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Topic: Volume rendering

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	Volume rendering techniques
		Volume rendering techniques have been developed to overcome problems of the accurate representation of surfaces in the isosurface techniques.
		Volume rendering involves the following steps: the forming of an RGBA volume from the data, reconstruction of a continuous function from this discrete data set, and projecting it onto the 2D viewing plane (the output image) from the desired point of view.
		A big advantage of volume rendering is that this interior information is not thrown away, so that it enables one to look at the 3D data set as a whole.
	www.cc.gatech.edu /scivis/tutorial/linked/volrend.html (695 words)

	MERL – Real-Time Volume Rendering
		Volume rendering is a key technology for the interpretation of the large amounts of 3D scalar data generated by acquisition devices such as biomedical scanners or by supercomputer simulations.
		Similarly, the special needs of volume rendering, where an image must be computed rapidly and repeatedly from a volume dataset, lends itself to the development of special-purpose volume rendering architectures.
		Volume rendering hardware may also be used to directly view changes of the 3D data over time for 4D (spatial-temporal) visualization, such as in real-time 3D ultrasonography, micro-tomography, or confocal microscopy.
	www.merl.com /projects/render (625 words)

	Volume rendering - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Volume rendering is a technique used to display a 2D projection of a 3D discretely sampled data set.
		Volume rendered CT scan of a forearm with different colour schemes for muscle, fat, bone, and blood.
		A volume may be viewed by extracting surfaces of equal values from the volume and rendering them as polygonal meshes or by rendering the volume directly as a block of data.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Volume_rendering (1087 words)

	Volume Rendering in AVS5
		Volume rendering is the creation of images directly from three-dimensional arrays of data without converting to an intermediate, polygon-based data format.
		In general, volume rendering can be performed more quickly than traditional polygon rendering (approaching 750,000 voxels per second for most software-based renderers) but has the reputation for being somewhat slower since the data sets tend to be Megabytes to tens of Megabytes in size.
		A session involving volume rendering should be a process of refinement: start off with the data set decimated to a low resolution and the output window fairly small.
	help.avs.com /AVS5/papers/volviz.asp (1616 words)

	Volume Graphics - About Voxels
		Volume rendering, or more generally spoken volume graphics, is a sub-specialty of 3D computer graphics which is concerned with the discrete representation and visualization of objects represented as sampled data in three or more dimensions.
		Volume graphics or volume rendering has inherent advantages for applications needing visualization of irregular objects, or where the interior structure is important, or where high level of details and realism is essential - e.g., representations of the human body.
		Volume graphics visualization today is superior to polygon based 3D graphics in means of image quality and performance when highly complex objects with finest details have to be visualized.
	www.volumegraphics.com /solutions/voxels.html (237 words)

	CT angiography technical aspects (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Volume rendering is well suited to a wide range of medical and nonmedical visualization tasks due to its flexibility: data can be displayed with varying levels of opacity, surface shading, and perspective depending on the demands of each specific task.
		Volume rendering was unique in that it was applicable to a wide range applications including seismic data display, wind tunnel testing, and medical imaging.
		Volume rendering has been shown to be superior to surface rendering for such musculoskeletal applications as the detection of fracture gaps20.
	www.ctisus.org /angioatlas/syllabus/techniques_CT_ANGIO.html (5279 words)

	Direct Volume Rendering
		One emerging technique is volume rendering, a method for producing an image from a 3D array of sampled scalar data.
		The input to a volume rendering algorithm is a 3D array of scalars (as opposed to vectors which have a directional component).
		Volume rendering is an approximate simulation of the propagation of light through a participating medium represented by the volume.
	www.ifp.uiuc.edu /~yuhuang/volumerender.html (1252 words)

	Volume rendering (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Volume rendering is the representation, visualization, and manipulation of objects represented as sampled data in three or more dimensions.
		For many volume rendering technologies, a "large" volume is one gigabyte (10243).
		The user perceives that any portion of the volume can be displayed immediately, the volume can be navigated smoothly at all times, slices and probes are responsive at all times and image quality is automatically managed to the best possible level.
	www.tgs.com /pro_div/vol_render_overview.htm (851 words)

	ParVis - Parallel volume rendering
		Volume rendering is the process of generating an image directly from the volume data without the generation of an intermediate geometric model.
		Typically this is done by mapping the data values in the volume to the color and opacity of an imaginary semi-transparent material, and then rendering an image of this material.
		Cap_vol is a parallel implementation of the volume rendering technique for the Fujitsu AP1000, while vol is a serial implementation for a standard SUN workstation.
	cap.anu.edu.au /cap/projects/parvis/vol/vol.html (1008 words)

	Innovative Volume Rendering Silicon Valley ACM Siggraph
		A parallel algorithm is desired because of the large amount of computation required in the volume rendering process.
		For each pixel in the final image, the renderer shoots rays from the pixel into the volume data and intersects that ray with each data point until either the ray exits the volume or the opacity accumulates enough density to become opaque.
		Texture mapping which maps from object space to texture space is used for backward mapping in volume rendering which maps from image space to volume space.
	silicon-valley.siggraph.org /MeetingNotes/VolumeRendering.html (633 words)

	Volume Rendering
		The standard method used for full volume rendering is to approximate the light transport method using Riemann sums and Taylor series expansion to derive the well-known compositing equation by Porter and Duff.
		The standard method used for full volume rendering can be used to simulate a surface quality by limiting the opacity transfer function within a small area.
		Below we render a test using isosurface volume rendering mode with two distant lights (one green light from upper front left and one red light from lower back right).
	woodall.ncsa.uiuc.edu /dbock/Vis/Research (3182 words)

	HP Labs : Research : MMSL : Projects : 3D Graphics : Volume Rendering
		This is due to the fact that traditional volume rendering requires sampling in 3 dimensions, whereas here only sample a two dimensional slab in frequency space.
		The image shown is a rendering of a recovered model from a novel viewpoint.
		At right is a rendering of several veins in a liver, imaged with a HP Sonos 1500.
	www.hpl.hp.com /research/mmsl/projects/graphics/volume.html (841 words)

	Real-Time Volume Graphics
		In addition to the traditional application of rendering volume data in scientific visualization, the interest in applying these techniques for real-time rendering of atmospheric phenomena and participating media such as fire, smoke, and clouds is growing rapidly.
		His PhD thesis is titled "volume rendering techniques for general purpose graphics hardware" and is currently nominated for the dissertation award of the computer science department in Erlangen.
		The volume rendering software OpenQVis that he started as a research project is now open source and has recently won a software innovation award from the german government.
	www.vrvis.at /via/resources/course-volgraphics-2004 (2153 words)

	Volume Rendering
		Volume Rendering is used to render an 3D image which had been acquired as a set of 'slices' through a given volume.
		Getting down to numbers, by removing a lot of rotations and interpolation computations in the "face" view of the image, the rendering time was dropped from 48 seconds to 12 seconds, which is a close candidate for real time (all times are provided for a 200x200 sized image).
		The renderer has been engineered with save routines that produce graphics files that can be processed by the culling software written by Tom Kang and Josh Seims for their Design Gallery program.
	www.sonic.net /~surdules/projects/volume_rendering/index.html (1419 words)

	Volume Rendering With Ray Casting
		The term volume rendering is used to describe techniques which allow the visualization of three-dimensional data.
		Volume rendering is a technique for visualizing sampled functions of three spatial dimensions by computing 2-D projections of a colored semitransparent volume.
		Currently, most volume rendering that uses ray casting is based on the Blinn/Kajiya model.
	web.cs.wpi.edu /~matt/courses/cs563/talks/powwie/p1/ray-cast.htm (2349 words)

	Volume Rendering (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Volume rendering is a technique for displaying a 3-dimensional field as a semi-transparent colored fog.
		Though volume renderings of some physical variables don't look, others can be displayed very effectively with the right color mapping.
		When a volume rendering is activated a pop- up window with a color table appears.
	vis5d.sourceforge.net /doc/ch06sec7.html (284 words)

	volume-rendering using programmable hardware
		This is done because the volume is rendered according to the view direction and we need to do 2D texture mapping of slices according to the viewing direction.
		Volume slices are created for each axis X,Y and Z. So for each axis 128 textures are created.
		Gradient of the volume is calculated by using the central difference method.
	www.cse.ohio-state.edu /~rayt/788-shen-lab2/volume-rendering.html (769 words)

	Paper Title: Accelerated Volume Ray Casting
		Previous accelerated volume rendering techniques have used auxiliary hierarchical datastructures to skip empty and homogeneous regions.
		Although volume data is immense, there are many special coherency factors inherent to volume data which make these elevated rendering goals tempting.
		Early accelerated volume rendering techniques used hierarchical data structures such as K-d trees [12] and octrees [10,11] to quickly traverse empty regions of the volume data, thus reducing the number of samples needed to construct an image.
	home.pacbell.net /freundj/volume/vis97/index.html (3949 words)

	The VolPack Volume Rendering Library
		Developed as part of our volume rendering research project, the library is based on a new family of fast volume rendering algorithms (see
		Renders data sampled on a regular, three-dimensional grid.
		Some volume rendering datasets are available in the Stanford volume data archive.
	www-graphics.stanford.edu /software/volpack (602 words)

	Volume rendering
		Volume rendering is a technique for directly displaying a sampled 3D scalar field without first fitting geometric primitives to the samples.
		The first is a project to incorporate volume rendering into the Stanford Real-Time Programmable Shading Language and to build a parallelized volume renderer for our 32-processor PC cluster.
		Miscellaneous (mostly old) volume renderings made by Marc Levoy.
	graphics.stanford.edu /projects/volume (288 words)

	EETimes.com - Volume rendering adds realistic layers to 3-D graphics
		Observers said volume rendering is now being used in games in some instances, such as rendering a rocket blast.
		The pockets of specialized fields that use volume rendering heavily — such as geophysical surveys for oil and gas exploration — rely largely on the CPU to process the load, a painfully slow method.
		SGI, meanwhile, argues that volume rendering should mesh with today's polygon-based rendering and that both can be handled by upgrading workstations to include hardware 3-D texture mapping.
	www.eetimes.com /story/OEG19990310S0017 (1318 words)

	Volume Viewer
		Slice and Borders: A slice through the volume generated using trilinear interpolation, in addition the borders of the volume stack are displayed.
		Volume Dots: Voxels are shown according to their distance, no interpolationis performed (quality is poor).
		The position of the volume may be changed by pressing the SHIFT-key and dragging the mouse.
	rsb.info.nih.gov /ij/plugins/volume-viewer.html (410 words)

	Volume Rendering in Java - render
		Renders two images suitable for stereo viewing on screen or on slides.
		I wrote a real-time volume renderer that is really fast, but while I decide whether to patent the algorithm, or better yet, write an article or a book, I will keep it from the general public for the moment.
		VolumeJ is used in many college and graduate courses, including Advanced Topics in Volume Visualization Course (ECS276) at the University of California (Davis).
	bij.isi.uu.nl /vr.htm (1062 words)

	Rendering (computer graphics) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Rendering has uses in computer and video games, simulators, movie or TV special effects, and design visualisation, each employing a different balance of features and techniques.
		Rendering for movies often takes place on a network of tightly connected computers known as a render farm.
		Rendering research is concerned with both the adaptation of scientific models and their efficient application.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Computer_rendering (3309 words)

	volume_render
		In both cases, when the volume modes are available, mixed rendering of volumes and geometries is supported.
		Inherit means that the volume rendering mode is inherited from a parent Graphics Display Kit object.
		In Volume rendering datamaps however, the minimum and maximum are set according to the input data type.
	help.avs.com /Express/doc/help_63/reference/dvmac/volume_render.html (1027 words)

	Volume Rendering
		The majority of work in volume rendering occurs in the biomedical domain, where research is focused on means of effectively visualizing data taken from MRI, CT, PET, and other modalities that produce three dimensional images of the human body.
		In particular, a variant of volume rendering known as direct volume rendering (DVR) has proven very effective in visualizing the boundaries between materials in 3D data sets from multiple domains.
		DVR differs from other volume rendering techniques in that it doesn't rendering polygons, as traditional methods do, but rather takes advantage of advances in graphics hardware (such as programmable shaders) to assign different optical properties such as color and opacity to each individual voxel (3D pixel).
	www.cs.iastate.edu /~andymenz/volume_rendering.htm (305 words)

	Hardware accelerated volume rendering
		Instead of always looking at the whole volume, a smaller subvolume (shown in yellow in the images on the right) can be moved around the whole volumetric dataset (shown in grey on the right).
		The orientation of the planes used is the one that is closest to being perpendicular to the camera view direction, see figure 1 and 2 for examples of two of the three possible plane orientations (grey lines within yellow subcube).
		As the camera passes between the 45 degree edges of the inspection sub volume the planes are swapped and the new texture set computed.
	local.wasp.uwa.edu.au /~pbourke/rendering/glvol (567 words)

	Semi-Automatic Generation of Transfer Functions for Direct Volume Rendering
		Although direct volume rendering is a powerful tool for visualizing complex structures within volume data, the size and complexity of the parameter space controlling the rendering process makes generating an informative rendering challenging.
		We demonstrate that this is possible for a large class of scalar volume data, namely that where the regions of interest are the boundaries between different materials.
		We describe the theoretical importance of the quantities measured by the histogram volume, the implementation issues in its calculation, and a method for semi-automatic transfer function generation through its analysis.
	www.cs.utah.edu /~gk/papers/vv98 (264 words)

	GE Healthcare - Image Gallery - Volume Rendering
		Volume rendering brings a new level of detail to 3D imaging.
		Integrated into the Advantage Workstation family of applications, Volume rendering enables the user to take full advantage of the 3D analysis for further segmentation, ROI isolation, bone Removal, and measurements.
		It is extremely fast and flexible with standard presets for broad anatomy coverage, an unlimited number of user-defined protocols, and full ability to manually manipulate color, opacity, brightness, and to sub-select objects of interest.
	www.gehealthcare.com /usen/ct/clin_app/products/volrendering.html (83 words)

	J3D.ORG - Tutorials - Volume Rendering
		Here is the program and data files for a Java3D Volume Rendering demo.
		The program shows several different volume rendering algorithms and the data files show how these algorithms work on medical and siesmic data.
		Volume Rendering is an intense user of CPU and graphics resources.
	www.j3d.org /tutorials/quick_fix/volume.html (268 words)

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