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	Voltage Controlled Oscillators
		In large signal operation, the RF voltage on the varactor may be of the same magnitude as the DC bias or even greater.
		The output frequency versus tuning voltage is an exponential function of the type shown in Figure 1.
		Control of the discrete noise components is as much the task of the Systems Engineer as the oscillator designer.
	www.emfsystems.com /100.htm (1209 words)

	Voltage-controlled oscillators having controlling circuits - Patent 7088190
		The oscillator delay stage circuit of claim 1, wherein the first resistance adjusting circuit comprises a third transistor having a gate terminal configured to receive the external control signal.
		The oscillator delay stage circuit of claim 1, wherein the control circuit further comprises an extrinsic capacitor electrically coupled between the output node and the second operating voltage.
		The oscillator delay stage circuit of claim 9, wherein the second transistor is a p-channel transistor.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /7088190.html (2780 words)

	Voltage-controlled oscillators patent invention (Site not responding. Last check: )
		1 illustrates a block diagram of a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) 100 comprising, illustratively, three delay stage circuits 110.1, 110.2, and 110.3, in accordance with embodiments of the present invention.
		Because the operating frequency of the VCO 100 is determined by the delay times of the delay stage circuits 110.1, 110.2, and 110.3, the operating frequency of the VCO 100 can be adjusted (i.e., controlled) by adjusting Vc.
		Voltage controlled oscillator, and pll circuit and wireless communication apparatus using the same
	www.freshpatents.com /Voltage-controlled-oscillators-dt20051215ptan20050275476.php (1216 words)

	voltage controlled crystal oscillator at Filtronetics, Inc.
		A TCXO or voltage controlled crystal oscillator is a crystal oscillator that incorporates circuitry to reduce the natural temperature sensitivity of the crystal.
		A VCXO or voltage controlled crystal oscillator is a crystal oscillator that allows the oscillator frequency to be controlled, "pulled", by an external voltage.
		Voltages are typically 3.3 Volts or 5 Volts for voltage controlled crystal oscillators.
	www.filtro.net /voltage_controlled_crystal_oscillator.html (801 words)

	VCXO Vectron Products - VCXOs and VCOs
		A VCXO (voltage controlled crystal oscillator) is a crystal oscillator which includes a varactor diode and associated circuitry allowing the frequency to be changed by application of a voltage across that diode.
		Control Voltage - This is the varying voltage which is applied to the VCXO input terminal causing a change in frequency.
		It is measured by applying a sinewave signal with a peak value equal to the specified control voltage, demodulating the VCXO's output signal, and comparing the output level of the demodulated signal at different modulation rates.
	www.vectron.com /products/appnotes/vcxos.htm (1192 words)

	Quadrature voltage controlled oscillators with phase shift detector patent invention (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The quadrature oscillator is further coupled with a phase-error detector connected at the point-of-use of the generated ‘I’ and ‘Q’ channels and through the control of current sources provides corrections means to ensure that the phase shift at the point-of-use remains at the desired ninety degrees.
		1 is a block-diagram of a quadrature VCO in accordance with the disclosed invention.
		Quadrature VCO 100 comprises of two identical oscillators 110-A and 110-B. It is important to preferably design these oscillators, when implemented as integrated components on an integrated circuit (IC), to be as close to identical as reasonably possible.
	www.freshpatents.com /Quadrature-voltage-controlled-oscillators-with-phase-shift-detector-dt20051215ptan20050275469.php (1785 words)

	voltage controlled oscillators
		This is to be part of a frequency synthesiser, although a vco isn't always associated with a frequency synthesiser.
		For a frequency synthesiser the tuning voltage is derived from the low pass filter of the PLL and you don't need to worry about it.
		With the 74HC4046 VCO, its tuning range is determined by one external capacitor C1 (between C1A and C1B) and one external resistor R1 (between R1 and GND) or two external resistors R1 and R2 (between R1 and GND, and R2 and GND).
	my.integritynet.com.au /purdic/voltage-controlled-oscillators.htm (1704 words)

	voltage controlled oscillators
		A voltage controlled oscillator or as more commonly known, a vco, is an oscillator where the principal variable or tuning element is a varactor diode.
		The voltage controlled oscillator is tuned across its band by a "clean" dc voltage applied to the varactor diode to vary the net capacitance applied to the tuned circuit.
		The device is specified to operate over a voltage supply range of 2.7 to 5.5 V. It has a typical current consumption of 15 mA at 3.0 V which makes it attractive for battery operated handheld systems.
	www.electronics-tutorials.com /oscillators/voltage-controlled-oscillators.htm (2070 words)

	Converters - Voltage to Frequency and Voltage Controlled Oscillators (VCO), page 1
		It uses four voltage controlled capacitors to change the frequency.
		By changing the supply voltage fed to a classic 4584 Schmitt trigger type oscillator, the oscillator frequency can be changed over a range of 50:1.
		A 74HCU04 inverter is used at the output of the 4584 to maintain a constant TTL logic level signal.
	www.discovercircuits.com /C/co-vtof.htm (1009 words)

	OTB - Working With Crystal Control: A 'Part 15' Broadcast Band Transmitter
		With voltages applied, all you do is to move the tuning cap around to find the best oscillation point, watching the plate voltage on a 'scope.
		In 1919 Cady used a quartz piezoid to control the frequency of an oscillator and in a series of papers during the next three years he described the use of quartz bars and plates as frequency standards and wave filters.
		It is generally accepted that Cady was the first to use a quartz piezoid to control the frequency of an oscillator circuit.
	www.antiquewireless.org /otb/bdb0204.htm (1445 words)

	Voltage Controlled Oscillator of VCOM-X/CF/BW/P series
		Voltage controlled oscillator of VCOM-X/CF/BW/P series was originally designed for purposes of EPR spectroscopy and plasma diagnostics.
		Output power and frequency are controlled by means of external DC or pulse voltages.
		All ELVA-1 VCOM series oscillators are warranted by the manufacturer for one year after delivery.
	www.elva-1.com /products/measurement/vcom.html (233 words)

	:: voltage controlled oscillators :: Blog News
		Voltage controlled oscillators tobacco use is voltage controlled oscillators largest preventable cause of death voltage controlled oscillators the United States, reducing tobacco voltage controlled oscillators and ETS exposure should be relevant to voltage controlled oscillators communities.
		voltage controlled oscillators voltage controlled oscillators consultation team members* generated a comprehensive voltage controlled oscillators of strategies and voltage controlled oscillators a priority list of interventions for review based on voltage controlled oscillators perception of the importance and the extent to voltage controlled oscillators** the interventions were practiced in the United States.
		voltage controlled oscillators reviewed were either single-component (i.e., using only one activity to achieve desired outcomes) or multicomponent (i.e., using more voltage controlled oscillators one related activity).
	hometown.aol.com /mortgage222/voltage-controlled-oscillators.html (391 words)

	VCXO - Industrial 101.com
		Voltage controlled oscillators are crystal oscillators in which oscillating frequency changes with the amount of voltage that is applied.
		Voltage controlled oscillators are used in radio transmitters to modulate frequency and in electronic pianos to produce different tones.
		A crystal oscillator is an in electronic circuit which uses the mechanical resonance of a physical crystal of piezoelectric material along with an amplifier and feedback to create an electrical signal which has a very precise and accurate frequency.
	www.industrial101.com /electronics/vcxo.aspx (371 words)

	VCXO, Voltage Controlled Crystal Oscillators (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Voltage controlled crystal oscillators typically employ a varactor diode to vary the frequency of oscillation by application of a tuning voltage.
		For PLL systems where the tuning slope impacts the loop stability, it may be appropriate to specify the minimum and maximum tuning slope at all points on the curve in addition to the percent linearity.
		Tuning bandwidth is primarily set by the circuitry connecting the tuning voltage to the varactor.
	www.wenzel.com /documents/vcxo.html (517 words)

	Quartz Crystal Oscillators
		Except the clock crystal oscillators there are voltage controlled and temperature compensated oscillators of high stability in the row of crystal devices produced.
		Voltage controlled oscillators are produced in the frequency range from 4.0 to 40.0 MHz.
		Depending upon the control voltage value (0-5V), the frequency tuning range is ±150 ppm.
	www.ukrpiezo.by.ru /oscillators.htm (132 words)

	Voltage Controlled Oscillators (VCO) - Communication Devices - ALPS Electric (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Voltage controlled oscillators (VCOs) change the applicable voltage, the capability of the varactor diode, and oscillation frequency.
		In addition to being used in the local oscillator circuit of the frequency converter, the VCO is used for the generation and regulation of carrier waves, and greatly enhances radio circuit quality.
		The VCO is often used in synthesizer based oscillator.
	www.alps.com /life/com_voltage.html (77 words)

	PRACTICAL SYNTHESISER COMPONENTS by Harry Lythall
		A conventional VCO uses a varicap diode to vary the capacitance across the LC circuit of the oscillator.
		When the control voltage is low then small voltages give a large capacitance change (high deviation level), but if the control voltage is high then the deviation will fall off dramatically.
		Now, our voltage to frequency translation will be more constant over the range of 0-5v from the loop filter, so the overall loop gain will become more constant, making the filter damping correct over the whole VCO frequency range.
	web.telia.com /~u85920178/conv/synth_10.htm (2956 words)

	Oscillator generates up to 3.274 GHz frequency., Crystek Crystals Corp.
		Crystek VCOs are ideal for use in applications such as digital radio equipment, fixed wireless access, satellite communications systems, base stations, personal communications systems, portable radios, and test instruments.
		oscillators), VCOs (voltage controlled oscillators), VCXOs (voltage controlled crystal oscillators), and TCVCXOs (temperature compensated voltage controlled oscillators).
		Nov 2, 2004 - VCO Family generates frequencies from 100 MHz to 1 GHz.
	news.thomasnet.com /fullstory/31319 (788 words)

	Oscillators :: oscillator products from International Crystal
		If a voltage with a variable frequency is applied to the crystal, the crystal will go into mechanical oscillation and will exhibit a number of resonant frequencies.
		ICM crystal oscillators typically have frequency ranges from 32 KHz to 200 MHz.
		All ICM custom manufactured crystal oscillators are 100% inspected on state of the art computer-controlled test equipment, not lot inspected, to meet specifications before shipment ensuring customers receive product that functions to required specifications every time ensuring no production downtime, minimizing rework, and eliminating customer returns due to component failure of ICM products.
	www.icmfg.com /oscillators.html (492 words)

	Voltage Controlled Oscillators
		At.300" x.300" x.075", this is Micronetics smallest VCO package, designed exclusively for wireless modems and custom applications in frequency ranges from 2132 MHz to 2485 MHz.
		This is Micronetics most versatile, commercial VCO designed specifically for use in handsets (DECT, DCS-1800, GSM PCS) as well as mobile radios and subscriber units.
		The new ½" VCO product family is ideal for a wide variety of narrowband and wideband applications, in frequencies ranging from 50 MHz to 7 GHz and supply voltages from 3V to 12V.
	www.chronos.co.uk /pages/comp/vco.php (163 words)

	Voltage Controlled Crystal Oscillators Manufacturers On B2BChinaSources.Com from China Voltage Controlled Crystal ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Voltage controlled crystal oscillators made in China by leading Chinese suppliers.
		Voltage controlled crystal oscillators supplied by Chinese manufacturers with the most competitive prices and superb quality.
		Voltage Controlled Crystal Oscillators made by creditable manufacturers and you are welcome to Add Your Products Here to attract more potential clients if you happen to be doing business in the same field.
	www.b2bchinasources.com /China-Manufacturers-13829/Voltage-Controlled-Crystal-Oscillators.html (502 words)

	VCO Product Line - Z Communications
		Z-Communication's Coaxial Resonator Based Oscillators (CRO) are now available from 400 MHz to 8 GHz with the best phase noise performance designed to meet the high data rate applications as carrier generators.
		The CLV series voltage controlled oscillators (VCO) are uniquely based on patened high-Q distributed resonator design offering low phase noise and linear tuning over a wide range of frequency bands (500 MHz to 6.8 GHz).
		SLV Series are a nwe class of Voltage Controlled Oscillators that provide exceptionally low phase noise performance with higher degree of immunity to microphonic effects and reduced phase hits due to their unique design.
	www.zcomm.com /vcopsg/vcos.aspx (460 words)

	Voltage Controlled Oscillators And Transceivers
		MDT provides a range of voltage controlled oscillators and voltage controlled transceivers.
		These units utilize MDT Gunn and Schottky diodes and are specifically designed for traffic counting and control, speed sensors and proximity detectors.
		MDT’s voltage Gunn controlled oscillators are designed to provide an affordable, frequency-modulated microwave power at a discrete frequency.
	www.rfglobalnet.com /Content/ProductShowcase/product.asp?DocID={5400FCD1-C537-4452-9C7D-08FC5DD91C7A} (109 words)

	Low-power voltage controlled oscillators in 90nm CMOS using high-quality thin-film post-processed inductors
		The 5GHz and 15GHz VCOs use respectively a 3nH and a 0.6nH WLP inductor without ground shielding resulting in a differential Q factor of respectively 40 and 55.
		The 5GHz and 15GHz VCOs show a low core power consumption of respectively 0.33mW and 2.76mW, a phase-noise of –115 and –105dBc/Hz (at 1MHz offset) and a tuning range of 148MHz and 469MHz.
		For comparison, a 6.3GHz 90nm VCO using a back-end inductor with patterned ground shield has a core power consumption of 5.9mW with a phase noise of -118dBc/Hz at 1MHz.
	www.physorg.com /news3017.html (533 words)

	Voltage Controlled Oscillators VCOs, Micronetics
		Micronetics VCOs deliver the performance and quality you expect them to, time and time again, in a wide range of packaging and pricing options for virtually unlimited applications including: CDMA, W-CDMA, GSM, Personal Communications, Wireless Local Loop, satellite, cellular, military and radar communications systems.
		Micronetics new ½" VCO product family is ideal for a wide variety of narrowband and wideband applications, in frequencies ranging from 50 MHz to 7 GHz and supply voltages from 3V to 12V.
		The custom VCO product family is comprised of high performance VCOs our engineering team has put together in the last several years for wireless applications around the world.
	www.micronetics.com /products/vcomain.html (382 words)

	Voltage Controlled SAW Oscillators
		Micro Networks has developed a series of low cost Voltage Controlled SAW Oscillators (VCSO’s), ideal for high-performance telecommunication applications.
		The M600 series is available in a 28-pin surface mount package and offers an output disable feature that forces the output into a static condition, enabling an external clock to control the output frequency.
		Micro Networks is a leading supplier of precision frequency sources, control modules, and filters for the optical networking, wireless base station, high-end server and military markets.
	www.fiberopticsonline.com /Content/ProductShowcase/product.asp?DocID={C2960337-1882-11D5-A770-00D0B7694F32}&VNETCOOKIE=NO (178 words)

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