1909a.html (2519 words)

	CETANA / cetana.htm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		This volitional act does not cease at the biological death of a being, but it acts as a condition to the arising of a new existence immediately after the death-proximity in the present life.
		Volition is present whenever there is bodily, verbal or mental action; but as that volition is not accompanied by tanha, at the end of each impulsive moment, it completely disappears without leaving any trace and without transforming it into kamma.
		Their non-causal volition (kiriya citta) does not modify the character ethically one way or another, because it is now subject to good conditions—(hetus) - namely, alobha (detachment), adosa (amity), and amoha (absence of illusion), and is entirely free from the latent evil tendencies (anusayas).
	web.ukonline.co.uk /buddhism/cetana.htm (1278 words)

	Wilhelm Wundt on Judgement (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		His system of psychology, while acknowledging the associative characteristics of some types of thought, takes pains to stress the non-additive nature of higher cognitive acts and fights to preserve the independence of psychology (and the rest of the “special sciences,” including logic and ethics) from physiology.
		The basic laws that govern psychology are associative, but if we are to make the transition to logical thought, we will have to study that portion of our psychology that is enabled by our apperception and that is affected and conditioned by our social practices.
		His cultural psychology, on the other hand, was not experimental at all and could not figure in any intelligible way in the plans of the emerging community of ‘scientific’ psychologists.
	philosophy.ucsd.edu /courses/fall99/secret/phil207wundt.html (2612 words)

	Psychology: 19
		Equally unjustifiable is it to represent the doctrine of Indeterminism as a theory of causeless volition.
		In the determinist theory no other volition or choice than those actually elicited were really possible to that man throughout his entire past life, and the present criminal choice is inexorably determined by the equally inevitable choices that have gone before.
		The defenders of moral freedom maintain that within a certain limited sphere man's volition, and consequently his action, is not inevitably predetermined by his character and surroundings.
	www.nd.edu /Departments/Maritain/etext/psych019.htm (10642 words)

	Psychology - Chandirimani
		This article is an attempt to study the theoretical assumptions and postulates of Vipassana, and to examine their apparent similarities with the basic concepts of humanistic psychology.
		The volition is influenced not only by the causative forces carried from the past but also by the goals a person seeks in future.
		Humanistic Psychology makes it clear that life is not a problem to be solved, but a reality to experience.
	www.vri.dhamma.org /research/94sem/psych.html (1568 words)

	Book Reviews- Alcoholics Anonymous
		That volition, "will power," tracked to its source, is the automatic and irrefutable working of a dominating idea.
		It is a sink or swim psychology; there is no pampering by the group and no protection.
		That is the realization of his own inability to cope with his repeated failures and the recognition of the reality of that Power greater than himself, whom we call God, to drive out his obsession.
	www.rewritables.net /cybriety/book_reviews.htm (7243 words)

	RealMagick Article: Hypnosis, volition, and mind control. by Todd I. Stark
		The exact nature of what we experience as 'will' or volition is anage-old philosophical problem that has yet to be resolved by brain scientistsor psychologists.
		The vast majority of hypnosis researchers seem to believe that the individualhas a capacity for volition which may be influenced but not ablated byhypnotic suggestion.
		The question of volition becomes important when we consider the long-studied question of whether a hypnotist can influence an individual to performbehaviors which they would not 'ordinarily' want to perform, such as to commitcrimes or to injure themselves or others.
	realmagick.com /articles/63/563.html (2692 words)

	Psychology
		Two of the three required basic-level courses must be in two different areas of psychology outside the student's main area of concentration.
		An introduction to the use of empirically based modeling as a means for understanding the functional consequences of the anatomical, biophysical, and pharmacological properties of neurons and neural circuits involved in perception, motor control, and learning.
		A luncheon meeting of the faculty and graduate students in developmental psychology for reports of current research and discussion on topics of general interest.
	www.yale.edu /bulletin/html2001/grad/psyc.html (2771 words)

	Library of Congress, Collections Policy Statements, PSYCHOLOGY
		Materials in psychology, the study of the science of behavior, are classed primarily in BF.
		In general, the Library's holdings of foreign titles in the field of psychology are not as extensive as its holdings in English, especially in the area of foreign-language serials.
		Libraries or universities with strong psychology departments and active research faculty have collections of laboratory notes and working papers produced in connection with their research programs; these are not collected by the Library.
	www.loc.gov /acq/devpol/psychology.html (556 words)

	Social & Health (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Psychology Department at Essex University has a group of social psychologists (Philip Cozzolino, Nicolas Geeraert, Sheina Orbell, Marco Perugini, Tim Rakow, Ayse Uskul) with shared interests in diverse areas of social cognition.
		We have specialist expertise in quantitative methodology in social psychology and use methodologies ranging from computer driven subliminal priming techniques through to large scale population surveys and field experiments.
		Marco's research interests are spanning the fields of social psychology, personality, and quantitative research methodology.
	www.essex.ac.uk /psychology/psy/RESEARCH/SandH.html (545 words)

	Long Beach City College--Library Subject Guide--Psychology
		Psychology is the study of behavior in man and animals.
		Psychology materials can be found in the Reference Room Collections at LAC and PCC with LC call numbers beginning with BF or RC.
		There are about 90 videos available on the subject of psychology that can be viewed in the library when they are not being used for a course.
	lib.lbcc.edu /handouts/psychology.html (1280 words)

	Wilhelm Wundt and William James
		Wundt felt that volition -- acts of will, "decision and choice" -- were so significant to understanding psychology, that he wound up calling his theory voluntaristic psychology.
		The work done in his labs on volition would influence the Belgian phenomenologist Albert Michotte, who in turn would influence people such as Heider, Lewin, and Festinger who would be very influential in the new specialty called social psychology.
		Volition and volitional acts can range from impulses and automatic, nearly reflexive acts to complex decisions and acts that require great effort.
	www.ship.edu /~cgboeree/wundtjames.html (4865 words)

	On the Social Significance of the Will (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The project in which this symposium is embedded inquires into various strands of research on the "nature and culture of volition".
		Notably, they inquire into the role of volition in theory and practice of a prominent social institution: the law.
		The basic idea is that the societal practice of jurisdiction and forensic psychiatry, as well as social practice in general, cannot do away with a foundational view of volition and intentionality.
	www.psy.mpg.de /MPIPF/vw-wille/maasen-significance.htm (1038 words)

	Coherent Extrapolated Volition
		Let's ask Fred's volition a more complicated question: "What should the code of a Friendly AI look like?" But there's a minor problem, which is that Fred is a hunter-gatherer from the Islets of Langerhans, where they have never even heard of Artificial Intelligence.
		I think the extrapolated volitions of the 95% majority, including myself, may say that there are forces in our Nice Place to Live that do not derive strictly from individual volitions, that people can sometimes affect one another even without the consent of the affected.
		An approximate extrapolation of humankind's volition might state a 99% confidence that a perfect extrapolation of humankind's volition would show between 78% and 82% of the population agreeing on a certain proposition.
	www.singinst.org /friendly/collective-volition.html (15036 words)

	Robert L. Morris (Deceased)
		He received a BSc in Psychology at the University of Pittsburgh in 1963 and a PhD in Psychology (minor in Zoology) from Duke University in 1969.
		Bob was PA representative to the American Association for the Advancement of Science for several years and recently was President of the Psychology Section of the British Association for the Advancement of Science.
		Bob's academic interests include parapsychology in general, the psychological aspects of the conduct of science, anomalous experiences, deception, belief formation and maintenance, crosscultural aspects of psi experience and research, sport psychology, and volition and human performance.
	www.parapsych.org /members/r_morris.html (1124 words)

	Cult Influence & Persuasion Tactics
		This fundamental level of control is known alternatively as 'brainwashing,' 'thought reform,' or 'mind control.' A successful induction by a destructive cult displaces a person's former identity and replaces it with a new one.
		That new identity may not be one that the person would have freely chosen under her own volition (Hassan, 1990).
		Behavior is a function of both a person's personality and her situation (those of you who've taken psychology may recall the classic Lewinian formulation B=f[P,E] which indicates that behavior is a function of, or an interaction of, both the personality and the environment).
	www.workingpsychology.com /cult.html (1265 words)

	Psychology Today: Therapists, Psychologists, Counseling in Kyle, Texas - TX
		Psychology Today: Therapists, Psychologists, Counseling in Kyle, Texas - TX Home
		""Why can't you just..." You know the words; the ones that describe that disconnect between reason and volition.
		If you are a licensed psychologist, psychiatrist, social worker, marriage and family therapist or counselor in the US or Canada you are invited to add your information to Psychology Today's Therapy Directory.
	cms.psychologytoday.com /google/state/TX/Kyle.html (144 words)

	Without Volition: The Presence and Purpose of Ideomotor Movement
		The word volition is especially important to this concept.
		Defined as "the power of choosing; the act of making a choice or decision; willful," volition is subtly different than simple reflexive activity thought not to include the higher centers of the brain.
		We suppose ourselves to be consciously in control of our movement for the most part, and it is difficult to convince people otherwise under ordinary circumstances.
	www.barrettdorko.com /articles/ideomotor.htm (1721 words)

	Classics in the History of Psychology -- James (1890) Chapter 2
		His lack of all thought by which to weigh the danger against the attractiveness of the bait, and of all volition to remain hungry a little while longer, is the direct measure of his lowness in the mental scale.
		And those fishes which, like our cunners and sculpins, are no sooner thrown back from the hook into the water, than they automatically seize the hook again, would soon expiate the degradation of their intelligence by the extinction of their type, did not their exaggerated fecundity atone for their imprudence.
		But their minute discussion belongs to medicine rather than to general psychology, and I can only use them here to illustrate the principles of motor localization.[13] Under the heads of sight and hearing I shall have a little more to say.
	psychclassics.yorku.ca /James/Principles/prin2.htm (17603 words)

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