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Topic: Voltairine de Cleyre

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	Social Anarchism/No Authority But Oneself
		Voltairine's fierce advocacy of individual autonomy, "the freedom to control her own person," was the cornerstone of her denunciation of marriage, an institution that she saw as crippling to the growth of the free individual.
		Voltairine herself had personal experiences with this unwillingness on the part of some men to apply libertarian principles to home life, struggling with lovers in her life who were unwilling to treat her as an equal and ultimately rejecting them.
		The recognition that the State is the enemy of women is the political legacy of Voltairine de Cleyre and the questioning of the authority relationship in traditional marriage and the insistence on individual autonomy of women is her social and psychological legacy.
	library.nothingness.org /articles/SA/en/display/338 (3731 words)

	Voltairine de Cleyre - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		De Cleyre was known as an excellent speaker and writer — in the opinion of Paul Avrich, her biographer, she was "a greater literary talent than any other American anarchist" — and as a tireless advocate for the anarchist cause, whose "religious zeal," according to Goldman, "stamped everything she did....
		Voltairine de Cleyre was esteemed by Emma Goldman and wrote an essay in her defense.
		Voltairine de Cleyre was close to and inspired by Dyer D. Lum, "her teacher, her confidant, her comrade".
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Voltairine_de_Cleyre (976 words)

	Voltairine de Cleyre: Anarchist without Adjectives
		Voltairine de Cleyre was born to a poor family and was sent off to a convent at age 13 to be educated.
		De Cleyre wrote that "all methods are to individual capacity and decision," i.e., that we should use our own skills to do what we are good at, and choose methods that we are comfortable with.
		I do not agree with de Cleyre in all particulars, but her argument for tolerance is an important one for those with radical views who often spend more time arguing with their friends than criticizing the enemies of liberty.
	dwardmac.pitzer.edu /Anarchist_Archives/bright/cleyre/ts205.html (1298 words)

	Voltairine de Cleyre - a biographical sketch - By Chris Crass
		Voltairine de Cleyre was born on November 17, 1866 in Leslie, Michigan.
		Voltairine de Cleyre, and other anarchists, made reference to the horrors of slavery and the dispossessing of land from the indigenous population, but, in general, these history shaping factors were not included in the shaping of anarchist theories and struggles at the turn of the century.
		Voltairine was critical of the suffragists and argued for the abolition of capitalism and hierarchical relationships, but she nevertheless thought in terms of white society.
	www.lucyparsonsproject.org /anarchism/chrispy_voltairine.html (7336 words)

	Voltairine de Cleyre: Feminist and Egoist (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Voltairine de Cleyre is one of the most unjustly neglected figures of American radicalism.
		Voltairine de Cleyre began her public life as a lecturer in the freethought movement.
		Nonetheless, despite her recognition of the value of egocentricity, Voltairine de Cleyre remained haunted to the end of her life by a religious concern for the sacredness of principles, the notion that one has to serve a "cause" greater than oneself.
	recollectionbooks.com /bleed/Encyclopedia/Decleyre/decleyreParker.htm (613 words)

	The Infidels - Voltairine de Cleyre
		Voltairine de Cleyre was, according to Emma Goldman, "the most gifted and brilliant anarchist woman America ever produced"; yet even among anarchists today, she is largely unknown.
		De Cleyre was known as an excellent speaker and writer — in the opinion of Paul Avrich, her biographer, she was "a greater literary talent than any other American anarchist" —; and as a tireless advocate for the anarchist cause, whose "religious zeal," according to Goldman, "stamped everything she did....
		Voltairine de Cleyre was esteemed by Emma Goldman and wrote an essay in her defense.
	www.theinfidels.org /zunb-decleyre.htm (985 words)

	Voltairine de Cleyre, the Anarchist Tradition and the Political Challenge By Chris Crass
		Looking at the ideas and life of Voltairine de Cleyre provides a first hand look at the anarchist movement at the turn of the century and her politics encompassed many of the important traditions that led to the development of anarchist thought and movement in the United States.
		Voltairine argued that there positive contributions to be learned from each, and that anarchists had to unite around their common anti-authoritarianism and allow room for experimentation with economic ideas and methods of agitation and organizing.
		Voltairine de Cleyre was influenced by Tucker and the individualists early in her political development.
	www.spunk.org /texts/writers/decleyre/sp001859.html (3128 words)

	voltairine de cleyre, extreme virtue
		De Cleyre is an almost forgotten figure, but she committed her life to a vision of human liberation, a vision which encompassed even the man who tried to kill her.
		But for De Cleyre, the origin of a social liberation had to be a personal transformation: for her, ultimately, the liberation of a people had to proceed through a liberation of each person, and the primordial scene of enslavement and freedom was within the human self.
		De Cleyre was certainly a spirit willing to dare and suffer, and though she lived in want and pain, she spoke and wrote with a courage that was total.
	www.crispinsartwell.com /voltai2.htm (6048 words)

	COSMIC BASEBALL ASSOCIATION Voltairine de Cleyre Season 2001 Cosmic Player Plate
		Voltairine de Claire (she later changed it to de Cleyre but no one seems to know why) was born in the rural Michigan town of Leslie on November 17, 1866.
		But as one commentator suggests his eventual rejection of her was devastating and contributed "to Voltairine's depression, feelings of isolation, and the development of her feminist thought on male and female relationships and the position of women in society as sex objects." (Sharon Presley).
		De Cleyre lived during a time when the agrarian culture of the country was being dramatically transformed by the science and technology of the Industrial Revolution.
	www.cosmicbaseball.com /decleyre01.html (1333 words)

	De Cleyre
		When Voltairine kept her prose short and too the point it makes for reasonable reading, but all too often she takes off into a highly melodramatic and histrionic mode which culminates in the appalling "Drama of the Nineteenth Century" which buries the subject matter in a torrent of imagery and overblown rhetoric.
		Equally claims that de Cleyre was one of the most important anarchist thinkers seem misplaced.
		Lum, committed suicide and de Cleyre attempted to follow suit several times) and a general Gothic sensibility of the times is fair enough, but (although I claim no expertise as a psychiatrist) a general diagnosis of "manic-depression" would not seem far from the mark.
	myweb.tiscali.co.uk /blackchip/de_cleyre.htm (641 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		For Voltairine, whetherin society, the workplace or in the home, the "freedom to control her own person" has to be wrested from authority whether it was exercised the state, bosses or by men.
		Voltairine's movement away from individualist anarchism is understandable=2E Given her wholesale opposition to hierarchy it would be strange that she would exclude wage slavery from her attacks.
		The editors of ER stress that Voltairine's relevance for today includes her "radical insistence on the inherently authoritarian nature of the Church and the State and their joint role in oppressing women." Yet you would have to be seriously ideologically blindto ignore the fact that she also saw capitalism as being inherently authoritarian.
	flag.blackened.net /revolt/anarchism/writers/anarcho/women/voltairine.html (9858 words)

	Voltairine de Cleyre: Feminist and Egoist
		Voltairine de Cleyre is one of the most unjustly neglected figures of American radicalism.
		Voltairine de Cleyre began her public life as a lecturer in the freethought movement.
		Nonetheless, despite her recognition of the value of egocentricity, Voltairine de Cleyre remained haunted to the end of her life by a religious concern for the sacredness of principles, the notion that one has to serve a "cause" greater than oneself.
	tmh.floonet.net /articles/decleyre.html (613 words)

	Loving Freedom, A Book Review
		Anarchism De Cleyre defines anarchism as follows: "freedom to the soul as to the body, in every aspiration, every growth." She advocates a system in which natural resources are free to all and the worker produces enough for his vital needs.
		Despite de Cleyre's prose, which can be difficult at times, her ideas come through and are still relevant, and well worth the effort.
		De Cleyre often refers to matters which were well-known to her contemporaries, but are forgotten today.
	www.banned-books.com /truth-seeker/1995archive/122_4/20lovefree.html (1500 words)

	[No title]
		The real biography of Voltairine de Cleyre is to be found in the letters she wrote to her comrades, friends and admires, for like many other women in public life, she was a voluminous writer.
		Voltairine de Cleyre was born on November 17, 1866, in the town of Leslie, Michigan.
		When in 1886 the bomb fell in the Haymarket Square, and the Anarchists were arrested, Voltairine de Cleyre, who at that time was a free thought lecturer, shouted: "They ought to be hanged!" They were hanged, and now her body rests in Waldheim Cemetery, near the grave of those martyrs.
	www.eccentrix.com /members/redalert/library/decleyre.html (3470 words)

	American Experience \| Emma Goldman \| People & Events \| PBS
		At the convent de Cleyre wrote, "I have seen bright intellects, intellects which might have been brilliant stars in the galaxies of genius, loaded down with chains, made abject, prostrate nonentities." At the age of nineteen, she emerged as a crusading atheist.
		De Cleyre based her operations from 1889 to 1910 in Philadelphia, where she lived among poor Jewish immigrants, who made up the major constituency of anarchists in the U.S. There, she taught English and music, and she learned to speak and write in Yiddish.
		De Cleyre's work soon went out of print and she was rarely cited.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/amex/goldman/peopleevents/p_decleyre.html (701 words)

	[No title]
		For Voltairine, whetherin society, the workplace or in the home, the "freedom to control her own person" has to be wrested from authority whether it was exercised the state, bosses or by men.
		Voltairine's movement away from individualist anarchism is understandable=2E Given her wholesale opposition to hierarchy it would be strange that she would exclude wage slavery from her attacks.
		The editors of ER stress that Voltairine's relevance for today includes her "radical insistence on the inherently authoritarian nature of the Church and the State and their joint role in oppressing women." Yet you would have to be seriously ideologically blindto ignore the fact that she also saw capitalism as being inherently authoritarian.
	struggle.ws /anarchism/writers/anarcho/women/voltairine.html (9858 words)

	New & Recent Books: The Ecumenical Spirit and the Libertarian Movement » Rational Review
		The execution horrified Voltairine de Cleyre — the more so because she herself, not yet converted to the anarchist cause at the time the original bombing took place, had called for just that fate to be imposed on the suspects in the case.
		De Cleyre sometimes claimed to be unable to work as a result of her ill health, but most of the time, she labored on despite it all.
		It is difficult to escape the impression that de Cleyre was a classic neurotic and that her ill health was psychosomatic in origin — an expression, like her bottomless guilt, her need to do penance, and her spartan self-denial, of a deeply troubled and unhappy personality.
	www.rationalreview.com /content/12006 (5670 words)

	Freethought of the Day
		On this date in 1866, freethinker and anarchist Voltairine de Cleyre was born in Leslie, Michigan, the dainty baby daughter of French immigrant Hector De Claire and Harriet Billings.
		By 19, Voltairine declared herself a freethinker, marking the moment with a poem and pledging to "consecrate my service to the world!" In 1886, she became editor of The Progressive Age, in Grand Rapids, Michigan, and changed the spelling of her last name.
		Voltairine even raised defense funds for the perpetrator, whom she called "the product of a diseased brain." In an eloquent essay, she decried punishment and imprisonment for its own sake, holding Christianity accountable for a "new class of imbruted men." ("Crime and Punishment," 1903).
	www.ffrf.org /day/?sel=1&day=17&month=11 (606 words)

	Emma Goldman's Published Essays and Pamphlets: Voltairine De Cleyre
		Voltairine de Cleyre was born in Nov. 17, 1866, in the town of Leslie, Michigan.
		Voltairine de Cleyre was unusually gifted: as poet, writer, lecturer and linguist, she could have easily gained for herself a high position in her country and the renown it implies.
		However, Voltairine did not believe in "art for art's sake." To her art was the means and the vehicle to voice life in its ebb and flow, in all its stern aspects for those who toil and suffer, who dream of freedom and dedicate their lives to its achievement.
	sunsite.berkeley.edu /Goldman/Writings/Essays/voltairine.html (6761 words)

	Cleyre
		Voltairine's political stance in the anarchist spectrum was no less complicated than her other views and even less well understood.
		Probably Voltairine's best-known intellectual contribution is the often-reprinted essay "Anarchism and American Traditions," in which she shows how the ideas of anarchism follow naturally from the premises on which the American Revolution was based.
		The photos of Voltairine included in Avrich's biography testify to the truth of these views — pictured is a delicate woman with soft, mysterious beauty that is a sharp contrast to Emma's earthy robustness.
	www.alf.org /papers/DeCleyre.shtml (2000 words)

	[Al] [Fwd: New Book on Voltairine de Cleyre] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Their commentaries place de Cleyre in her sociohistorical context, framing her original and often provocative writings in a manner that makes them even more cogent." — Howard J. Ehrlich, editor of "Social Anarchism" "'Exquisite Rebel' is a remarkable collection of essays by a woman who deserves a place of pride in American Letters.
		Voltairine de Cleyre, an anarchist without adjectives, understood that the essence of anarchism -- -- the "spirit of individuality" -- has roots deep in American political thought.
		Even those who disagree with her political ideas will appreciate De Cleyre's keen insights into the psychology of freedom, as well her understanding that voluntary social arrangements are the only lasting solution to human diversity.
	www.anarchistlibrary.org /pipermail/al/2005-January/000060.html (456 words)

	Eugenia C. DeLamotte: Gates of Freedom, University of Michigan Press
		A contemporary of Emma Goldman -- who called her "the most gifted and brilliant anarchist woman America ever produced" -- de Cleyre was a significant force in a major social movement that sought to transform American society and culture at its root.
		Gates of Freedom considers de Cleyre's speeches, letters, and essays, including her most well known essay, "Sex Slavery." Part I brings current critical concerns to bear on de Cleyre's writings, exploring her contributions to the anarchist movement, her analyses of justice and violence, and her views on women, sexuality, and the body.
		Eugenia DeLamotte demonstrates both de Cleyre's literary significance and the importance of her work to feminist theory, women's studies, literary and cultural studies, U.S. history, and contemporary social and cultural analysis.
	www.press.umich.edu /titleDetailDesc.do?id=11482 (289 words)

	SUNY Press :: Exquisite Rebel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Emma Goldman called Voltairine de Cleyre "the most gifted and brilliant anarchist woman America ever produced." Yet her writings and speeches on anarchism and feminism—as radical, passionate, and popular at the time as Goldman's—are virtually unknown today.
		In today's world of anti-globalization actions, de Cleyre's anarchist ideals of local self-rule, individual conscience, and decentralization of power still remain fresh and relevant.
		Voltairine de Cleyre (1866–1912) was one of the most original and important anarchist intellectuals of her time.
	www.sunypress.edu /details.asp?id=60934 (501 words)

	TransformOnline : Culture : Reviews : "The Voltairine de Cleyre Reader" (AK Press)
		What struck me as odd is that, while not a clearly cut "feminist," Voltairine de Cleyre had enough charisma (not too mention persuasiveness) to be name-dropped by that movement… yet none of my feminist friends had ever mentioned her.
		This is important because her views on anarchism are described as "anarchism without adjectives," and the almost 20 years of writings represented here, de Cleyre never falters from this discipline.
		De Cleyre was an avid traveler and spreader of the word, so many names appear that I did not recognize and had a hard time finding online.
	www.transformonline.com /culture/reviews/003502.php (573 words)

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