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	Volta - Search Results - MSN Encarta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Volta, river in Ghana, formed by the confluence of the Black Volta and White Volta rivers at Yeji in the central part of the country, and flowing in...
		Volta was born in Como and educated in the...
		Volta, Lake, reservoir on the Volta River in central Ghana, formed by the Akosombo Dam.
	ca.encarta.msn.com /Volta.html (151 words)

	Volta - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Volta, river, Ghana, formed by the confluence of the Black Volta and White Volta rivers, and flowing in a southerly course through Lake Volta, Ghana...
		Volta Redonda, city in eastern Brazil, in Rio de Janeiro State on the Paraíba River.
		Volta, Lake, artificial stretch of water, south-eastern Ghana; created by the Volta River Project from 1961 to 1965.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Volta.html (133 words)

	Remediation of the environmental impacts of the Akosombo and Kpong dams
		The Akosombo Dam on the Volta River was built in 1963 to enhance and accelerate economic growth of the newly independent state, Ghana.
		The Volta River Authority (VRA), established in 1961, was assigned the responsibility of seeing to the construction of the dam at Akosombo and the eventual generation of electric power and to plan, organise and implement a resettlement programme.
		The Volta Basin Research Project (VBRP); a multidisciplinary research organisation, was set up by the University of Ghana in 1963 with a mission of maximising the benefits and mitigation or minimising the negative effects on the environment, of the impoundment of the Volta River at Akosombo.
	www.solutions-site.org /artman/publish/printer_53.shtml (3199 words)

	Volta - HighBeam Encyclopedia
		Volta, river, c.290 mi (470 km) long, formed in central Ghana, W Africa, by the confluence of the Black Volta (or Mouhon, c.840 mi/1,350 km long) and the White Volta (or Nakambe, c.450 mi/720 km long), both of which rise in Burkina Faso.
		The dam (370 ft/113 m high; completed 1965), the principal unit of the Volta Development Project, regulates the flow of the Volta River, stores water for irrigation, and generates hydroelectricity (750,000-kW capacity) that supports a large aluminum industry.
		Bicentennial of Alessandro Volta's Invention of the "Electric Pile": Discovery of the Electrical Basis of Chemistry.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-Volta.html (484 words)

	Dams: Environmental Impacts
		So, too, is the river a product of the land it inhabits––the type of rock and soil, the shape of the land, and the amount of vegetation are some of the factors that determine the river’s shape, size and flow.
		When these ties between the land and the river are broken by a large dam, the consequences are felt throughout the watershed, as well as by the web of life it supports.
		The regulation of the Volta River in Ghana by the Akasombo and Kpong dams has led to the disappearance of the once–thriving clam industry at the river’s estuary, as well as the serious decline of barracuda and other sport fish.
	www.irn.org /basics/impacts.html (1228 words)

	Ghana Without Nkrumah - Footnote To The Nkrumah Story (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Due to the fact that the River Volta is very deep at this very point, over two-thirds of the dam lies hidden beneath the surface of the water.
		The story of the Volta River Project will not be complete without reference to the 80,000 people who had to be moved from their villages, and resettled in other areas, because of the formation of the Volta Lake.
		The Volta River Project is a concrete symbol of the type of international cooperation which can, to quote my friend Edgar Kaiser, help to "forge world peace." It is perhaps the greatest tragedy of today's world that billions of dollars, rubles, and pounds should be spent every year on military armaments and on wars.
	home.comcast.net /~amaah/writings/ghana-without-nkrumah-footnote.html (2060 words)

	Ghana - Rivers and Lakes
		Before their confluence was submerged, the rivers came together in the middle of the country to form the main Volta River.
		The Oti River and the Daka River, the principal tributaries of the Volta in the eastern part of the country, and the Pru River, the Sene River, and the Afram River, major tributaries to the north of the Kawhu Plateau, also empty into flooded extensions of the lake in their river valleys.
		Lake Volta is a rich source of fish, and its potential as a source for irrigation is reflected in agricultural mechanization agreement signed in the late 1980s to irrigate the Afram Plains.
	countrystudies.us /ghana/30.htm (818 words)

	Biffa-HTI ~ Starting Points Focus on Ghana River volta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The River Volta is 1,600 km long, from where the Black Volta rises in Burkina Faso.
		It is Ghana's largest river and drains 70 per cent of the country's land.
		Lake Volta is an artificial lake on the river, which covers 9,500 square kilometres.
	www.e4s.org.uk /biffa/ghana/volta.html (93 words)

	The West Coast, excluding the Gambia River and Volta basins (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The annual discharge of the Casamance River, as measured between 1968 and 1983 was 0.07 km³.
		Two types of river exist: the major basins from north-east to south-west, with rivers originating in Guinea and Côte d'Ivoire and with an average entering discharge of 15 to 20 km³/year; numerous, short, coastal watercourses.
		The runoff of the Osun River is regulated by the Asejire Dam.
	www.fao.org /docrep/W4347E/w4347e0v.htm (1304 words)

	hippos of the Black Volta River
		As a result the river was twice as wide as had been expected and access to the riverbank was impossible except in a few places.
		Thus Faber's (1996) estimate of 18 individuals within the park (and 27 throughout the Ghanaian portion of the Black Volta) is a gross underestimate, and highlights the dangers of using cursory observations as a basis for estimating animal populations, even when the animals are as large and conspicuous as the hippopotamus.
		Census of the Mara River hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius), southwest Kenya, 1980-1982.
	mampam.50megs.com /public_html/hippos.html (3080 words)

	Peace Corps \| World Wise Schools \| Water in Africa \| Stories \| Ghana
		The Volta River is mostly used by fishermen.
		There are only two bridges that cross the river so there are a lot of wooden canoes at various points along the river to shuttle people back and forth.
		Lake Volta is used as a means to transport materials and people to the northern part of Ghana.
	www.peacecorps.gov /wws/educators/enrichment/africa/countries/ghana/transportation.html (351 words)

	UNEP Global 500 Forum :: Courting Megadisaster: Bui Dam May Cause Havoc
		A survey of the diverse species found at the Bui National park and the fl volta river in the northwestern part of Ghana, conducted by scientists from the University of Aberdeen in Scotland recently, also reveal that the fl volta river abounds with forty six species of fish from seventeen families all of economic importance.
		They reveal that with the damming of the river these native fish communities would also be destroyed over long distances downstream as a result of physical barriers that will block fish migration routes along the Black Volta and destroy forests used as spawning grounds for fish.
		The Black Volta flows through some of the most pristine intact forests left in Ghana, with the construction of the dam, the area's spectacular natural treasures will be ruined forever.
	www.global500.org /feature_4.html (2271 words)

	Graphic Ghana - News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		In Ghana, the project is being piloted in the Bawku municipality, Bawku West and the Garu-Tempane districts in the Upper East Region.
		He explained that the Volta River Systems had about 70 per cent of the country's river networks and that it had its connections with other rivers in neighbouring Burkina Faso, hence the need for collaboration and co-operation.
		The MCE pointed out that negative farming practices had the tendency of affecting the basin, as it was already the case”, adding that farming along the river banks caused siltation, thereby making the river unable to hold water during and after the rains".
	www.graphicghana.info /article.asp?artid=10632 (781 words)

	Green Cross Italia
		The Volta basin is one of the poorest regions in Africa.
		The main waterways are: the Mouhoun (Black Volta), the Nakambé (White Volta), the Nazinon (Red Volta), the Sourou, the Sissili, The Oti, and the Pendjari.
		The Water for Peace project in the Volta basin hopes to be the architect of new and enhanced channels of communication between and among civil society representatives and the governments of the riparian states as they negotiate the direction of cooperative water management in the basin.
	www.greencrossitalia.it /ita/acqua/wfp/volta_wfp_001.htm (2269 words)

	Keta Beach Hotel
		The most easterly region of Ghana, bordering on Togo, the Volta Region is an area of extraordinary scenic beauty.
		From the coastal plain, fringed by sun-dappled beaches and mangrove swamps, through moist deciduous rain forests in the central belt, where Mt. Afadjato at 885m is the highest point in Ghana, to the arid savannah of northern Ghana, you can experience almost every tropical climate in West Africa.
		This region is dominated by the River Volta and Lake Volta, on its western flank.
	www.ketabeachhotel.com /Volta.htm (249 words)

	The Raw Story \| Low water behind Volta Dam plunges Ghana into darkness
		The dam, built in 1965 on the Volta River, generates about 912 megawatts of power at Akosombo and about 160 megawatts at Kpong, a smaller dam built 25 kilometres downstream.
		Authorities say that hydroelectric generation is threatened by low water following poor flow from the Volta River, whose three main tributaries - the White Volta, Black Volta and Red Volta - are in Burkina Faso, where the rains have not been good.
		The opposition spokesman on energy, Dr Kwame Ampofo, is asking the Volta Aluminium Company (VALCO), which consumes huge power at its smelter plant at Tema, some 25 kilometres east of Accra, to shut down.
	rawstory.com /news/2006/Low_water_behind_Volta_Dam_plunges__09032006.html (561 words)

	Afram Kwawu
		Until the coming of the railway, the Afram River, running from the northwest to the southeast, was a major water transport route between Kumase and Accra.
		In the sixties, the Akosombo Dam was built on the lower Volta River.
		The Afram River, the major tributary of the Volta River, also flooded, and much of the Afram Plains was put under a meter or so of water.
	www.scn.org /rdi/kw-fram.htm (380 words)

	Lake Volta - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Lake Volta - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		The country’s main river is the Volta, which is formed in the center of the country by the confluence of the Black Volta and the White Volta.
		Rivers and Lakes : rivers of Africa : specific rivers: Volta
	encarta.msn.com /Lake_Volta.html (144 words)

	afrol News - Ghana, Burkina Faso to manage Volta Basin
		Ghana and Burkina Faso - which was named Upper Volta in colonial times - are the principal countries of the Volta Basin, accounting for 85 percent of its extension.
		Other countries affected by River Volta and its tributaries are Côte d'Ivoire, Togo, Benin and a small part of Mali.
		Environmental pressure is steadily increasing in the densely populated river basin.
	www.afrol.com /articles/15358 (722 words)

	VOLTA LAKE
		he Volta Lake is a man-made lake created after the River Volta was dammed at the Akosombo gorge.
		The lake is dendritic in shape and has a generally north- south orientation with an average length and width of 400 km and 25 km respectively.
		Source of water (Volta River), navigation and transportation (44,285 passengers/21,066 tons of cargo in 1986), sightseeing and tourism (no. of visitors in 1986: >15,000) and fisheries.
	www.ilec.or.jp /database/afr/afr-16.html (640 words)

	voltaregengl2.html (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The river is extremely rich in fish such as tilapia and fresh water oyster (clam), and prawns.
		The river offers opportunity for a variety of water aports, fishing, speed boating, and wind surfing.
		Passenger boats plying between Akuse -near Akosombo dam- and Ada Foah at the Volta estuary.
	digilander.libero.it /babaglioni/voltaregengl2.html (276 words)

	Untitled
		With an area of 400,000 km2, the Volta basin is one of the largest African freshwater basins.
		The long-term goal is to enhance the ability of the countries to plan and manage the Volta catchment areas within their territories and aquatic resources and ecosystems on a sustainable basis.
		The project recognizes the complex and interlinked nature of Volta River Basin and aims to develop a more sectorally-coordinated management approach, based on IWRM, both at the national and the regional level, with a strong emphasis on an expanded role for all stakeholders within a participatory management framework, especially the private sector.
	www.gefonline.org /projectDetails.cfm?projID=1111 (509 words)

	Dam design and operation to optimize fish production in impounded river basins (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		It was feared at first that the reduction in seawater penetration into the river channel due to increased dam discharge (Pople and Rogoyska, 1969) would adversely affect clam recruitment in view of their requirement for saline water during breeding.
		Fish ladders in use on impounded temperate zone rivers for salmonids are so successful only because their design has been optimized (by many years of study and experience) for one or a small number of target species.
		Reduction of peak river flow by dams can also result in the loss of an annual charge of freshwater entering coastal lagoons and delta lakes, as has happened at the Keta lagoon of the Volta River estuary (Petr, in press).
	www.fao.org /docrep/005/AC675E/AC675E06.htm (5225 words)

	CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food: Mekong River Basin
		Although some stretches remain relatively untouched by human activity, the river is an economic lifeline for 60 million people.
		The heavy reliance of the Mekong basin’s inhabitants on the river, especially for agriculture and fisheries, presents a number of complex, interrelated issues for transboundary governance and sustainable development.
		The lead role of the Mekong River Commission (MRC), which represents four of the basin’s riparian countries, is facilitating this process.
	www.waterandfood.org /index.php?id=63 (514 words)

	allAfrica.com: The Position of Ghana on the Arrangements with Valco
		The dispute relates to the expiration of the Power Contract in April 1997, which entails the provision of electric power from the Volta River Authority to Valco.
		The Volta River Development Project in Ghana was thus implemented with the construction of the Akosombo Hydroelectric Generating Station, in the process also creating the Volta Lake.
		Ghana's position is that the 1997 exercise of the option to renew the Power Contract by Valco after the expiry of the initial 30-year period of the agreement should have been subjected to due Parliamentary consideration and approval.
	allafrica.com /stories/200305070811.html (2003 words)

	Parker/Gentry 1997 Recipient : Christopher Gordon
		Gordon, a zoologist at the University of Ghana and a senior research fellow of the Volta Basin Research Project, is calling attention to the urgent need to protect and study Ghana's rich aquatic resources, which have been exploited due to population increase, the higher expectations of local people and the country's rush to industrialize.
		For many years, the focus of Gordon's conservation work has been the Volta Basin Research Project, established by the University of Ghana in 1963 to mitigate the problems created when the government built Akosombo, a 768,000 kilowatt hydroelectric dam on the Volta River.
		Internationally, Gordon was invited to the 150th meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in Philadelphia (1998) to speak on emerging water issues in Africa, particularly the status of freshwater in West Africa.
	www.fieldmuseum.org /parkergentry/1997.htm (575 words)

	What is the Volta River Authority?-Some Basic Information
		The primary functions of the Authority as a power generation, transmission and distribution utility, include the generation of electric power, first by the development of the hydro-electric potential of the Volta River and the construction and operation of a transmission system for the supply of electrical energy for industrial, commercial and domestic use.
		Similar responsibility is exercised (not under a legislative enactment) in respect of the VRA township at Akuse and the reservoir formed in connection with the Kpong Hydro-electric Project.
		The Authority being responsible for assisting in the socio-economic development of the Volta Basin has facilitated the development of the Volta Lake as a means of transportation in a suitable manner through the provision of port and landing stage infrastructure as well as maritime navigational aids.
	members.tripod.com /ericyankah/vrabinfo.html (1354 words)

	Lake Volta and Akosombo
		Near the Afram River, much of the surrounding countryside is flooded or swampy during the rainy seasons.
		With the construction of Lake Volta (8,515 hectares in surface area) in the mid-1960s, much of the Afram Plains was submerged.
		Construction of the dam at Akosombo, about eighty kilometers upstream its potential as a source for irrigation is reflected in agricultural mechanization agreement signed in the late 1980s to irrigate the Afram Plains.
	www.ghanaweb.com /GhanaHomePage/tourism/akosombo.php (454 words)

	The Volta River Project in Ghana, West Africa
		Although the Colonial Administration of the Gold Coast in 1924 started considering a water development project for the Volta the project did not reach a serious stage until Kwame Nkrumah became the leader of Ghana after independence.
		One of the problems for the Volta River Project is that it needed a purchaser for the excess electrical power output.
		The problem was that at that time the aluminum industry already had adequate capacity, even over-capacity, and there were no companies interested in entering into a long term contract to purchase electricity from the Volta River Project.
	www.sjsu.edu /faculty/watkins/volta.htm (808 words)

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