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Topic: Volvox

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	CELL BIOLOGY: ON VOLVOX
		Volvox is a spherical multicellular green alga, which contains many small biflagellate somatic cells and a few large, non-motile reproductive cells called gonidia, and swims with a characteristic rolling motion.
		Volvox carteri, a much simpler organism, might be the Rosetta Stone that enables researchers to unlock the problem.
		Development of Volvox therefore resembles that of classic models of animal development, such as sea urchins and nematode worms, in that an important differentiating cell division is visibly asymmetric, and the adult configuration is attained by a gastrulation-like event.
	scienceweek.com /2004/sb040924-1.htm (1496 words)

	Volvox - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Volvox is one of the best-known chlorophytes and is the most developed in a series of genera that form spherical colonies.
		Each Volvox is composed of numerous flagellate cells similar to Chlamydomonas, on the order of 1000-3000 in total, interconnected and arranged in a hollow sphere (coenobium).
		Volvox is found in ponds and ditches, and even in shallow puddles.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Volvox (541 words)

	Volvox \| About the Volvox project
		The Volvox network will provide teachers with, for example, authoritative briefings, proven laboratory protocols, classroom activities addressing the social impact of bioscience, accounts of the careers of young scientists and numerous other educational resources to help motivate them and their students.
		In the longer term, Volvox will seek means of becoming self-supporting and in the shorter term we anticipate that it will help to strengthen and provide a collaborative focus for existing bioscience education initiatives throughout Europe.
		Volvox is made up of hundreds of cells living together for mutual benefit.
	www.eurovolvox.org /aboutvolvox.html (842 words)

	OLYMPUS MIC-D Digital Movie Gallery: Volvox (Protists) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Straddling the plant and animal kingdoms, the protist Volvox forms stunning bright green colonial balls in water bodies that are enriched in nitrates.
		Volvox Video #1 - Spherical colonies of bright green Volvox cells rotate in unison; under oblique illumination with a playing time of 32 seconds.
		Volvox Video #2 - A single Volvox colony is seen in more detail, with motion of individual cells probably due to movement of the cells' flagella; under oblique illumination with a playing time of 17 seconds.
	www.mic-d.com /gallery/moviegallery/pondscum/protists/volvox/index.html (485 words)

	Nikon MicroscopyU Movie Gallery: Volvox (Protozoan)
		Volvox Video No. 1 - A Volvox colony with daughter colonies; under oblique illumination with a playing time of 13.1 seconds.
		Volvox is a colonial organism, a semi-transparent hollow sphere about the size of a pinhead, made up of 500 to 60,000 bi-flagellated cells embedded in a gelatinous wall.
		Globally, twenty species of Volvox are known to occur with most species occurring in tropical and subtropical areas.
	www.microscopyu.com /moviegallery/pondscum/protozoa/volvox/index.html (198 words)

	Differention of germinal and somatic cells in Volvox carteri
		Volvox carteri is a spherical alga with a complete division of labor between around 2000 biflagellate somatic cells and 16 asexual reproductive cells (gonidia).
		Volvox carteri, a green alga in the order Volvocales, contains two completely differentiated cell types, small motile somatic cells and large reproductive cells called gonidia, that are set apart from each other during embryogenesis by a series of visibly asymmetric cell divisions.
		In high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere (northward of 50-57° north) only 3 species of Volvox occur, in which the formation of new coenobia (a series of consecutive gonidial divisions) starts with the light period (in the morning), the rate of division is slow and the gonidial divisions are temporarily blocked in darkness.
	www.unbf.ca /vip/database/volvox/Volvox2003.htm (3641 words)

	Olympus MIC-D: Brightfield Gallery - Volvox
		In the division Chlorophyta (green protists), Volvox is a colonial form made up of 500 to 60,000 biflagellated cells embedded in a gelatinous wall.
		Globally, twenty species of Volvox are known to exist, with most species occurring in tropical and subtropical areas.
		Blooms of the chlorophyte occur in "enriched" water bodies or those that are polluted with excess levels of dissolved nitrates and phosphates, and act as an indicator organism.
	www.olympusmicro.com /micd/galleries/brightfield/volvox.html (334 words)

	volvox
		Volvox is a member of the chlorophyceans and consists of anything from 500 to many thousands of cells all linked together and can sometimes reach 0.5mm in diameter so they can easily be seen with the naked eye.
		Asexual reproduction can occur when the Gonidia cells (which are non motile) at the posterior end of the colony start to divide until a certain size is reached, whereupon they are then released into the outside world by inverting themselves through a pore that developed earlier at the eight celled stage.
		This photograph was taken with a X40 phase contrast and shows part of the outer sphere with a daughter cell just to the lower left of the picture.
	www.btinternet.com /~stephen.durr/volvox.html (673 words)

	mulvanynet - Volvox (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Volvox introduced death by natural causes to the world, and all living things that came after that were as complex, or more so, followed suit, and found programmed within them some pace maker, set to expire after they had done their duty on the earth.
		All plants, all animals that sprung from this little algae shared this little death in common with it, and also the other innovation introduced into the vaults of creation by this tumbling capsid, the ability to combine genetic material from two parents to create a truly new individual, the desire to have sex.
		In the dark Volvox keeps rolling on, spawning it's children, suspended in waters, like some tiny sun cast adrift in the intergalactic spaces, the centre of it's own epicycle, it's own birthings and dyings.
	www.mulvany.net /blog/blogentry.2006-06-29.0015079956 (460 words)

	Gene replacement by homologous recombination in the multicellular green alga Volvox carteri -- Hallmann et al. 94 ...
		of the machinery for homologous recombination in Volvox.
		Synchronous Volvox recipients were grown in Volvox medium (20) at 28°C in an 8-h dark/16-h light (10,000 lx) cycle (21).
		the Volvox arylsulfatase gene with its 15 introns.
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/94/14/7469 (4003 words)

	Jumping Jordan Gene
		Volvox is a green alga, so it gets its energy from photosynthesis.
		"Volvox interests biologists because it has only two cell types, somatic or body cells that fulfill their functions and die within five days, and germ cells, which reproduce.
		We're trying to get a big picture of basic cell development with just two cell types as opposed to trying to understand the basics in mammals where as many as 200 different cell types are developing all at once," explained Kirk.
	www.accessexcellence.org /WN/SU/jordan499.html (666 words)

	Volvox: a beautiful microscopic life-form
		A single Volvox colony spins through the dark waters of a pond.
		Stunningly beautiful, Volvox can be attacked and eaten by tiny microscopic animals like Rotifers - creatures which, although almost invisible to the naked eye, are capable of seeking out their prey.
		It is blurred by the speed of its motion through the water as it swoops down - front end, with its gapping mouth, facing downwards towards the bottom of the screen.
	www.microscopy-uk.org.uk /mag/art97b/volvoxms.html (865 words)

	YouTube - Volvox Dances
		Volvox "dances" like this because the flagellum on the outer cells move in a coordinated manner.
		Volvox was once described as "the first multi-cellular plant." Now it is generally thought of as a colony of algae cells that have made a sort of "long-term commitment".
		The dark "balls" inside the Volvox colonies are daughter cells or daughter colonies.
	youtube.com /?v=w8O4OolGcPg (232 words)

	Volvox
		Volvox are colonial flagellates and a very popular organism for classroom observations.
		Volvox is found in ponds and ditches, and even in shallow rain puddles.
		Volvox are readily available from science supply companies.
	www.microscope-microscope.org /applications/pond-critters/protozoans/mastigophora/volvox.htm (136 words)

	Volvox - Cambridge University Press
		The central thesis of this book is that Volvox and its unicellular and colonial relatives provide a wholly unrivalled opportunity to explore the proximate and ultimate causes underlying the evolution, from unicellular ancestors, of multicellular organisms with fully differentiated cell types.
		However, this topic has been put in context by first considering the ecological conditions and cytological preconditions that appear to have fostered the evolution of organisms of progressively increasing size and with progressively increasing tendency to produce terminally differentiated somatic cells.
		Volvox V. Carteri: a Rosetta stone for deciphering the origins of cytodifferentiation; 6.
	www.cambridge.org /catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=0521452074 (384 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The last picture is a low power photograph taken in bright field showing the numerous daughter colonies that are forming.
		Volvox is very motile and usually occurring in large numbers and can be easily seen with the naked eye.
		This photograph was taken with an X40 DIC objective and shows the sperm packets of the Volvox aureus.
	www.btinternet.com /~stephen.durr/volvoxtwo.html (305 words)

	Volvox Engineering Ltd
		All Volvox Generators are designed to run on Straight Vegetable Oil, all the time - no need to start and stop on (fossil) diesel - no need to blend with anything either.
		Volvox has just started testing a prototype and is hoping to be selling them soon.
		The prototype Volvox exhaust gas heat exchanger will be able to pull a further 2.2KW of heat from the exhaust.
	www.volvoxengineering.com (1764 words)

	Freshwater Algae: Colonial. Introduction to colonial algae with photomicrographs.
		The term colonial as used here applies to algae in which cells resembling free-swimming unicells form groups which may be large and elaborately interconnected as in Volvox, or smaller and relatively simple as in Synura.
		A typical Volvox colony is a hollow sphere of mucilage having 500 or more biflagellate algal cells fairly equally spaced around its outer surface.
		The ruptured parent colony will sink to the bottom of the pond, having lost any power of coordinated motion, but the individual flagellate cells will continue to live until they meet their end as a meal for a passing worm or snail.
	www.micrographia.com /specbiol/alg/colo/colo0100.htm (484 words)

	Response to the Sexual Pheromone and Wounding in the Green Alga Volvox: Induction of an Extracellular Glycoprotein ...
		The Volvox HRGP is also found to be inducible by wounding.
		A remarkably rapid remodelling of the ECM is observed under the influence of the sex-inducing pheromone (a glycoprotein) that
		Algae were disrupted by ultrasonic treatment, and the lysates were assayed using 4-nitrocatechol sulfate as a chromogenic substrate (optical density at 515 nm produced in 30 min by 50 algae/ml).
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/274/49/35023 (4328 words)

	3D Cascade \| Volvox: The Amorous Amoeba (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Volvox truly is one of the most inventive little organisms to grace our planet.
		Volvox invented both sexual reproduction and natural death - not a bad effort for a little critter no bigger than a pinhead.
		How volvox might have come to exist in a world of unicellular selfishness is a question that still troubles science.
	www.progex.net /biotheology/volvox.htm (321 words)

	Volvox, one of the seven wonders of the micro-world.
		Volvox, one of the seven wonders of the micro-world.
		Volvox globator may reach a size of 2 millimeters so they can be easily seen with the naked eye.
		Although the colony is bigger, the individual cells of Volvox globator are slightly smaller (4 micron) than the cells of Volvox aureus (5 to 8 micron).
	www.microscopy-uk.org.uk /mag/artdec03/volvox.html (839 words)

	Olympus MIC-D: Darkfield Gallery - Volvox (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		View a high magnification image of a volvox.
		From the point of view of geneticists, the somatic cells are seen as mortal while the germ cells as immortal.
		Although it is comprised of individual protists, Volvox colonies can locomote through freshwater habitats, as they spin smoothly with all the flagella beating in unison.
	www.olympusmicro.com /micd/galleries/darkfield/volvoxlow.html (352 words)

	Volvox (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Volvox is an example of a colnial green algae.
		Unlike most of the colonial green algae that form long filaments, volvox forms large hollowed sphere shaped clusters of cells.
		Many of the cells are equipped with flagella that propel the sphere of cells in the water.
	library.thinkquest.org /10952/flora/volvox.html (146 words)

	Volvox \| NetSquared
		The Volvox project is a new project created in response to the EC call: FP6-2003-Science and Society-5.
		The Volvox site also has an internal electronic mailing list and web-based diary kept by the project's administrator.
		Volvox's licensing procedure is based largely upon Creative Commons, but adds two additional terms similar to those of the BBC's Creative Archive project
	www.netsquared.org /volvox (179 words)

	Welcome to Volvox, Inc.
		The living organism, VOLVOX, is a natural system, one of the earliest forms of collaborative life, a community of independent cells that choose cooperation to sustain life.
		VOLVOX forms globes that spin toward sources of light for energy and survival, and create new life as offshoots.
		VOLVOX, Inc., is a consulting firm that promotes organizational capability to adapt, grow, and change.
	www.volvoxinc.com (164 words)

	Developmental Biology Online: The Separation of Germ and Soma in Volvox
		Since there are only two cell types and since they both develop from the fertilized egg, scientists hope that Volvox may provide the first case in which the development of a multicellular organism can be traced totally from genotype to phenotype.
		The development of volvoxes which are mutant for both the gls and regA loci resembles that of simpler volvocaceans, wherein all cells first differentiate as somatic cells and then later become reproductive cells (Kochert, 1973).
		Then the regA gene is expressed exclusively in the small cells, to repress the second (reproductive) half of the ancestral pathway, and the lag genes are activated in the large cells to repress the genes required for the first (somatic) portion of the program (Figure 1).
	8e.devbio.com /printer.php?ch=2&id=13 (1109 words)

	XPLORA
		The Volvox network will provide teachers with authoritative briefings, proven laboratory protocols, classroom activities addressing the social impact of bioscience, accounts of the careers of young scientists and numerous other educational resources to help motivate them and their students.
		Behind Volvox will lie an innovative database and content management system (developed by European Schoolnet), allowing resources to be shared between countries.
		In the longer term, Volvox will seek means of becoming self-supporting and in the shorter term we anticipate that it will help to strengthen and provide a collaborative focus for existing bioscience education initiatives throughout Europe.
	www.xplora.org /ww/en/pub/xplora/nucleus_home/volvox.htm (274 words)

	Volvox (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Volvox played in Melbourne between 1991 and 1996.
		Two collections of Volvox recordings were released on cassette (Bad Earth and Egg, Pluto Pup and You).
		Together with Dave Taskas (Reg Egg), he contributed 2 pieces to VOLVOX's recorded matter, both called Interferon.
	www.spill-label.org /volvox/index.html (167 words)

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