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Topic: Voltage standing wave ratio

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	Standing wave - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A standing wave, also known as a stationary wave, is a wave that remains in a constant position.
		As an example of the second type, a standing wave in a transmission line is a wave in which the distribution of current, voltage, or field strength is formed by the superposition of two waves propagating in opposite directions.
		The degree to which the wave resembles either a pure standing wave or a pure travelling wave is measured by the standing wave ratio (SWR).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Standing_wave (308 words)

	Voltage standing wave ratio
		Voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR): In a transmission line, the ratio of maximum to minimum voltage in a standing wave pattern.
		Note: The VSWR is a measure of impedance mismatch between the transmission line and its load.
		The VSWR is also defined as the ratio of Maximum voltage to minimum voltage in a transmission medium.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/vo/Voltage_standing_wave_ratio.html (159 words)

	Standing wave ratio - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		For the calculation of VSWR, only the magnitude of Γ, denoted by ρ, is of interest.
		The higher voltages associated with a sufficiently high SWR could damage the transmitter.
		Abnormally high voltages in the antenna system increase the chance of accidental radiation burn if someone touches the antenna during transmission.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Voltage_standing_wave_ratio (792 words)

	Standing wave ratio -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The voltage component of a standing wave in a uniform (A conductor for transmitting electrical or optical signals or electric power) transmission line consists of the forward wave (with amplitude) superimposed on the reflected wave (with amplitude).
		For the calculation of VSWR, only the (The property of relative size or extent) magnitude of Γ, denoted by ρ, is of interest.
		The SWR can also be defined as the ratio of the maximum amplitude of the (Click link for more info and facts about electric field strength) electric field strength to its minimum amplitude, i.e.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/s/st/standing_wave_ratio.htm (840 words)

	Problems Two
		It is a dimensionless number, equal to the ratio of voltage at a standing wave pattern maximum to the voltage at a standing wave pattern minimum, 1/4 of a transmission line wavelength away along the line.
		The position of the first standing wave minimum is measured from the position of the load, and it is where a probe measuring the total voltage on the line would pick up the smallest signal, as the probe was run back along the line from the load.
		Here, the voltage and currents at the standing wave minimum are those that would be measured if we could include a current meter in one of the wires of the transmission line, and measure the voltage between the wires of the transmission line, both measurements being taken at the standing wave minimum.
	www.ee.surrey.ac.uk /Personal/D.Jefferies/probs2.html (1155 words)

	Impedance
		If the applied voltage is changing over time (as in an AC circuit), then the component may affect both the phase and the amplitude of the current, due to inductors and capacitors inside the component.
		In this case, the impedance is a complex number (this is a mathematically convenient way of describing the amplitude ratio and the phase difference together in a single number).
		If the voltage is not a sine curve of fixed frequency, then one first has to perform Fourier analysis to find the signal components at the various frequencies.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/i/im/impedance.html (700 words)

	Terminology Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Electromagnetic waves in free space travel in a direction that is perpendicular to the direction(s) of oscillation of the electric and magnetic fields.
		This parameter is often expressed as the ratio in decibels of the power incident on the antenna terminal to the power reflected from the terminal at a particular frequency or band of frequencies.
		It is a ratio of the maximum to minimum amplitude (or the voltage or current) of the corresponding field components appearing on a line that feeds an antenna.
	www.skycross.com /terminology.asp (1378 words)

	Standing wave ratio measurement instrument - Patent 4110685
		The voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), a generally employed indication of the quality of the impedance match, is defined by the expression VSWR = (1 +.rho.)/(1 -.rho.).
		Voltages E.sub.f and E.sub.r are applied to analog circuitry for generation of a voltage or current that is directly proportional to a parameter known as return loss (RL.sub.dB).
		The output of log amplifier 14 is a voltage proportional to the logarithm of the voltage E.sub.r.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4110685.html (2251 words)

	Brushing Up on VSWR
		VSWR, or voltage standing wave ratio, is a measure of how well the components of the RF network are matched in impedance.
		Textbook VSWR VSWR is defined as the ratio of the maximum voltage to the minimum voltage in the standing wave.
		The larger the impedance mismatch, the larger the amplitude of the standing wave.
	bg.wirelessreview.com /ar/wireless_brushing_vswr (1224 words)

	Transmission Line Concepts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		For example, an antenna with a VSWR of 2:1 would have a reflection coefficient of 0.333, a mismatch loss of 0.51 dB, and a return loss of 9.54 dB (11% of your transmitter power is reflected back).
		From the ratio of the maximum to minimum voltage, the reflection coefficient and terminating impedance could be calculated.
		VSWR and zero dB return loss even though there is a 180° phase difference between the reflection coefficients.
	www.qsl.net /ab4oj/atu/vswr.html (632 words)

	standing-wave ratio - a Whatis.com definition - see also: SWR, VWSR, IWSR (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Standing-wave ratio (SWR) is a mathematical expression of the non-uniformity of an electromagnetic field (EM field) on a transmission line such as coaxial cable.
		Under ideal conditions, the RF voltage on a signal transmission line is the same at all points on the line, neglecting power losses caused by electrical resistance in the line wires and imperfections in the dielectric material separating the line conductors.
		The SWR is the ratio of the RF voltage at a loop to the RF voltage at a node, or the ratio of the RF current at a loop to the RF current at a node.
	whatis.techtarget.com /definition/0,,sid9_gci852555,00.html (803 words)

	Standing Wave Ratio
		The lower the number ratio is, the better the match between the antenna and the transmitter for transmitting RF signals.
		To achieve a perfect standing wave ratio of 1:1 would mean that we have succeeded in tuning out all other impedances and that the antenna is matched perfectly to the transmitted frequency.
		These waves, which travel from a transmitter to the end of the antenna, are the incident waves.
	www.tpub.com /inch/26.htm (1006 words)

	How is your VSWR?
		VSWR facts of life A transmission line is considered to be a long series of inductances with parallel capacitors (as shown in Figure 1).
		The voltage standing wave ratio is the ratio of V subscript max/V subscript min, measured at these points.
		The voltage developed on this wire is rectified and passed to a DC voltmeter, which is calibrated in terms of VSWR ratios.
	beradio.com /departments/radio_vswr (1148 words)

	Voltage Standing-Wave Ratio
		of the voltage, the ratio of the square of the maximum
		This ratio is the same as that for voltages.
		detect standing waves react to the square of the
	www.tpub.com /content/et/14092/css/14092_62.htm (352 words)

	RadioCalc - Glossary
		The gain of receiving antenna is defined by the ratio : g = P'e/Pe Pe = power transmitted by tested antenna generating the same received power in the measuring antenna as the power transmitted by the reference antenna with Pe.
		Is the ratio of power in the termination resistance (generally 50 Ohms) to the power density of the incident wave.
		is a measure in dB of the ratio of the incident wave to the reflected wave.
	www.adream.fr /radiocalc/converter/glossary.html (493 words)

	Voltage standing-wave ratio measurement apparatus and use in a cellular communications system - US Patent 6625428 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The voltages from the programmable amplifiers 111 and 113 are fed to the Schmitt trigger 115 and at the point where the dc volt age produced from the reflected power exceeds that produced from the forward power, the output of the trigger will change state.
		This excellently facilitates locating the VSWR measurement means at a connection to an antenna by integrating the VSWR measurement means in the same enclosure as the antenna.
		In the present embodiment, the codes are held at the VSWR measurement means in the form of dual in line switches, interfacing it to the processor 121, that can be set to a specific code at the time of installation.
	www.patentstorm.us /patents/6625428.html (2658 words)

	Different types of antenna system used by ham radio operators (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The antenna is fed in the centre by a coaxial cable having a characteristics impedance of 50 Ohms or 75 Ohms.
		wave dipole antenna is that the radiation intensity is proportional to the square of the current in the antenna, and in the dipole current is maximum at the middle; hence the maximum radiation line passes through the middle of the antenna perpendicularly.
		The SWR is also equal to the ratio of the characteristic impedance of the transmission line to the impedance of the antenna (load), or vice versa.
	www.vigyanprasar.com /ham/aerials.htm (1725 words)

	Model 83550 Instruction Manual - Section 1 - General Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		As RF is applied to a transmission line, there is a forward wave traveling from the transmitter to the load, and a reflected wave traveling from the load to the transmitter.
		VSWR is an index of the magnitude of the mismatch between the power source and the load.
		Voltages proportional to the RF power in the main line are therefore induced in the element's circuitry.
	www.coaxial.com /manuals/83550/section1.htm (657 words)

	REFLECTIONS AND STANDING WAVE RATIO
		The reflected wave travels in the opposite direction and the voltage and current at the input to the line are the sum of the two oppositely directed waves.
		The blue wave is the forward traveling wave, moving from the source on the left to a open circuit on the right.
		The ratio of the maximum to minimum value is known as the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) or standing wave ratio (SWR).
	www.ycars.org /EFRA/Module%20C/TLSWR.htm (932 words)

	Understanding SWR (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The ratio of voltage across the line at the high-E points to that of the low-E points is known as the "Voltage Standing Wave Ratio", or VSWR.
		The SWR is also the ratio of the current values at the high and low points on the line.
		...If standing waves appear on an antenna transmission line that should be flat, it is necessary either to change the transmission line impedance until it matches the antenna or to change the antenna impedance until it matches the line.
	www.firecommunications.com /vswr.shtml (232 words)

	VSWR
		In this case the VSWR will be 1:1 and the voltage and current will be constant over the whole length of the feedline.
		Consequently, VSWR measurements on coax are usually made at the transmitter end of the feedline.
		But let's assume that your VSWR measurement at the feedline is reasonably close to what is actually occurring on the feed line, and that your feedline losses are not great.
	www.antennex.com /preview/vswr.htm (2768 words)

	Wideband Standing Wave Ratio (SWR) meter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Such an impedance stating means that the cable is naturally suited to carry a ratio of voltage to current according to this impedance - for example, a 50 Ohm coaxial cable should carry 1A for every 50V applied to it, and the phase of voltage and current should be the same.
		The two samples (both converted to small RF voltages) are combined in proper phase relation and amplitude using a bridge circuit, and then rectified, the result being two DC voltages proportional to the amplitudes of direct and reflected waves on the transmission line.
		As the voltage at D2's anode is still 2.5V at phase zero, the angular compounding produces another 2.5 V across D2, phase-lagging by 90 degrees.
	www.hills2.u-net.com /html/radio/myswr.htm (2810 words)

	Slotted Line Measurements - Microwave Encyclopedia - Microwaves101.com
		It will help you understand why microwave engineers use voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) as a requirement, even though a "more modern" way to measure impedance mismatches is to measure S-parameters using a network analyzer.
		The ratio of the peak voltage to the valley voltage was the most directly calculated piece of data you can get with a slotted line...
		Using a slotted line, you could also measure an unknown frequency by measuring the distance between the voltage peaks and noting that the distance is 1/2 wavelength.
	www.microwaves101.com /encyclopedia/slottedline.cfm (481 words)

	Application Note: Reflected Power Measurements (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Because these measurements correlated to the standing waves on the line as theorized by James Clerk Maxwell, this ratio was defined as the voltage standing wave ratio.
		Most bridges that are calibrated in SWR have a voltage ratio on top of the scale and a power percentage on the bottom.
		If, for example, the initial voltage with the bridge open or shorted is 1V and the voltage with the bridge connected to the DUT is 0.5V, the measurement represents a reflection coefficient of 0.5.
	www.eagle-1st.com /notes/RPM/body.htm (920 words)

	Manhattan/CDT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Voltage Drop -- The amount of voltage loss from original input to point of electrical device.
		Voltage Rating -- The highest voltage that may be continuously applied to a wire in conformance with standards or specifications.
		Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) -- The ratio of the maximum effective voltage to the minimum effective voltage measured along the length of a mismatched radio frequency transmission line.
	www.manhattancdt.com /glossaryv.htm (247 words)

	Method and apparatus for determining and directly measuring the voltage standing wave ratio of an RF transmission ...
		The ratio is multiplied by the absolute value of the measured instantaneous forward RF voltage, giving a predicted value for the actual reflected voltage.
		It is therefore desirable to have a system whereby the standing wave ratio of an RF transmission may be monitored, without constant correction for variation.
		The VSWR value is determined by selecting a predicted or predetermined VSWR and looking up the ratio of the absolute value of the reflected voltage to the absolute value of forward voltage for the predetermined VSWR.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4584650.html (2916 words)

	Smart antenna connect mechanism to achieve signal integrity without affecting voltage standing wave ratio - US Patent ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The detachable antenna 110 can be of a length between 1/2+L wave and 1/4+L wave, and yet function like a 1/2+L wave due to the length of the circuitry within the wireless communications device 120.
		Once the signal clip 2200 is installed and assembled into the housing, the signal clip 2200 maintains signal integrity without influencing the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR).
		The voltage standing wave ratio is defined as output power divided by reflected power, where the output power plus the reflected power equals unity.
	www.patentstorm.us /patents/6317085.html (8057 words)

	Distributed amplifier having improved D.C. biasing and voltage standing wave ratio performance - Patent 4864250
		In addition to the disadvantages of the prior art schemes involving off-chip DC biasing, is the concern of improving the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of the distributed amplifier, while maintaining the desired frequency bandwidth.
		It is further an object of the present invention to provide an amplifier having improved voltage standing wave ratio performance without adversely effecting the cut off frequency response of the amplifier.
		The characteristic impedance of the spiral inductors is also matched to the standard 50 ohm impedance by adjusting the inductance of the respective connecting lines Z.sub.g1 and Z.sub.d6 such that the value of the inductance of the respective connecting lines divided by the value of the shunt capacitance of the respective spiral inductors equals 2500.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4864250.html (4008 words)

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